乳腺癌凝集素受体的亲和细胞化学研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌变的细胞与良性细胞之间的区别和可能用于鉴别诊断的指标。方法 用六种凝集素对53例乳腺癌中的癌细胞及癌周正常的上皮进行标记。结果 WGA对乳癌及良性上皮的标记率均较高,PNA乳腺上皮的标记高于对癌细胞的标记,SBA则呈相反结果。恶性度高的硬癌对各种凝集素均呈阴性反应,但用唾液酸酶处理后,对PNA呈强阳性反应,结论 PNA和SBA可能用来进一步探讨细胞癌变机理及用于鉴别乳腺良、恶性肿瘤。     

鼻咽癌发生发展过程中EBER1表达的研究

目的：探讨ＥＢＶ与鼻咽癌发生发展的关系及其病理学意义。方法：应用原位杂交技术检测５０例鼻咽癌石蜡切片组织中ＥＢＥＲ１的表达及分布状况。结果：正常鼻咽粘膜上皮及其单纯性增生、鳞状化生上皮ＥＢＥＲ１表达均阴性,鼻咽癌组织中表达率为９８％（４９／５０）,且在转移灶中不丢失。鼻咽异型增生上皮亦可表达ＥＢＥＲ１阳性信号（１６／２０）,结论：ＥＢＶ与鼻咽癌关系密切,ＥＢＶ可能在鼻咽上皮的恶性转化过程中起重要作用,鼻咽上皮的异型性改变尤其是ＥＢＥＲ１阳性者可认为是癌前病变,随访监测可能有利于早期发现鼻咽癌。     

46例早期胃癌凝集素免疫组化研究

本文收集我科1982年至1993年400多例胃癌切除标本中所有46例早期胃癌病例，选用Con-A、PNA，LCA、DBA五种凝集素采用ABC法对46例早期胃癌进行标记，观察五种凝集素在胃癌组织、癌旁肠化上皮杯状细胞，癌旁不典型增生上皮、正常胃粘膜上皮、胃底腺和幽门腺中的分布，总结出DNA在胃癌组织中分布百分比最高，五种凝集素在癌旁肠化杯状细胞和癌旁不典型增生上皮中的分布没有特异性。     

蕈样肉芽肿凝集素免疫病理研究

作者用生物素-抗生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(ABC)法对17例蕈样肉芽肿(MF)的12种凝集素受体进行了免疫组化观察。10例扁平苔藓(LP)作为对照组。PNA、DBA、SBA、BSA、PSA、SJA 和 UEA—1七种凝集素受体在 MF 及 LP 均未见表达。RCA—1、WGA、Con—A、LcA 及 PHA 在 MF 及 LP 则有表达。结果提示:MF 和 LP 中淋巴细胞凝集素受体表达有所不同;但在分化程度上都处于成熟阶段。     

5种凝集素受体在胃癌及慢性胃炎粘膜组织中的表达

应用streptavidin-gold探针及免疫金—银染色法,观察PHA、DBA、UEA、WGA、ConA5种凝集素受体在胃癌及慢性胃炎粘膜组织中的表达。结果显示,胃癌与慢性胃炎之间,以及不同组织类型胃癌之间的凝集素受体表达存在一定差异,比较这些差异可能有助于胃癌的诊断和组织分型。结果还显示,萎缩性胃炎粘膜组织的PHA受体表达与胃癌相似,提示二者在糖代谢紊乱方面可能有共同之处。     

PHA、PNA、ConA受体在胃癌中分布的研究

我们应用与生物素联接的PHA(Pha scal us vulgaris agglutinin)、PNA.(Peanut agglutinin)和ConA(Conca.navalia ensifomis agglutinin)作为酶标记物对42例各种组织类型的胃癌和41例胃其它良性病变进行了标记,并与正常胃及胚胎胃进行对比研究,探讨PHA、PNA、ConA作为一种新的肿瘤标记物在胃癌诊断中的意义及价值。     

大肠正常粘膜、腺瘤和癌的凝集素受体表达及其价值

 本文应用DBA和PNA凝集素对大肠正常粘膜、腺瘤及癌进行免疫组化研究，结果显示：正常粘膜100%DBA呈强阳性反应，30%PNA呈弱阳性反应．大肠癌32.4%DBA呈弱阳性反应，76.5%PNA呈较强阳性反应．腺瘤凝集素受体表达介于前两者之间，并随腺瘤组织异型程度加重而越近似于大肠癌．本研究表明，DBA受体的丧失和PNA受体的表达为癌性粘液糖蛋白结构的特征性改变，有助于进一步了解大肠癌的生物学特性．检测腺瘤组织PNA受体表达可判断腺瘤癌变危险性，对大肠癌防治有一定价值．     

