某地高危人群羊布鲁菌病疫情调查

目的 了解滨州市沾化区高危人群羊布鲁菌病感染情况和流行趋势,为防控羊布鲁菌病疫情提供科学依据。方法 对2015至2017年沾化区从事与羊接触的高危人群进行羊布鲁菌病抗体检测与诊断。结果 沾化区共调查羊布鲁菌病高危人群1 232例,布鲁菌病抗体平均阳性率为13.39%。2017年布鲁菌病抗体阳性率最高为15.98%、2015、2016年阳性率比较差异有统计学意义 (χ²=5.80,P＜0.05),2015、2017年度阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.93,P＜0.05) ; 年龄组以 21～70岁为高发病人群,抗体阳性率为14.19%,71 岁以上组为低发病人群,抗体阳性率为 5.26%,两年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.16,P＜0.05)。男性布鲁菌抗体阳性率为16.48%,女性抗体阳性率为8.64%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.62,P＜0.05)。结论 近三年来,沾化区高危人群布鲁菌病抗体阳性感染率逐年增加,疾控中心和畜牧局应迅速开展布鲁菌病宣传与教育工作,提高自我防护意识,降低人群感染率,达到消除布鲁菌病的目的。     

层流无菌床在治疗毛细支气管炎中的应用研究

目的 研究层流无菌床在治疗毛细支气管炎患儿中的作用,为毛细支气管炎患儿复康提供有效新途径。方法 采用列表研究方法,选择2016年11月至2017年5月在我科住院,小于6月龄毛细支气管炎患儿 146人,随机分为干预组78例和对照组68例,两组患儿均进行常规治疗,对两组患儿在性别、年龄、医院感染发生率、抗生素使用率、药占比、住院天数、住院费用等方面进行比较。结果 两组患儿年龄和性别无统计学意义;两组患儿感染发病率比较,干预组明显低于对照组,(χ²=6.37,P＜0.05)差异有统计学意义;干预组抗生素使用率(χ²=11.48,P＜0.05)、药占比(χ²=9.52,P＜0.05)、住院天数(Z=6.58,P＜0.05)、住院费用(Z= 5.96,P＜0.05)等均显著低于对照组。结论 层流无菌床能有效预防毛细支气管炎患儿的医院感染,降低抗生素使用率、药占比,缩短住院天数,降低住院费用。     

99mTc-MIBI平面显像及断层显像诊断原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的效能评价

目的 探讨^{99 m}Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈(Tc-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile,MIBI)平面显像及断层显像诊断原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(primary hyperparathyroidism,PHPT)的效能。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年1月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院疑诊PHPT并在术前完善甲状旁腺^{99 m}Tc -MIBI平面显像及断层显像的78例患者的临床及影像资料。分别计算^{99 m}Tc-MIBI早期平面显像、延迟平面显像及延迟断层显像的诊断效能,采用χ ²检验进行比较。 结果 78例患者术后病理证实PHPT 75例。从患者水平分析,早期平面显像的灵敏度为 60.00% (45/75),特异度为 66.67% (2/3),准确率为 60.26% (47/78);延迟平面显像的灵敏度为 81.33% (61/75),特异度为 0% (0/3),准确率为 78.21% (61/78);延迟断层显像的灵敏度为 89.33% (67/75),特异度为 66.67% (2/3),准确率为 88.46% (69/78);延迟平面显像及断层显像的灵敏度、准确率均显著高于早期平面显像(χ ² =8.233,P=0.004;χ² =17.058,P ＜ 0.001和χ² =5.898,P=0.015;χ ² =16.272,P ＜ 0.001)。从病灶水平分析,早期平面显像的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为 55.42% (46/83),83.33% (5/6)和 57.30% (51/89),延迟平面显像的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为 73.49% (61/83),16.67% (1/6)和 69.66% (62/89),延迟断层显像的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为 90.36% (75/83),66.67% (4/6)和 88.76% (79/89);延迟平面显像的灵敏度显著高于早期平面显像(χ²=5.916, P=0.015);延迟断层显像的灵敏度及准确率均显著高于早期平面显像和延迟平面显像(χ²=25.639, P ＜ 0.001;χ²=22.364, P ＜ 0.001和χ²=7.975, P=0.005;χ²=9.860, P=0.002)。 结论 ^{99 m}Tc-MIBI延迟平面显像在原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进术前的诊断效能明显优于早期显像,延迟断层显像可进一步提高诊断的灵敏度和准确率。     

