兔关节软骨细胞的分离培养及生物学特征

目的 探讨兔关节软骨细胞分离培养的方法和生物学特性。方法 从4周龄新西兰白兔关节分离培养软骨细胞，倒置显微镜下观察原代及传代培养的细胞形态学变化，并计数绘制生长曲线。测定细胞冻存复苏后的存活率。用甲苯胺蓝染色和免疫细胞化学法了解葡萄糖胺多糖（GAGs），Ⅱ型胶原的合成情况并鉴定细胞。结果 成功建立体外培养兔关节软骨细胞的实验方法。原代培养的软骨细胞呈多角形，传代3次后出现反分化。形态学、免疫化学染色显示细胞培养3代以内可以保持表型的稳定，冷冻复苏存活率为92％。结论 本文建立的体外培养关节软骨细胞的方法简单可行。体外培养的兔软骨细胞表型能保持3代稳定，具有良好的生物学活性，可用于实验研究，可经深低温冷冻保存。     

胶原-纤维蛋白混合凝胶对关节软骨细胞合成Ⅱ型胶原的影响

目的：以胶原蛋白和人血纤维蛋白混合物为载体在体外进行关节软骨细胞三维立体培养,构建人工软骨组织,研究载体对软骨细胞在其中的表达及合成Ⅱ型胶原的影响。方法：取2周龄的新生兔关节软骨,经消化,将获得的软骨细胞与牛Ⅰ型胶原、人血冻干纤维蛋白原、凝血酶按一定比例混合,制成软骨培养物并在体外培养。培养第3周时,取材进行Masson染色、Ⅱ型胶原寡核苷酸探针原位杂交和Ⅱ型胶原的免疫组化观察。 结果：体外培养3周,培养物内细胞大部分存活, Masson染色形成软骨陷窝,同源性细胞簇出现,细胞周围有蓝色物质环绕存在,原位杂交证实其软骨细胞表达Ⅱ型胶原mRNA,免疫组化证实软骨细胞分泌Ⅱ型胶原。 结论：用胶原蛋白和人血纤维蛋白为载体支架体外培养软骨细胞,可促进关节软骨细胞合成分泌Ⅱ型胶原,Ⅱ型胶原是软骨组织最主要的细胞外基质成分。     

深低温保藏软骨细胞的胶原凝胶立体培养

目的研究经深低温保藏后软骨细胞在胶原凝胶载体中的生长特性。方法取4周新西兰兔关节软骨,经分离成软骨细胞悬液后,置于深低温保藏。2月后,复苏被冻存的软骨细胞,包埋于含小牛血清和DMEM的胶原凝胶中培养,通过组织化学和透射电镜观察进行分析。结果与新鲜软骨相同,经深低温保藏的软骨细胞,复苏后包埋在胶原凝胶中培养7d,见单个的软骨细胞形成增殖的两个或两个以上的同源细胞,细胞周围集聚异染性细胞外基质。结论经深低温保藏的软骨细胞,在胶原凝胶中培养,仍保持了分裂增殖和合成细胞外基质的能力,可作为种子细胞,供组织工程修复软骨组织。     

深低温保藏软骨细胞的胶原凝胶立体培养

目的：研究经深低温保藏后软骨细胞在胶原凝胶载体中的生长特性。方法取4周新西兰兔关节软骨,经分离成软骨细胞悬液后,置于深代温保藏。2月后,复苏被冻存的软骨细胞,包埋于含小牛血清和DMEM的胶原凝胶中培养,通过组织化学和透射电镜观察进行分析。结果与新鲜软骨相同,经深低温保藏的软骨细胞,复苏后包埋在胶原凝胶中培养7d,见单个的软骨细胞形成增殖的两个或两个以上的同源细胞,细胞周围集聚异染性细胞外基质。论经深低温保藏的软骨细胞,在胶原凝胶中培养,仍保持了分裂增殖和合成细胞外基质的能力,可作为种子细胞,供维修组组织工程修复软骨组织。     