细胞形态测量和DNA含量与AgNOR计数在鼻咽良恶性病变诊断中的应用

 用图像分析仪对正常鼻咽粘膜上皮10例，单纯增生或化生18例，异型增生或化生20例，鼻咽癌24例进行核形态和DNA含量与核仁组成区嗜银蛋白(A_gNOR简称)计数检测，综合各项测量指标进行多元判别分析，结果发现：正常粘膜上皮，单纯增生和鼻咽癌诊断准确率均为100%，异型增生为85%，提示细胞学定量分析是诊断鼻咽良恶性病变的一种比较可靠的方法。异型增生的细胞核形态、DNA含量和A_gNOR计数测量值的个体差异较大，显示异型增生上皮生物学性质的个体差异。     

《实用癌症杂志》题录索引第1～4卷(1986～1989)

第1～4卷(1 986～1 989)论著及经验交流 颅脑侧脑室内肿瘤(附32例分析)嫌色骷腺瘤(附28例临床分析)老年人颅内肿瘤53例I晦床分析62例脑转移癌临床分沂l 8例脑膜瘤放射治疗分析 彝。咽、喉鼻咽腔钡胶浆X线造影在鼻咽癌诊断和治疗中的作用鼻咽癌放射治疗设野探讨儿童及青少年鼻咽癌(附109例30岁以内鼻咽癌放疗分析)坏死溃疡型鼻咽癌的治疗鼻咽结核与鼻咽癌的鉴别(附鼻咽结核5g例报告)鼻咽癌的X线诊断试评价筛检鼻咽癌的血清VCA—IgA试验女性鼻咽癌放射治疗后孕育初步探讨鼻咽癌肺转移及其顺铂治疗微波热辐射仪检测鼻咽癌的临床研究鼻咽癌…     

磁共振弥散成像在鼻咽癌复发诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权扫描在诊断鼻咽癌复发中的意义。方法 43例经病理检查确诊的鼻咽癌复发患者,分别行磁共振常规及弥散扫描,对比常规磁共振扫描和弥散扫描肿瘤范围,并通过配对t检验比较肿瘤区与正常组织（一般取对侧正常组织或肿瘤组织旁正常组织,避开骨质和血管）弥散系数值（ADC值）差异。结果常规磁共振扫描显示病灶的DWI像同样呈相对高信号,两者病灶范围基本吻合。鼻咽复发病灶ADC值高于正常鼻咽黏膜ADC值（P〈0.0001）。43例患者中31例肿瘤超腔（侵犯咽旁、副鼻窦及颅底等）,鼻咽腔外复发病灶ADC值高于相应正常组织ADC值（P〈0.0001）。结论磁共振弥散扫描有助于判断鼻咽癌是否复发,尤其对无法取得病理诊断的复发鼻咽癌具有重要的助诊意义。     

A Study of Glycoconjugates in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Correlation to Clinical Transformation

Little is known about the glycoconjugate changes in human nasopharyngeal epithelium following neoplastic changes. Glycoconjugate histochemistry (Glycine maximus (SBA), Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSA-II), Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Canavalia ensiformis (ConA)) were performed on the following nasopharyngeal biopsies: 10 adenoid tissues (benign controls), 10 chronic inflammation, 20 squamous metaplasia, 20 undifferentiated carcinoma and 5 squamous cell carcinoma. These results were correlated with the clinical transformations findings. Strong ConA and PNA staining (after neuraminidase treatment (NA)) characterized a subpopulation of squamous metaplasia subjects who later transformed to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Strong ConA and PNA (before and after NA) depicted the majority of undifferentiated carcinoma subjects having local recurrence following irradiation therapy. In squamous metaplasia, ConA and PNA (after NA) staining may serve as a warning sign for neoplastic changes. Strong stainings for ConA and PNA (before and after NA) in undifferentiated carcinoma subjects may predict a risk for local recurrence.     