多中心健康人群体质量指数与甲状腺结节恶性风险分层的相关性

目的 探讨多中心健康人群体质量指数(BMI)与甲状腺结节恶性风险分层的相关性。方法 以2015年1 月至2017年12月在5个体检中心进行体检并接受甲状腺超声检查的6070名体检者为研究对象,进行体格检查、生化指标及甲状腺超声检查,所有筛查人员均经过认证培训,其中课题组超声医生均参加了大型流调课题前的甲状腺结节超声风险评估培训,并考核通过。结果 6070名体检者中,5773人(95.1%)来自华北地区,其中2833人共有4274个结节;297人(4.9%)来自华中地区,其中158人共有183个结节;两地区甲状腺结节的患病率无统计学意义(χ ²=1.923,P=0.092)。2991例(49.3%,2991/4557)有结节的患者中,1479例(49.4%)为单发结节,1512例(50.6%)为多发结节;398例(13.3%)结节>1 cm,2593例(86.7%)结节≤1 cm。结节组女性比例(χ ²=156.36,P=0.000)、年龄(t=-18.768,P=0.000)和空腹血糖(FBG)水平(t=-3.808,P=0.000)均明显高于无结节组。在所有检出的4457个结节中,良性、极低风险、低风险、中等风险和高风险结节的检出率分别为4.5%、6.6%、85.0%、0.1%和3.7%。其中,中等风险及以下结节共有4291个,高风险结节共有166个。与中等风险及以下结节患者相比,高风险结节患者低BMI比例明显较高(χ ²=25.161,P=0.000),FBG水平明显较低(t=3.357,P=0.000)。多因素非条件Logistic回归结果显示,低BMI(OR=2.900,95%CI:1.461~5.783,P=0.002)和高FBG水平(OR=0.803,95%CI:0.675~0.955,P=0.013)是结节为高风险的独立危险因素。低体质量人群中高风险结节检出率明显高于正常体质量人群和超重及肥胖人群(χ ²=25.16,P=0.000)。在≥55岁人群中,低体重人群中高风险结节的比例明显升高(χ ²=44.868,P=0.000)。 结论 低体质量和年龄≥55岁与罹患高风险甲状腺结节存在关联。     

快速平衡稳态采集和单次激发快速自旋回波序列产前诊断胎盘植入的价值比较

目的 比较磁共振成像(MRI)快速平衡稳态采集(FIESTA)和单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列在产前诊断胎盘植入中的价值,为产前诊断的序列选择提供参考。方法 回顾性分析疑诊胎盘植入的121例孕妇的MRI资料,评价FIESTA序列和SSFSE序列的图像质量及两序列对胎盘植入征象的显示能力,与手术及病理结果对照,分别计算这两个序列中各征象诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 FIESTA序列的图像优良率为74.38%,明显高于SSFSE序列的39.67%(χ ²=29.74,P=0.000)。FIESTA序列对子宫肌层不连续的显示能力明显高于SSFSE序列(χ ²=6.750,P=0.006),对胎盘内异常血管影(χ ²=8.471,P=0.020)、胎盘信号不均匀(χ ²=13.885,P=0.000)、T2W低信号带(χ ²=4.267,P=0.035)的显示能力明显低于SSFSE序列;两者在子宫局部膨隆(χ ²=0.250,P=0.625)、胎盘局部凹陷征(χ ²=0.167,P=0.687)、胎盘穿透及宫旁植入(χ ²=0.800,P=0.375)、胎盘组织突入宫颈管内(χ ²=0.081,P=0.776)的显示能力差异无统计学意义。在两序列中,胎盘局部凹陷、胎盘穿透及宫旁植入、胎盘组织突入宫颈管诊断胎盘植入的特异度均为100%。 结论 FIESTA序列对胎盘子宫的轮廓和分界显示效能较高,SSFSE序列对胎盘内信号改变显示较好,在FIESTA中观察胎盘与周围结构的关系及是否有植入周围组织,在SSFSE中观察胎盘内信号改变的征象,结合两个序列观察血管,有望提高产前诊断胎盘植入的能力。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎术后复发相关因素分析

目的 分析慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)术后复发的相关因素,探索预防CSOM术后复发的干预措施。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月在贵州医科大学第三附属医院行手术治疗并达到临床治愈标准的CSOM患者1066例,通过电子病历系统查阅患者临床资料及相关实验室检查,随访1年观察是否复发并分为未复发组与复发组,采用卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归进行两组间相关因素比较。结果 CSOM术后复发率为6.38%。多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染(χ ²=16.338,P=0.000)、年龄≥60岁(χ ²=5.182,P=0.023)、发病频次≥3次/年(χ ²=4.388,P=0.036)、活动期发病持续时间>7 d(χ ²=4.729,P=0.030)、反复上呼吸道感染>3 次/年(χ ²=11.913,P=0.001)、伴慢性鼻窦炎(χ ²=11.077,P=0.001)、血糖>6.11 mmol/L(χ ²=15.327,P=0.000)、术后降钙素原(PCT)>0.5 μg/L(χ ²=8.337,P=0.004)是术后复发的危险因素;使用通气管是术后复发的保护因素(χ ²=5.308,P=0.021)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前MDRO感染(OR=3.373,95%CI:1.825~6.234,P=0.000)、反复上呼吸道感染>3 次/年(OR=2.727,95%CI:1.479~5.030,P=0.001)、慢性鼻窦炎(OR=2.980,95%CI:1.654~5.369,P=0.000)、血糖(>6.11 mmol/L)(OR=3.219,95%CI:1.741~5.953,P=0.000)、PCT(>0.5 μg/L)(OR=2.085,95%CI:1.106~3.931,P=0.023)是CSOM患者术后复发的独立危险因素。结论 做好MDRO感染防控、控制血糖、预防上呼吸道感染、减少慢性鼻窦炎复发是降低CSOM术后复发的主要措施。监测PCT可为临床早期发现与早期干预提供参考依据。     

