手术治疗老视的研究进展

手术治疗老视尚处于初步阶段,传导性角膜热成形术(ConductiveKeratoplasty,CK)和准分子激光原位角膜磨削术(LASIK)多焦点切削(multifocalablation)等技术是新出现的治疗方式。多焦点人工晶状体或可调节人工晶状体植入术也为弥补老视调节不足提供了新的手段,对于重建调节的巩膜老视手术的研究也在不断深入。     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术矫正高度近视

目前,屈光性手术方法众多,主要可分为两大类:一类是角膜屈光性手术,另一类是晶状体屈光性手术.前者包括角膜镜片术或表面角膜移植术、角膜磨镶术、角膜内镜片植入术(如角膜基质内角膜环植入术)、放射状角膜切开术(RK)、自动板层角膜成形术(ALK)、准分子激光角膜切削术(PRK)以及准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)等.后者如透明晶状体摘出术包括植入与不植入后房型人工晶状体、有晶状体眼植入双凹或凹凸前房型人工晶状体、有晶状体眼植入后房型人工晶状体等.以往的各种屈光性手术均存在诸多的缺点和并发症,相对而言,有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术,除具备有晶状体眼前房型人工晶状体植入术的诸多优点外,人工晶状体植入更符合生理解剖状态,并大大减少了并发症,被视作一种前景甚好的屈光性手术.     

老视矫正手术方法的现状和发展趋势

老视是因年龄相关性调节幅度的下降使得近阅读渐渐困难的一种生理老化现象。现阶段老视矫正的主流方式是配戴单焦框架眼镜、双焦框架眼镜和渐变多焦点眼镜。目前所有针对老视的手术方法都未能带来持久的真正生理意义上的调节改善,本文就目前各种老视矫正手术方法（包括单眼视方法的、施于角膜的、施于巩膜的与施于晶状体的）的现状与发展趋势做一综述。     

老视矫正的多样化研究进展

配戴框架凸透镜是矫正老视的主要方式，如单光眼镜、双光眼镜、渐变多焦镜及其他新兴衍射镜片。屈光性手术也为矫正老视提供了新的途径，可分为角膜屈光性手术、晶状体摘除联合可调节型人工晶状体（IOL）植人手术以及巩膜屈光性手术。角膜屈光性手术通过改变角膜的屈光力而改变眼球的屈光状态，包括激光角膜手术和角膜层间植人物手术两类。晶状体摘除联合人工晶状体植人术的关键在于可调节型人工晶状体的研发，现有的单焦调节型及多焦调节型人工晶状体优点是减少眩光或光晕，获得较好的夜间视觉，临床效果仍需进一步研究。巩膜屈光性手术通过增加晶状体赤道部与睫状肌的距离治疗老视，包括睫状体前巩膜切开术、激光老视逆转术和巩膜扩张术。老视矫正逐渐向多样化发展，为不同需求的老视者提供了更多的选择。     

老视手术治疗最新进展

老视是一种进行性的与年龄相关的眼调节能力下降。本文就近年来治疗老视的常用手术方式,包括巩膜扩张术、多焦点人工晶状体植入术、LASIK老视矫正术、传导性角膜热成形术及其临床疗效、并发症等做一综述,为临床治疗老视提供参考依据。     

Monovision与老视矫正手术

Monovision(MV)矫正是一种成熟的矫正老视的方法,近10 a来,老视矫正手术逐渐开展,一些准分子激光角膜屈光手术(PRK、LASIK等)、激光角膜热成形术和传导式角膜成形术、人工晶状体植入术也采用MV矫正方法治疗老视,取得很好的效果,本文就MV矫正在这些老视矫正手术中的应用进行综述.     

激光手术矫正老视的应用和研究进展

尽管老视矫正方法日趋繁多,但手术矫正老视仍是屈光领域一个重大难题.近年来激光手术矫正老视逐渐得到重视.主要包括作用于角膜的激光老视手术如准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术、飞秒激光角膜基质内老视矫正术、激光角膜热成形术、角膜层间镜片植入术,以及作用于晶状体的飞秒激光晶状体老视矫正手术等.本文对激光矫正老视的临床应用和最新研究进展进行综述.     