Lectin histochemistry of the thyroid gland

The authors carried out a histochemical study with lectins (Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I [UEA-I], Triticum vulgaris [WGA], Glycine max [SBA], Dolichos biflorus [DBA], and Arachis hypogaea [PNA]) in different thyroid gland conditions (17 benign nodular goiters, three diffuse hyperplasias, five Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 20 follicular adenomas, 14 well-differentiated papillary carcinomas, five well-differentiated follicular carcinomas, and 30 normal thyroids) in order to determine if specific lectin patterns are developed during neoplastic transformation. The results showed that (1) in normal thyroid glands, the lectin, UEA-I, is able to discriminate between follicular cells and C-cells; (2) pathologic follicular epithelium had an increased expression of UEA-I, SBA, and WGA receptors; (3) no lectin or group of lectins allow a distinction between follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma; (4) when benign and malignant tumors are compared for UEA-I affinity there is a significantly greater frequency of malignant tumour with UEA-I receptor; and (5) although all investigated lectins have shown receptors in endothelial cells at least in one case, the most constant findings have been obtained with UEA-I and WGA. These findings suggest that lectins are not useful in routine diagnostic pathologic examination; however, in particular cases of follicular carcinoma, UEA-I may be a useful tool for the recognition of small vessels invaded by tumoral cells and the demonstration of fucose residues in malignant tumor cells.     

Lectin histochemistry of normal and neoplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium.

The cell surface carbohydrate profile of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal and neoplastic epithelium was evaluated using 9 plant lectins. Three lectins, namely Con A, RCA and WGA, showed a similar pattern and staining intensity from normal epithelium to metaplastic squamous epithelium and nasopharyngeal intraepithelial neoplasia (NPIN). However, a decrease in staining reactivity was observed in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Significant differences in intensity and distribution were seen in UEA and cryptic PNA residue (after neuraminidase pretreatment) from normal nasopharyngeal epithelium to NPIN. Infiltrative undifferentiated carcinomas showed a heterogenous lectin binding pattern and altered intensity of lectin binding in one case of DBA and three cases of PNA (no neuraminidase pretreatment), suggesting a variation in expression of carbohydrate by tumour cells. These results indicate that neoplasia in nasopharyngeal epithelium is associated with alterations in terminal sialic acid, -Fucose residues and -Gal-D-GalNac residues present in the outer parts of glycoconjugates. SBA, VVL and BSL failed to stain any types of epithelia. Desialylation of tissues by preincubation with neuraminidase did not expose DBA, SBA, VVL and BSL binding sites. These findings may be used as a baseline for evaluation of lectin binding in preinvasive and invasive lesions of the nasopharynx.     

Lectin binding affinities of induced pancreatic lesions in the hamster model

We examined the binding pattern of nine lectins to N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine(BOP)-induced pancreatic lesions in Syrian hamsters. These lectinswere Arachis hypogaea(PNA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), GriffoniasimplicifoliaI(GS-I), Helix aspersa(HAA), Helix pomatia (HPA),Sophora japonica (SJA), Ricinus communisI(RCA-I), Triticum vulgaris(WGA) and Ulex europaeus I (UEA-I). All of the lectins reactedin untreated control hamsters to varying intensities with cytoplasmiccomponents of acinar cells. GS-I, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I boundto the basolateral surface and PNA, HAA and HPA to the luminalsurface of these cells. All but GS-I, RCA-I and UEA-I stainedthe cytoplasm of islet cells diffusely. In untreated controlhamsters, some ductal cells bound PNA, HAA and RCA-I, whereasthese cells reacted negatively to the remaining six lectins.Ductular cells did not bind any of the nine lectins. Hyperplasticductal cells in untreated hamsters were reactive with all ninelectins; however the intensity of the reactivity, cellular localizationand extent differed for each lectin. In carcinogen-treated hamsters,the binding pattern of the lectins to acinar and islet cellsdid not differ significantly from that in untreated hamsters,whereas cells of induced ductal and ductular lesions bound eachof the lectins in different patterns and intensities. The reactionof UEA-I to induced lesions was most consistent, specific andstrong, thereby indicating the presence of L-fucose in glycoproteinsproduced by altered cells. Although the binding affinity ofthe lectins to induced hyperplastic lesions differed in botha quantitative and qualitative fashion, all dysplastic and malignantlesions were reactive to each lectin. This result indicatesa heterogeneity in the carbohydrate structure of the glycoproteinsproduced by pancreatic cells during carcinogenicity.     

