论医患关系的法律属性与法律应用

医患关系在医疗实践中起重要作用。医患关系的法律化是社会发展与进步的产物,是建立新型医患关系、维护病人权利的重要保证,也是医疗活动走上法制化轨道的重要影响因素,其内容包括对医患关系法律属性的确定,医疗中患者的知情同意权、隐私权、医疗保密权、医方的知情权以及在医疗纠纷中医患双方合法权益的法律保护等。     

医疗纠纷防范中几个值得重视的问题

本文从引起医疗纠纷的原因入手,对非技术原因引发的医疗纠纷提出对策,着重于有效沟通与关爱的内容与方法,强调懂得医患双方利益,提高医务人员自身素质,重视语言技巧等,才能建立病人的信任,进而避风险,说明医患关系在一定程度上比职业技能更重要。     

改善医患关系,防范医疗纠纷

随着医学知识和法律观念的普及和增强,医疗纠纷呈逐年上升的趋势.目前,如何预防和处理好医疗纠纷是医院最感头痛的问题.其中,改善医患关系是至关重要的方面.笔者就改善医患关系,防范医疗纠纷谈几点粗浅的看法.1 医患关系与医疗纠纷的引发有着密切关系“医疗纠纷是医患双方对医疗活动中在认识上产生分歧,即病人对医护人员或医疗机构的医疗活动不满,而与医方发生争执.”“医疗纠纷的范围包括病人对医方实施医疗、护理等活动的方式、后果及原因发生认识分歧,医疗纠纷的目的基本为确定责任,追究责任和追究赔偿.”医疗纠纷是医患关系恶化、医患矛盾发展的最高表现形式.     

论医患关系的法律属性及其立法规制

随着我国医疗改革的推进,人们的法制意识不断增强,医疗纠纷和医疗诉讼正在飞速增加,医患关系已成为普遍的重要的社会关系,将其纳入法律的调整范围十分必要而且紧迫。然而由于我国医务法律立法迟滞,医疗损害赔偿法律制度不健全,在法律上究竟应当采取何种方式来解决医疗纠纷,在法学界和医学界都引起广泛的关注。其中的核心问题便是医疗纠纷的法律适用问题,而这又取决于医患关系法律性质的界定。本文在分析揭示医患关系法律属性的基础上,论证了对医患关系予以专门立法,以便归纳出更为合理、公正的解决医患纠纷的对策和依据,最终达到建立和谐的医患关系的目的,以服务于建设社会主义和谐社会的需要。     

医务人员对医患关系中自身法律地位的认知与评价分析

目的探讨医患关系中医务人员对自身法律地位的认知状况及其对和谐医患关系的影响。方法随机抽取458名临床医务人员，采用问卷调查的方式收集资料，再进行统计分析与比较研究。结果不同基本情况的医务人员对医患关系中自身法律地位的认知状况不同，对自身职业的评价、医患关系的诠释、法律中医患关系的界定及医疗纠纷的认识均存在不同程度的差异。结论加强医务人员对自身法律地位的认知，有助于医务人员明确行业职责与义务，保障医患合法权益，减少医疗纠纷，有助于和谐医患关系的建立。     

医患关系的信任机制探讨

根据法律上民事责任是构成法律责任的最基本的条件,以在诊疗护理过程中医务人员有无医疗过失为标准,将医疗纠纷分为医疗过失纠纷和非医疗过失纠纷.在临床医疗实践中非医疗过失纠纷多于医疗过失纠纷[1],而非医疗过失纠纷的产生与医患之间缺乏信任有关.医患之间的不信任是医疗纠纷的根本因素,以往的信任关系被破坏,重新构建这种信任是一个战略问题.因此,用博弈论的观点探讨建立医患之间信任关系,尤其是医患之间需要建立信誉机制,这将有利于避免和减少医疗纠纷,对医疗机构的生存和发展具有积极的现实意义[2].     