屈光手术的回顾和展望

屈光手术和眼前节成像系统的发展大大提高了手术的安全性、有效性、可预测性和稳定性。飞秒激光可用于制作角膜瓣,进行角膜基质内切割,制作角膜基质环植入隧道等。与传统激光切削模式相比,波前像差引导等个性化切削模式能提高患者术后的视觉质量。角膜胶原交联术是一种治疗圆锥角膜的全新方法。有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术和屈光性人工晶状体置换术对于高度近视和远视的治疗有着重要的临床应用价值。现有的老视手术有助于提高患者的生活质量。本文对各种屈光手术新技术及相关的眼前节成像系统进行了评述,并展望了屈光手术未来的发展趋势,强调了解屈光手术新技术和新设备的重要性,提出应该积极稳妥地推进屈光手术新技术在临床上的应用。     

老视手术治疗最新进展

老视是一种进行性的与年龄相关的眼调节能力下降。本就近年来治疗老视的常用手术方式，包括巩膜扩张术、多焦点人工晶状体植入术、LASIK老视矫正术、传导性角膜热成形术及其临床疗效、并发症等做一综述，为临床治疗老视提供参考依据。     

老视矫正方法的研究进展

目的老视矫正方法的日趋多样化。配戴框架凸透镜是矫正老视最常见的方式,包括传统的单光（单焦）眼镜及近年出现的双光（双焦）、渐变多焦眼镜及衍射镜片。屈光手术矫正老视可分为角膜屈光性手术、眼内晶状体摘除联合可调节型人工晶状体（IOL）植入手术和巩膜屈光性手术。角膜屈光性手术包括激光角膜手术、角膜层闻植入物手术及传导性角膜成形术。鼎状体摘除联合可调节IOL植入术的IOL可分为单焦和多焦调节型两种,有引起眩光或光晕等视觉症状的情况,疗效需进一步观察。巩膜手术视觉完整性并不理想,且可能出现严重并发症,仍需临床观察。同时monovision（MV）被越来越多的引入到老视矫正手术中并且取得了较好效果。老视矫正方法的多样化为不同的需求者提供更多的选择。     

Surgical correction of presbyopia

There are a lot of surgical procedures to correct refractive errors, but the surgical correction of presbyopia is still a problem. In this paper the authors present surgical procedures, which can be used to correct presbyopia. There are three groups of surgery: the corneal, scleral and intrabulbar procedures.     

老视矫正手术的临床应用与展望

随着人们对生活质量的需求提高,老视问题越来越受到关注。像屈光不正矫正手术一样,老视的激光矫正治疗无论是设备开发还是临床手术的应用都逐年增多,如角膜的激光、角膜板层间镶嵌、角膜热重塑、巩膜气化等。但是老视又与屈光不正（近视、远视和散光）不同,到了一定年龄屈光度会相对稳定,而老视则与年龄有紧密的相关性。目前老视人群庞大,因此有许多人期待着安全、有效、可预测性强、远中近视力都能兼顾的老视矫治手术。     

Akkommodation und Presbyopie

There are two basic approaches for the surgical correction of presbyopia: increasing depth of focus (e.g. by means of multifocal laser abrasion of the cornea), Or restoring accommodation in the sense of a dynamic change in ocular refraction (accommodative intraocular lenses, scleral expansion). Pseudoaccommodative procedures are able to achieve satisfactory near vision, albeit at the price of lower performance in the intermediate range and decreased image quality. The restoration of accommodation remains problematic, partly because the mechanism of accommodation and the development of presbyopia are still not fully understood. Some surgical procedures are based on concepts, the validity of which is not confirmed or which even contradict experimental evidence. Thus, it is necessary to assess the results and presumed mechanisms critically and objectively.     

Accommodation and presbyopia : part 2: surgical procedures for the correction of presbyopia

There are two basic approaches for the surgical correction of presbyopia: increasing depth of focus (e.g. by means of multifocal laser abrasion of the cornea), Or restoring accommodation in the sense of a dynamic change in ocular refraction (accommodative intraocular lenses, scleral expansion). Pseudoaccommodative procedures are able to achieve satisfactory near vision, albeit at the price of lower performance in the intermediate range and decreased image quality. The restoration of accommodation remains problematic, partly because the mechanism of accommodation and the development of presbyopia are still not fully understood. Some surgical procedures are based on concepts, the validity of which is not confirmed or which even contradict experimental evidence. Thus, it is necessary to assess the results and presumed mechanisms critically and objectively.     

