乳腺癌患者的社会支持及其相关因素分析

目的初步分析乳腺癌患者的社会支持及其相关因素。方法采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）对33例乳腺癌患者与29例健康女性进行问卷测评分析。结果乳腺癌组的主观支持分低于对照组,有显著差异（P〈0．05）;乳腺癌组已婚者主观支持分值低于对照组,且有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;乳腺癌组大学以上文化程度者的客观支持分、主观支持分及总社会支持分均低于对照组,且有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论乳腺癌患者的主观支持较差,尤以已婚乳腺癌患者明显;大学以上文化程度的乳腺癌患者主、客观社会支持均差。     

精神分裂症患者凶杀行为的社会心理因素研究

精神分裂症患者凶杀行为的发生受多种社会心理因素影响。本文从人口学特征、既往史、人格特征、精神症状、物质滥用等方面对精神分裂症患者凶杀行为的发生原因作一综述。     

心脏病患者的心身护理

心脏病泛指冠心、高心、肺心、风心、先心。临床上患者常出现胸闷、心悸、气喘、咳嗽、浮肿等心功能不全的症状。感染、过劳、饱餐、烟酒过度及喜、怒、哀、乐等心理因素常成为症状加重、病情反复或猝死的诱因。在临床护理工作中我们注意到单纯的药物治疗无法消除所有诱因对疾病的影响，     

住院老年患者社会心理因素调查分析

住院老年患者社会心理因素调查分析四川省绵阳市中心医院（６２１０００）袁玉刚王大模我国老龄问题已得到社会各界高度重视，系统了解和分析老年住院患者的社会心理因素，对于促进老年医学发展和提高医疗技术水平有着积极意义。本文对我市三所综合性医院２１３例住院老年...     

心理社会因素在乳腺癌发病中的作用

心理社会因素在乳腺癌的发病中是否起一定的作用以及起多大的作用一直是个有争议的问题 ;对此作者将生活事件、应付方式、情感、个性和社会支持等心理社会因素在乳腺癌发生中的作用作了综述     

脑卒中患者与正常人社会心理因素和负性情绪的对照研究

目的 探寻社会心理因素、个性特征和负性情绪与脑卒中的病因学联系.方法 对86例脑卒中患者和85例正常人应用MMSE、LES、SSRS、EPQ、HAMD、HAMA及一般情况调查表进行对照调查.结果 与正常组对照,脑卒中组负性生活事件分更高（P＜0.01）,社会支持度更低（P＜0.01）;在个性特征方面脑卒中组有更高的E分、N分,更多的外倾行为和情绪不稳定性格;负性情绪方面脑卒中组在焦虑/躯体化、认知障碍、阻滞、绝望、睡眠障碍和焦虑抑郁总分均明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论 负性生活事件多发,缺乏亲人和社会支持,不良个性特征和负性情绪可能是脑卒中发生发展的危险因素.     

乳腺癌患者心理健康状况的对照研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法 应用症状自评量表、艾森克个性问卷、Ａ型行为问卷、社会支持评定量表、生活事件量表等对５０例乳腺癌患者进行调查，并以５０名正常人做对照。结果 乳腺癌患者ＳＣＬ－９０总分和除敌对因子分外的其他因子分均显著高于对照组，逐步回归分析揭示，影响乳腺癌患者心理健康状况的主要因素为：负性生活事件、Ａ型行为类型、ＥＰＱ之Ｎ分。结论 乳腺癌患者的心理健康状况较差，     

肠易激综合征患者个性、社会心理因素对照研究

目的 探讨肠易激综合征患者个性特点及社会心理因素对发病的影响。方法 采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、生活事件量表（LES）、症状自评量表（SCL－90）对肠易激综合征病人和正常人进行评定。结果 肠易激综合征病人的EPQ中E分明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．01）,N分明显较对照组高（P＜0．01）;负性生活事件的频度及其刺激量明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,生活事件总刺激量较对照组高（P＜0．05）;SCL－90评定显示肠易激综合征病人在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、精神症诸因子及阳性项目数与正常对照组存在差异（P＜0．01－0．05）。结论 肠易激综合征病人在个性方面存在差异,社会心理因素对发病有影响。     

慢性盆腔疼痛社会心理因素研究

目的:探讨慢性盆腔疼痛(CPP)与社会心理因素的相关性. 方法:对72例CPP患者(CPP组)和95例子宫肌瘤患者(对照组)采用自编社会心理变量调查表及90项症状清单(SCL-90)进行测评. 结果:与对照组比较,CPP组婚姻状况较差,文化程度较低,总病程较长,诊治次数及恶性生活事件较多.SCL-90评分中抑郁和焦虑因子标准分较高(P均<0.05或P<0.01).回归分析发现:总病程、诊治次数以及SCL-90抑郁和焦虑因子标准分与腹腔镜检查的结果呈正相关,偏回归系数分别为0.346,0.536,0.611及0.616(t=2.20,3.24,4.47,4.49;P均<0.05);婚姻状况、文化程度与腹腔镜检查结果呈负相关,偏回归系数分别为0.314,0.611(t=2.18,4.52;P均<0.05). 结论:社会心理因素可能是CPP发病的成因之一,对CPP患者充分的心理评估和心理治疗以及抗抑郁治疗是十分必要的.     

