抗胸腺细胞球蛋白联合环孢素治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

目的 观察抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)联合环孢素治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析本院2009年1月-2010年3月收治的14例应用ATG联合环孢素治疗的儿童SAA的疗效及不良反应.14例患儿均采用ATG联合环孢素治疗,ATG用量为5 mg·kg-1·d-1,静脉滴注,共5 d,应用ATG前清除感染灶;同时静脉滴注甲泼尼龙2~3 mg·kg-1·d-1,以减轻变态反应;环孢素的起始用量为3~5 mg·kg-1·d-1,根据血药质量浓度调整环孢素用量,维持环孢素血药谷质量浓度为100~200 μg·L-1;辅以成分输血、粒细胞集落刺激因子及抗感染治疗.结果 14例患儿中有效10例(71.43%),无效4例(28.57%);14例患儿中骨髓增生活跃者8例,其中有效7例(87.5%),无效1例(12.5%);骨髓增生低下者6例,有效3例(50.0%),无效3例(50.0%);在14例应用ATG治疗的患儿中,1例患儿在治疗过程中出现变态反应,2例在应用ATG 2周左右出现血清病;1例患儿治疗过程中因PLT过低、颅内出血死亡.结论 ATG联合环孢素治疗儿童SAA有效,且相对安全,尤其是骨髓增生尚活跃者,有可能达到治愈.     

免疫抑制治疗获得性重型再生障碍性贫血患儿疗效分析

目的 分析免疫抑制治疗儿童获得性重型再生障碍性贫血(severe aplastic anemia,SAA)的近远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年6月在我院应用联合免疫抑制治疗的获得性重型再生障碍性贫血患儿.112例患儿随机分3组:Ⅰ组(26例):单用环孢素A(CSA)组;Ⅱ组(30例):CSA+丙种球蛋白[400 mg/(kg·d)×5 d];Ⅲ组(56例):兔抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(R-ATG)[3～5 mg(kg·d)×5 d]+CSA.所有患儿治疗均同时加用司坦唑醇或丙酸睾丸酬.CSA血药浓度调整到谷浓度100 ug/L以上,峰浓度300 ug/L以上.结果Ⅰ组免疫抑制治疗的总反应率为26.92%;Ⅱ组免疫抑制治疗的总反应率为33.33%;Ⅲ组免疫抑制治疗的总反应率为62.5%,明显高于Ⅰ组(P=0.001);比较Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的总反应率差异无统计学意义.Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组5年总生存率分别为(20.50±15.41)%、(39.77±9.77)%和(66.27±6.84)%.结论对无HLA匹配同胞供者的重型获得性再生障碍性贫血患儿ATG联合CSA是最理想的治疗方法 .     

单用环孢素A与环孢素A联合ATG治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血的临床疗效比较

目的 比较单用环孢素A(CSA)与CSA联合抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白(ATG)治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性分析的方法,收集昆明市儿童医院血液科2014年1月-2019年12月收治的62名SAA患儿作为研究对象.单用CSA治疗的44例患儿作为CSA组,采用CSA联合ATG治疗的18例患儿...     

环孢素A治疗126例儿童非重型再生障碍性贫血疗效分析

目的 评价环孢素A(CSA)治疗儿童非重型再生障碍性贫血(NSAA)疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2014年6月径CSA口服治疗的126例NSAA患儿的临床资料.结果 126例患儿中男76例、女50例,中位年龄7岁11月(1岁11个月~14岁),中位随访时间14.5个月(3~79个月);非输注依赖型NSAA78例(61.9%),输注依赖型NSAA48例(38.1%).总有效率55.6%;CSA治疗输注依赖型NSAA有效率77.1%,非输注依赖型NSAA有效率42.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.83,P=0.000).CSA治疗后,14.1%非输注依赖型NSAA病例完全缓解,80.8%维持非输注依赖NSAA,5.2%进展为输注依赖NSAA或重型/极重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA/VSAA);16.7%输注依赖型NSAA患儿完全缓解,60.4%好转为非输注依赖,23.0%维持输注依赖型NSAA或进展为SAA/VSAA.结论 CSA治疗可以延缓NSAA患儿的疾病进展,但CSA治疗完全缓解率低,尚需更多临床试验建立更有效的NSAA治疗方案.     

兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白治疗重型再生障碍性贫血25例疗效分析

目的探讨使用兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白(ATG)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效及毒副反应。方法回顾性分析2004-2009年共25例SAA患儿应用ATG+环孢素A+雄激素治疗后随访半年以上的疗效。观察患儿血象变化、远期克隆性改变、感染。结果 ATG治疗半年后25例患儿中17例(68%)有效,其中5例(20%)基本治愈,3例(12%)缓解,9例(36%)明显进步,8例(32%)无效中2例(8%)行异基因造血干细胞移植后治愈,2例(8%)半年后因感染死亡。随访期间1例SAA-II型发生远期克隆性改变转变为MDS。1例患儿在输注ATG过程中出现皮疹、发烧、关节痛;2例出现喉头水肿;输注后2周内患儿出现血清病反应,表现为皮疹、发热、关节痛。第1周7例,第2周1例。结论本组患儿用ATG+环孢素A+雄激素治疗有效率68%。毒副作用主要表现为发热、皮疹、关节痛,极少数出现喉头水肿,ATG使用过程中出现的过敏反应及使用后出现的血清病反应均可获得较好控制。     