如何更好的解决医患关系

目的 建立信任和谐的医患关系,减少医疗纠纷与诉讼的发生.方法 :分析医患关系的基本模式及现状.结果 :转变思想观念,强化医院质量管理,加强医患之间的沟通,对患者真诚可信,尊重患者的知情权,加强社会监督等,是建立和谐医患关系的有效途径.在构建和谐社会、落实以人为本的思想指导下,无论是医疗卫生部门,还是病人或社会各界,都应当相互协作、相互理解,使之形成信任和谐的医患关系,减少医疗纠纷与诉讼的发生.     

如何建立信任和谐的医患关系

目的建立信任和谐的医患关系,减少医疗纠纷与诉讼的发生。方法分析医患关系的基本模式及现状。结果转变思想观念,强化医院质量管理,加强医患之间的沟通,对患者真诚可信,尊重患者的知情权,加强社会监督等,是建立和谐医患关系的有效途径。结论在构建和谐社会、落实以人为本的思想指导下,无论是医疗卫生部门,还是病人或社会各界,都应当相互协作,相互理解,使之形成信任和谐的医患关系,减少医疗纠纷与诉讼的发生。     

医疗纠纷成因及防范对策分析

当前，医患关系日趋紧张，医疗纠纷越演越烈，影响了社会的安定和谐。建立和谐的医患关系刺不容缓。文章客观分析了医患关系的现状，医疗纠纷的成因及防范对策，对减少医疗纠纷，建立和谐医患关系具有积极的现实意义。     

关于改善医学生医患关系具体方法的研究

医患关系是医务人员与病人在医疗过程中产生的特定医治关系,是医疗人际关系中的关键.加强学习与病人沟通的艺术,改善与患者沟通的技巧与策略,是建立良好医患关系,减少医疗纠纷的关键.     

Genetics services in a social, ethical and policy context: a collaboration between consumers and providers

We report a unique, collaborative effort by users and providers of genetic services to arrive at outlines for optimal ethics and clinical practice. Using focus groups of consumers (users) and providers (held separately), a provider-consumer project team developed 1) a consumer wish list, 2) an experientially based ethical overview of situations arising in practice, and 3) detailed suggestions for consumer-provider interactions in clinical settings. Consumers were primarily interested in accurate information, respect for persons, a smoothly functioning team, with the consumer as an equal member of the team, family integrity, and providers who knew the limits of their knowledge and were willing to refer. "Non-directive" counselling and privacy were not major issues in consumer focus groups; some thought providers should openly state their own opinions. Providers had a rather different list of priorities. Books and papers on clinical ethics usually originate from bioethicists and physicians. This pilot project is unique in including consumers and providers equally.     

MyHealthRecord in Australian Primary Health Care: An Attitudinal Evaluation Study

Australia’s investment in the national MyHealthRecord has not been successfully communicated to the myriad of stakeholder groups, resulting in negative perceptions about the system and serious consequences for the uptake of the MyHealthRecord. Local stakeholder attitudes and perceptions will be crucial in setting the scene for success or failure with MyHealthRecord. A survey was undertaken to identify primary healthcare provider perceptions of the MyHealthRecord system, and capture the perceived enablers and barriers for use of the MyHealthRecord system. Almost all (89%) of the twenty-seven (27) respondents had previously heard of the MyHealthRecord system prior to completing the survey. Enablers included a decrease in duplication of effort and an increase in continuity of care. However, concerns about the perceived impact on healthcare provider time, privacy, access controls, and the need for full participation will need to be managed if MyHealthRecord is to be successfully implemented. The MyHealthRecord system will only be perceived as trustworthy when there is full participation by healthcare organisations, providers, and consumers. If Australian consumers become participants in an opt-out approach, it will be a catalyst for participation by healthcare organisations and providers. Incentives to encourage MyHealthRecord participation need to be extended to all healthcare providers as healthcare provider attitudes are influential with consumers. Therefore MyHealthRecord training and education needs to be targeted towards healthcare providers. Research into the attitudes of the local healthcare provider cohort is valuable in creating a change management strategy for maximising local success.     