冠心病患者的心理社会因素量表分析

目的研究冠心病患者社会心理因素的特点及影响。方法运用生活事件量表、A型行为量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、社会支持问卷,测定48例冠心病患者及50例正常对照组病前遭遇的生活事件、人格特征、应付方式、社会支持、患病后的心身健康状况及其影响因素。结果病例组本次患病前所经历的生活事件频数及紧张值,A型行为评分,消极应付方式评分,抑郁及焦虑分值均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。积极应付评分,社会支持总分减低(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论生活事件紧张总值、A型行为和抑郁是冠心病的危险因素,而积极应付方式和社会支持为疾病的保护因子。冠心病患者具有特殊的心理社会特征和心身共病状况,应采取积极的社会心理干预措施。     

Meta-analysis of the effects of psychosocial interventions on survival time in cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To provide a quantitative summary of effects of psychosocial interventions on cancer survival, and to present an overview of methodological and reporting aspects of the studies. METHOD: Electronic searches and manual searches of reference lists from review articles and retrieved papers. Two coders independently coded study, participant, treatment, and outcome characteristics of the studies meeting selection criteria. RESULTS: Thirteen journal articles published between 1989 and 2003 reporting results from 14 controlled intervention studies were included. Results are based on data obtained from 2626 subjects. Effect sizes [hazard ratios (HR)] were heterogeneous and random effects models were used in the analyses. The total mean inverse-variance-weighted HR was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65-1.11). Randomized studies (n=8) showed no overall treatment effect (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56-1.06), neither did the nonrandomized studies (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.61-1.62). Interventions using individual treatment (n=3) were, however, found to be effective (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43-0.70) but interventions using group treatment (n=9) were ineffective (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.73-1.27). Group treatments of breast cancer (n=6) were ineffective (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69-1.31). CONCLUSION: A definite conclusion about whether psychosocial interventions prolong cancer survival seems premature. Future studies should use randomization to avoid self-selection of patients with poor prognosis. Interventions should focus on a single diagnosis, take into account known risk factors, and describe their interventions thoroughly.     

心理社会因素对产后抑郁症发生的相关性分析

目的 探讨产后抑郁症发生的心理社会因素。方法 对住我院被诊断为产后抑郁症的45例病人与45例非产后抑郁症和45例正常产妇作对照研究。结果 产后抑郁症在症状学方面与非产后抑郁症差别不大，但它有较多的负性刺激和家庭问题，受到的客观支持也少。结论 产后抑郁症的发生与生活事件等心理社会因素有关。     

女性抑郁的心理社会因素研究进展

抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,严重影响人们的生活质量,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担,日益引起人们的重视.心理社会因素与抑郁症关系密切[1],减少心理社会危险因素的作用可以有效预防和治疗抑郁症.抑郁症性别差异明显[2],且多项研究表明女性患病率约是男性的2倍[3-4].性别本身的特殊性,社会和文化因素导致的性别角色的特殊性,使心理社会因素与女性抑郁的关系更为密切[5].     

Disparities in psychosocial functioning in a diverse sample of adults with anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders are associated with psychosocial functional impairments, but no study has compared how these impairments might vary by ethno-racial status. We examined whether minority status was uniquely associated with functional impairments in 431 adults with anxiety disorders. Functioning was measured in the rater-assessed domains of: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF); global psychosocial functioning; work, relationship, and recreational functioning; and, self-reported: life satisfaction, mental health functioning, physical functioning, and disability status. After controlling for demographic and clinical variables, results revealed evidence of disparities, whereby African Americans (AAs), particularly those with low income, had worse GAF, worse global psychosocial functioning, and were more likely to be disabled compared to non-Latino Whites. Latinos, particularly those with low income, had worse global psychosocial functioning than non-Latino Whites. Results suggest AAs and Latinos are at increased risk for functional impairments not better accounted for by other demographic or clinical variables.     