糖尿病对胰十二指肠切除术后并发症的影响

目的:探讨糖尿病对胰十二指肠切除术（PD）患者术后并发症的影响。方法:回顾性分析110例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。根据术前是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组（32例）和非糖尿病组（78例）,比较两组患者术后胰瘘等并发症发生情况。结果:糖尿病组和非糖尿病组患者术后胰瘘发生率分别为59.4%和38.5%,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。两组患者术后胃排空延迟、术后感染、胆漏、术后出血发生率以及住院时间和住院花费的差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。胰瘘患者中合并糖尿病（χ²=4.018,P ＜0.05）和术后血糖控制不佳（χ²=14.045,P ＜0.05）的比例较高,差异有统计学意义。结论:合并糖尿病的PD患者术后胰瘘发生率较不合并糖尿病患者更高,术后血糖控制不佳增加PD患者术后胰瘘的风险。     

α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达在进展期结直肠癌化疗疗效预测及预后中的意义

目的 探讨α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达与进展期结直肠癌化疗疗效及预后的相关性。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,检测52例接受奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶化疗的进展期结直肠癌患者标本中α-SMA的表达,分析其与临床病理因素和化疗疗效的相关性,并进行生存分析。结果 52例患者中,29例(55.8%)为α-SMA高表达,α-SMA蛋白的表达与患者的年龄(χ ²=0.113,P=0.730)、性别(χ ²=0.515,P=0.332)、肿瘤部位(χ ²=3.675,P=0.159)、组织分化程度(χ ²=1.852,P=0.604)均无显著相关性。α-SMA高表达者化疗耐药率为65.5%(19/29),显著高于α-SMA低表达者的13.0%(3/23)(χ ²=14.470,P=0.000)。α-SMA高表达者的无进展生存期显著短于α-SMA低表达者[(6.4±1.0)个月比(16.0±3.5)个月; {\chi }_{\log ?\mathrm{rank}}^2 =5.985,P=0.018]。 结论 α-SMA高表达与进展期结直肠癌患者对奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶类药物耐药相关。     

导乐分娩联合家庭式温馨护理环境对产妇及新生儿的影响

目的 探究导乐分娩联合家庭式温馨护理环境对产妇心理状态、新生儿评分及分娩结局的影响。方法 选取2017年10月至2019年10月于延安市宝塔区人民医院进行分娩的产妇156例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为护理组和对照组,各78例。护理组行导乐分娩联合家庭式温馨护理环境干预,对照组行常规护理干预。比较两组不同干预方式对产妇心理状态、新生儿评分及分娩结局的影响。结果 重复测量方差分析显示,两组产妇不同时间点SAS、VAS评分均有不同程度的降低(P＜0.05),且护理组在宫口扩张期、胎儿娩出期及产后6 h的SAS、VAS评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。但两组新生儿出生后1、5、10 min的Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。同时护理组产妇阴道自然分娩者显著高于对照组(χ²=10.556,P＜0.05),而会阴侧切、剖宫产分娩低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ²=4.924、4.019,P＜0.05)。结论 导乐分娩联合家庭式温馨护理环境干预可有效减少产妇分娩中紧张、焦虑等不良情绪,降低分娩时疼痛感及剖宫产率,为产妇顺利分娩提供良好环境。     

北京市2009年至2018年高考体检考生听力专业受限分布特征分析

目的 了解2009年至2018年北京市高考生听力专业受限情况与发展趋势。方法 整理北京市十年高考体检数据,分析听力专业受限检出率的人群、时间、空间分布特征,采用Mann-Kendall对听力专业受限检出率进行趋势分析,采用热力图描述2009年至2018年高考考生听力专业受限检出率的时空交互趋势。结果 2009年至2018年北京市高考体检学生共计717 342人,检出听力专业受限428例,检出率为6.11/10 000。连续十年高考体检听力专业受限率处于明显上升趋势(线性趋势χ²=13.270,P=0.000)。城区学生高考听力专业受限的检出率为7.32/10 000,高于郊区的4.06/10 000(χ²=31.148,P=0.000)。平均听力专业受限检出率丰台区最高,总例数合计为40,检出率为10.91/10 000;平谷区最低,总例数合计为4例,检出率为1.64/10 000。男生听力专业受限检出率为6.17/10 000,女生为5.78/10 000,两者差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.445,P=0.505)。结论 北京市高考学生听力专业受限检出率呈上升态势,听力健康应全生命周期管理,青少年应尽早建立防护意识。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.