Assessing Domains of Uncertainty in Critical Web-Based Healthcare Communities

Search engines and Web-based directories play a central role in facilitating access to online health information. In this environment consumers often find and act upon health information of variable quality, with little input from health professionals. As an added concern, when consumers access health information on the Web via a search engine they often fail to discuss the information with a healthcare provider, especially in areas of perceived medical uncertainty. For many health consumers, the Internet may be the primary (or even sole) source of health information, especially where consumers lack access to, or trust in, trained providers. To date the corresponding role of search engine technology use and efficacy has received relatively little attention, however. This study serves as an exploratory technology assessment that explains the application of keyword effectiveness indexing (KEI) analysis in estimating the ability of commercial search engines to return relevant results for healthcare consumers. Findings suggest that KEI can serve as a useful health search profiling tool, though its applicability may vary across domains. This study was provided support from the Center for Technology Assessment, State College, PA.     

对医患信息不对称的伦理学思考

和谐的医患关系对构建和谐社会具有重要的现实意义。从医学伦理学的角度,就医患信息不对称的内涵、原因进行分析,阐述了医患信息不对称引发的问题,指出改变因医患信息不对称导致医患关系紧张的对策。     

医患关系信息不对称的伦理思考

在医患关系中,由于信息不对称,导致医疗供方诱导患方就医逆向选择,并产生医患双方道德风险行为.作者分析了医患双方占有医学信息不对称的原因,从伦理学角度阐述了医患关系中由于信息不对称造成的主要问题,并提出了可行性建议.     

加强党的执政能力建设,构建和谐医患关系

"构建社会主义和谐社会"是党的执政能力的重要内容之一,医患和谐是社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分.目前,医患纠纷普遍存在,由医疗争议引发的暴力事件怵目惊心,医患矛盾已成为构建和谐社会的障碍.本文从医患双方、社会方面、医疗体制、医疗机制、医疗资源配置多方面分析了医患关系不和谐的原因.提出构建现代和谐医惠关系的对策,即要加强党的执政能力建设,坚持"以人为本",树立和落实科学发展观,推进医疗卫生事业的全面协调和可持续发展;要把处理医患矛盾,构建和谐医患关系提高到增强党的执政能力的高度;要以人为本的解决医患矛盾,对可能出现的矛盾,提前采取有效措施,将医患矛盾处理在潜伏期或显露期,尽量不进入暴发期.呼吁尽快建立医疗责任保险制度和科学、合理、和谐的具有中国特色的社会主义卫生法律体系.     

What do we know about men's help-seeking and health service use?

Men seek help and use health services less frequently than women do. Men's help-seeking practices and health service use are complex issues involving biological, psychological and sociological considerations. Most discussion on men's help-seeking positions them as reluctant consumers or "behaving badly" with respect to their health. Few studies have explored whether health service providers are equipped to deal with men's health issues appropriately. The current health system appears not to be tailored to meet the health needs of men. Better collaboration is required across disciplines, to further investigate men's health using both qualitative and quantitative research methods.     

社区卫生服务结果的个体化评价方法

标准化的结果评价指标常常因为难以满足卫生服务提供者和消费者的要求 ,而受到批评 ,尤其是对那些以服务对象为中心的卫生服务项目的评价。因此 ,以服务对象个体为基础的结果评价方法在近年来引起许多关注。目标成就评量就是一种根据特定个体设定指标进行评价的方法 ,通过评量尺度对每个人给予一个评价值。使用该法可以对患有多种复杂和不同的疾病以及采用不同干预方案的人进行比较。这种评价与卫生实践的目标保持一致 ,能够产生良好的效应。本文介绍了目标成就评量的具体方法     

医院一线职工的人文关怀和心理疏导

本文根据医务人员主要压力的表现,提出了缓解压力的对策。只有重视对一线职工的人文关怀和心理疏导,通过各种方式缓解其的心理压力,才能缓和医患关系,减少医疗纠纷,促进卫生事业健康发展[1]。