不同剂量丙种球蛋白辅助治疗重型再生障碍性贫血疗效分析

目的分析不同剂量的静脉丙种球蛋白(IVIG)辅助治疗儿童获得性重型再生障碍性贫血(AA)的疗效。方法回顾分析2000年1月至2015年12月应用IVIG辅助免疫抑制治疗的获得性重型AA住院患儿的临床资料。并根据治疗情况分为低剂量组,IVIG 200~400 mg/(kg·d),每4周一次,连用6次;高剂量组,IVIG 1 g/(kg·d),连用2天,每4周1次,连用6次。结果所有患儿随访至2015年12月31日,61例患儿中41例治疗有效,总有效率为67.2%。高剂量组在抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)治疗后3个月的有效率高于低剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。20例无效患儿IVIG首剂应用距离ATG首剂间隔时间为2.0d(2.0~5.0 d),而41例有效患儿间隔时间为8d(7.0~9.0 d),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001);在20例无效患儿中有18例ATG与IVIG的使用时间间隔7 d。两组生存率分别为80.0%和87.1%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患儿应用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)后6个月内,高剂量组严重感染的发生率低于低剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。结论应用免疫抑制治疗的获得性重型AA患儿,加用高剂量IVIG辅助治疗可使早期反应率增加,但并未增加其远期有效率、治愈率及5年生存率;可减少严重感染率,但未能减少总感染率及感染相关死亡率。     

轻型再生障碍性贫血43例疗效分析

目的分析轻型再生障碍性贫血(MAA)患儿的转归。方法回顾性分析1996年1月-2009年1月在我院治疗的43例MAA患儿的临床资料。所有患儿诊断后均按照患儿家长意愿选择以下三种治疗方案中的一种:中药组(Ⅰ组,3例):只接受中药治疗;雄激素+中药组(Ⅱ组,10例):接受中药联合康力龙[0.1 mg/(kg.d)]治疗;环孢菌素A+雄激素+中药(Ⅲ组,30例):接受环孢菌素A、康力龙[0.1 mg/(kg.d)]及中药治疗。中位随访时间为42个月(5～116个月)。结果在随访时间内,Ⅰ组3例患儿中仅有1例获得部分缓解,1例在随访73个月时进展为重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA),1例无效;Ⅱ组10例患儿中有3例(30%)获得部分缓解,其余7例(70%)均无效,无一例进展为SAA;Ⅲ组30例患儿中有9例(30%)获得完全缓解,5例(17%)获得部分缓解,1例(3%)在随访至11个月时进展为SAA,其余15例(50%)无效。结论早期给予干预的MAA患儿进展为SAA比率较低。     

环胞菌素A治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血疗效研究

探讨环胞菌素 A(CSA)治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血 (再障 )的方法 ,疗效和疗效相关因素。方法 :应用 CSA对 34例儿童再障行免疫抑制治疗 (IS) ;部分重型再障(SAA)加用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 (ATG)或大剂量免疫球蛋白 (HDIG) ,均以雄性激素作为辅助治疗。结果 :基本治愈 4例 ,缓解 1 1例 ,明显进步 8例 ,总有效率为 6 7.6 5 % ;其中 2 9例 SAA总有效率为 6 5 .5 2 % ,1 8例慢性重型再障 (SAA- )有效率为5 5 .5 6 % ;1 1例急性再障 (SAA- )总有效率达 81 .82 % ,单项资料对比分析结果显示SAA的年龄 ,性别和治疗前外周血象等因素与 CSA有效率无关 ;但病程较短者 (<1 2个月 )有效率较高 ;CSA与 ATG等行联合 IS则有效率可明显提高。结论 :CSA为治疗儿童再障的有效方法之一 ,SAA拟选用联合 IS,雄性激素为 CSA的有效辅助治疗     

儿童重型再生障碍性贫血预后分析：附２３例报告

近年来由于环孢霉素A(CsA)、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)、静脉用丙种球蛋白及细胞造血因子等药物的广泛应用,重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)疗效有了很大提高,预后明显改善,但是仍有部分SAA对治疗反应差,而最终死于严重感染和出血。为了进一步认识SAA预后与临床之间的关系,对23例SAA患儿进行1年～3年随访观察,并对资料进行回顾性分析,现报告如下。     

免疫抑制治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血54例疗效分析

目的 探讨免疫抑制治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血（severe aplasia anemia,SAA）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院1997年1月—2003年6月儿童重型再生障碍性贫血54例,应用环孢素A（cyclosporine,CSA）和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（antithymie globlin,ATG）为主的免疫抑制治疗,其中应用CSA联合ATG治疗31例（称为CSA联合ATG组）,应用CSA治疗23例（称为CSA组）,比较两组的治疗有效率、复发率、不良反应和无病生存率。结果两组的分型和极重型患者资料具有可比性。CSA联合ATG组和CSA组起效时间平均分别为2．5个月和3．5个月,两组有效率分别为81％（25／31）和52％（12／23）（x^2=4．962,P〈0．05）。治疗有效者共37例,CSA联合ATG组和CSA组的复发率分别为8％（2／25）和50％（6／12）（xc^2=6．143,P〈0．05）。两组患者不良反应的发生率差异无统计学意义。所有患者随访至少1年,CSA联合ATG组和CSA组1年以上生存率分别为81％（25／31）和52％（12／23）;随访超过2年者共47例,CSA联合ATG组和CSA组2年以上生存率分别为74％（20／27）和50％（10／20）（P〈0．01）。结论免疫抑制治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效肯定,而CSA联合ATG治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效更优于单用CSA。     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.