产后抑郁症患者的心理社会因素分析

目的研究产后抑郁症患者的人格特征、生活事件及社会支持影响因素。方法对93例产后抑郁症患者及135名正常产妇分别应用艾森克人格问卷、生活事件量表及社会支持评定量表进行评估。结果与正常产妇相比较,产后抑郁症在人格方面具有内倾及神经质倾向,且常经历较多的负性生活事件;产后抑郁症组的社会支持总分及其各分量表得分均显著低于正常组。结论产后抑郁症的发生与人格、生活事件及社会支持等心理社会因素有关。     

Psychological comorbidity and health-related quality of life and its association with awareness, utilization, and need for psychosocial support in a cancer register-based sample of long-term breast cancer survivors

OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial comorbidity and quality of life (QOL) and its association with knowledge, utilization, and need for psychosocial support have been studied in long-term breast cancer survivors. METHODS: One thousand eighty-three patients were recruited through a population-based cancer registry an average of 47 months following diagnosis (66% response rate). Self-report measures (e.g., Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist--Civilian Version, and Short-Form Health Survey) were used. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of patients had moderate to high anxiety, and 22% had moderate to high depression; posttraumatic stress disorder was observed in 12%. The overall psychological comorbidity was 43% and 26% for a possible and probable psychiatric disorder. Disease progress, detrimental interactions, less social support, a lower educational level, and younger age were predictors of psychological comorbidity (P<.004). Lower QOL (P<.01) and higher levels of anxiety (P<.001) were observed in cancer survivors compared to age-adjusted normative comparison groups. Time since diagnosis had no significant impact on psychological comorbidity as well as QOL. Forty-six percent of women felt insufficiently informed about support offers. Insufficient knowledge was associated with older age and lower education (P<.05). Since diagnosis, 57% had participated in cancer rehabilitation and 24% in other psychosocial support programs. Fifteen percent of all patients and 23% of those with a possible psychiatric disorder expressed their need for psychosocial support. Women with distress and perceived support needs who did not participate in past support programs were older, less educated, and less informed (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Findings show the long-term impact of breast cancer and indicate need for patient education, screening for psychosocial distress, and implementation of psychological interventions tailored in particular for older women.     

Psychosocial factors, disease status, and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective

To explore the interrelationships between the psychosocial and illness factors that determine the disease status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify how each factor is associated with quality of life (QOL).

Methods

The study group comprised 120 RA outpatients who completed a series of health examinations and questionnaires. Disease severity, functional disability, counts of swollen and/or tender joints, duration of RA, frequency of arthritis surgery, and C-reactive protein level were assessed by rheumatologists. Self-report inventories completed by the patients were used to assess perceived degree of pain, fatigue (visual analogue scales), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and social support (Social Support Questionnaire). Mental and physical components of health-related QOL were evaluated using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey.

Results

After z-transformation of the data, a principal axis factor analysis was conducted. A four-factor structure was identified in which the components reflected psychosocial factors, disease activity, current symptoms, and physical functional status, respectively. There was no significant association between psychosocial factors and disease activity, while the other components were moderately correlated with each other. Multiple regression analysis revealed that physical QOL was determined by current symptoms and physical functions. Mental QOL was determined by psychosocial factors, current symptoms, and physical functions.

Conclusion

Disease activity was independent from psychosocial factors and failed to reflect the perceived physical and mental QOL of RA patients. Clinicians should therefore evaluate psychosocial factors, as well as subjective disease status, to improve the QOL of patients with RA.     

The assessment of a psychosocial treatment with chronic schizophrenic patients using neuropsychopharmacological indices

1. The current investigation explored and compared the genotypic neuropsychopharmacological indices of eight chronic schizophrenic patients and four therapists on an inductive paradigm.

2. Patients and normals were screened with clinical interviews, psychometric and psycho- physiological tests and neuroleptic availability radioreceptor assays were monitored within a three month pre-post treatment design.

3. Results revealed that clinical, psychometric and psychophysiological parameters failed to reach statistical significance in a three month pre-post treatment structure and functional comparison. The implications for future schizophrenia research are discussed and illustrated using actual neuropsychophysiological phenotypic and genotypic profiles of introverted, extroverted and ambivert schizophrenic patients.     

Flourishing despite a cancer diagnosis: factors associated with complete mental health in a nationally-representative sample of cancer patients aged 50 years and older

Objectives: This study investigated the association between cancer and complete mental health (CMH). CMH includes optimal functioning as well as the absence of psychopathology.

Methods: Secondary data analyses of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. This study used bivariate and logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios of CMH among community dwellers aged 50 and older with current cancer (n?=?438), previous cancer (n?=?1,174) and no cancer history (n?=?9,279). CMH had three elements: (1) absence of mental illness, addictions and suicidal thoughts in the past year; (2) almost daily happiness or life satisfaction in the past month; (3) psychosocial well-being. Control variables included socio-demographics, health behaviours, current physical health and lifetime history of mental illness and childhood maltreatment.

Results: Adults aged 50 and over with current cancer had a much lower prevalence of CMH (66.1%) than those with previous cancer (77.5%) and those with no cancer history (76.8%). After adjusting for 17 variables, the odds of CMH among those with current cancer remained substantially lower (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.49–0.79) than those without cancer. Among those who had ever had cancer, the odds of CMH were higher for female, white, married, and older respondents, as well as those with higher socioeconomic status, and no history of childhood physical abuse, substance abuse, depression or anxiety disorder.

Conclusions: Those with former cancer have comparable odds of CMH to those with no cancer history, suggesting a high level of resilience among cancer survivors.