一种新认识的胃癌癌前病变：人胃粘膜球样异型增生的组织病理学特点

Histopathologic features of globoid dysplasia of human gastric epithelium were described by means of observation of serial paraffin sections of 53 cases of globoid dysplasia. It was divided into three grades according to the architecture and cellular atypia. Penetration of outer layer globoid dysplastic cells through the basement membrane of "double layers structure" appeared in typical globoid dysplasia Grade III and infiltration of globoid dysplastic cells into stroma as well as the formation of incipient focus of signet ring cell carcinoma were described. The twinkling scene of infiltration of the globoid dysplastic cells into lamina propria through the basement membrane and the damage of basement membrane by globoid dysplastic cells were shown by Gordon Sweet's stain. Through the analysis of background lesions of the globoid dysplasia, a conclusion can be made that the globoid dysplasia might be an important precancerous lesion of the signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach.     

Carcinoma-specific Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I binding glycoproteins of human colorectal carcinoma and its relation to carcinoembryonic antigen

Glycoproteins binding to Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) lectin, which recognizes the terminal alpha-L-fucose residue, were analyzed in 18 cases of human colorectal carcinoma by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by the Western blotting method. In the distal large bowel (descending and sigmoid colon and rectum), high-molecular-weight glycoproteins binding to UEA-I existed in carcinoma tissue but not in normal mucosa. In the proximal large bowel (ascending and transverse colon), high-molecular-weight glycoproteins binding to UEA-I were found both in normal mucosa and in carcinoma tissue, whereas those from the carcinoma tissue had an apparently lower molecular weight as compared to the weight of those from the normal mucosa. Thus there is a biochemical difference in UEA-I binding glycoproteins between the normal mucosa and the carcinoma tissue, although in our previous histochemical study no difference was observed in UEA-I binding glycoproteins of the proximal large bowel between the carcinoma tissue and the normal mucosa. Furthermore, carcinoembryonic antigen from the carcinoma tissue was found to have the same electrophoretical mobility as the UEA-I binding glycoproteins.     

应用内镜下碘染色在食管癌高发区进行普查的意义

背景与目的：食管癌的死亡率一直居高不下,主要是由于其早诊率较低。为提高食管癌的早诊率,本研究探讨在我国食管癌高发区应用直接内镜下碘染色进行普查提高食管癌早诊率的可行性。方法：应用直接内镜下碘染色在我国食管癌高发区对3164名高危人群进行3次普查,每个普查对象均在着色区取一块活检组织,且每例可疑病例也均在食管的不着色区取活检组织作病理检查,然后将食管鳞状上皮的着色情况与其对应的病理检查结果进行对照。结果：（1）早期食管癌100％碘染色阳性,染色级别多为I级。早期食管癌检出率为1．6％－4．59％,中晚期食管癌的检出率为0．29％－1．09％,食管癌的早诊率均在75％以上。（2）食管鳞状上皮重度不典型增生95．6碘染色阳性,其中91．3％病例碘染色级别为I和Ⅱ级。食管鳞状上皮重度不典型增生检出率为4．49％－7．68％。（3）中度不典型增生96．6％碘染色阳性,73．3％病变染色级别为Ⅱ和Ⅲ级。（4）92．3％轻度不典型增生碘染色阳性,86．5％病变染色级别为Ⅱ和Ⅲ级。（5）而只有0．9％的炎症和0．4％的正常组织碘染色级别为I和Ⅱ级,正常组织大多数为阴性或Ⅲ级。结论：在食管癌高发区应用直接内镜下碘染色进行普查,对早期食管癌及其癌前病变有较高的检出率。     

鼻咽假复层纤毛柱状上皮核的形态定量学研究

作者采用图象分析仪检测88例鼻咽小淋巴细胞及其中21例鼻咽假复层纤毛柱状上皮、8例异型增生柱状上皮胞核的多个形态定量学参数。经分析比较后认为:(1)假复层纤毛柱状上皮胞核的面积较小淋巴细胞胞核增大一倍左右,而核形状较偏离圆形;(2)假复层纤毛柱状上皮中、表层胞核与基层核比较,其核面积、核圆度增大,而核椭圆形状因子、核规则形状因子没有差异,即各层胞核形状基本一致,各层中大多数胞核(80％以上)的长径与基底膜垂直。上述形态定量学特征为研究发生于鼻咽假复层纤毛柱状上皮的癌前病变提供了正常客观指标。