Surgical approach for scleral ischemia and melt

PURPOSE: To describe the combined use of tenonplasty, lamellar corneal patch graft, and amniotic membrane transplantation in managing scleral ischemia and/or melt by using sutures or fibrin glue. METHODS: We subjected five eyes of 4 patients with scleral ischemia and/or melt of diverse etiologies to debridement of all necrotic tissue, followed by a lamellar corneal graft (cases with melt, n = 3) or a cryopreserved amniotic membrane (cases without melt, n = 2), and a Tenon pedicle graft was used to cover the ischemic zone; surgery was completed by using a second layer of cryopreserved amniotic membrane. These procedures were performed by using either sutures or fibrin glue. Reduction of photophobia, facilitation of epithelialization, and correction of scleral ischemia and/or melt with preservation of the globe integrity were considered the main outcome measurements. RESULTS: Surgical measures were effective to reduce or eliminate photophobia, facilitate epithelialization, halt scleral ischemia and/or melt, and preserve the globe integrity in all eyes except for 1 eye, in which a second attempt was needed to completely correct scleral ischemia. Complications included granuloma formation in 1 case and dellen formation and extreme gaze horizontal diplopia caused by a small symblepharon formation in another case. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of tenonplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation with or without lamellar corneal patch grafting, by using sutures or fibrin glue, is a feasible alternative for treating scleral ischemia and/or melt.     

Surgical treatment of presbyopia: scleral, corneal, and lenticular

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Having solved most of the problems concerning myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, it is perfectly understandable that the surgical treatment of presbyopia should be next on the agenda. It is a new challenge where every possible aspect is explored. RECENT FINDINGS: The past five years have been troubled by the debate over von Helmholtz theory on accommodation. Numerous investigations have been carried out on the primate and humans using various procedures. The more we learn about this mechanism, the nearer we will be to finding a solution to presbyopia. It appears essential to refer to recent works confirming von Helmholtz theory. Therefore, understanding presbyopia requires a great deal of optical ingenuity such as monovision, scleral modifications, which still remain controversial, or clear lens exchange or refilling. SUMMARY: In 2003, with all the different techniques available, the surgeon has a wide choice to offer patients that are satisfactory from a practical, theoretical, and ethical point of view. However, these techniques must only be proposed once the patients have been carefully informed.     

老视的角膜矫正手术

老视是随着年龄增长、调节能力丧失出现视近物困难的一种生理现象,发病机制尚不明确。人口老龄化使老视人口及老视矫正的需求逐渐增多,老视的手术矫正方法正成为眼科医师关注的热点。随着技术和材料的不断发展,出现了多样化的老视矫正手术,包括经角膜老视矫正手术、晶状体老视矫正手术和巩膜老视矫正手术。尽管还没有一种完美的老视矫正手术能真正恢复眼的调节功能,现有的手术已取得一些临床效果。现对老视的角膜手术矫正方法做一综述。     

激光老视逆转术治疗老视的初步临床报告

目的了解激光老视逆转手术（laser presbyopia reversal，LAPR）治疗老视的技巧、并发症及初步效果。方法使用紫外激光对2例患者于角巩缘外的巩膜区对称性放射状切开8条切口，并观察术后第1天、第3天、第9天、第30天、第90天、第210天的检查结果。结果术后裸眼近视力、远矫下近视力、调节幅度及调节灵活度提高，近附加度数减少，210d后的手术效果有少量的回退，裸眼远视力与矫正远视力基本无变化，眼压无明显下降，眼轴、前房深度无明显改变。结论初步结果表明，在一定的年龄阶段，LAPR治疗老视安全，有一定效果。     

Imaging scleral expansion bands for presbyopia with optical coherence tomography

A 57-year-old woman was treated for mild presbyopia with implantation of scleral expansion bands (SEB). Although near vision was temporarily restored, the effect dissipated after 1 year. Slitlamp-adapted optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1310 nm allowed precise cross-sectional visualization of the hyporeflective intrascleral segments. The OCT method provided precise images of the segment depth and thickness, the scleral thickness at the scleral spur, the anterior chamber angle, and the angle-opening distance. Intrascleral tilting of 1 segment was seen; this required removal of the SEB because of marked foreign-body sensation. Noncontact, slitlamp-adapted OCT can be used to evaluate scleral changes after SEB implantation.