软骨细胞体外分离培养与鉴定的实验研究

目的探讨兔关节软骨细胞分离、培养和鉴定的方法，建立软骨细胞的体外培养体系。方法4周龄新西兰白兔采用机械-酶消化法，分离膝关节软骨细胞接种培养以及传代培养．倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态，甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化对细胞进行鉴定。结果成功建立了体外培养软骨细胞的实验方法。原代培养的软骨细胞呈多角形，传代3次后出现反分化。形态学、免疫化学染色显示细胞培养3代以内可以保持表型的稳定。甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性。细胞传至5代后．出现“成纤维细胞样”。结论本研究建立了简单易行的软骨细胞分离、培养方法；初代、第2代、第3代细胞生长良好，适合于实验研究；软骨细胞5代培养后．细胞袁型发生改变。     

退变腰椎软骨终板细胞生物学特征实验研究

目的 通过对人腰椎软骨终板细胞的培养,观察细胞的形态学和生物学性状,探讨影响其生物学行为的因素.方法 取腰椎退变和未退变终板软骨细胞,在加10%灭火胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中培养.建立体外终板软骨细胞培养模型,采取HE染色、绘制细胞生长曲线、Annexin-V/PI法、免疫组织化学染色、real-time PCR等方法,对细胞形态、活力、生长情况、凋亡、及软骨细胞基质合成进检测.结果 软骨终板细胞可以在体外进行培养;终板软骨细胞的生长情况及细胞表型类似关节软骨,有Ⅱ型胶原表达.退变软骨终板较未退变软骨终板活性及增殖能力降低.细胞凋亡增加,Ⅱ型胶原合成减少.结论 体外成功培养了人腰椎终板软骨细胞,并证明了退变软骨终板细胞凋亡增加,而活性降低,基质合成减少.该研究也为进一步研究终板软骨的生物学性状奠定基础.     

利用PLGA细胞支架再生人关节软骨的实验研究

目的：研究人关节软骨细胞在PLCA三维支架上的贴附和生长情况，利用组织工程技术培养工程化关节软骨。方法：制作PLGA三维细胞支架。分离培养成人关节软骨细胞，体外扩增后种植到PLGA支架中。在体外和裸鼠体内分别培养软骨细胞一支架复合物，分期终止培养，进行组织学染色、扫描电镜、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学及cDNA探针原位杂交检测。结果：体外培养发现，软骨细胞支架材料内贴附生长良好，长期培养仍保持软骨细胞特性，棵鼠体内培养8周后可形成软骨样组织。结论：PLGA三维支架适合软骨细胞贴附生长和分泌软骨外基质，可作为软骨组织工程的细胞载体。利用组织工程的方法可获得适于移植的工程化关节软骨。     

地塞米松磷酸钠对兔关节软骨细胞体外培养的影响

目的探讨地塞米松磷酸钠对体外培养兔关节软骨细胞的影响。方法兔关节软骨细胞常规培养后随机分为对照组和实验组,对照组用不合地塞米松磷酸钠的DMEM培养液培养,实验组则分别加入含不同浓度地塞米松磷酸钠的DMEM培养液,应用流式细胞术及免疫细胞化学法检测软骨细胞增殖情况及其合成Ⅱ型胶原能力,并应用透射电子显微镜观察软骨细胞超微结构的变化。结果实验各组软骨细胞进入S期、G2＋M期的细胞比率较对照组软骨细胞减少、进入G0／G1期的细胞比率增加,免疫细胞化学阳性信号的平均灰度值与对照组平均灰度值的差异均有显著性,电镜下见软骨细胞线粒体、粗面内质网数量减少。结论地塞米松磷酸钠可抑制软骨细胞的增殖,可能与抑制关节软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白合的合成能力有关。     

软骨细胞培养过程中细胞反分化的研究

软骨细胞化生与反分化是关节软骨损伤病理及修复过程中的重要现象,本文主要是研究培养软骨细胞的反分化现象。结果显示:(1)培养的软骨细胞有反分化,传至4代时多数细胞由园形变为棱形,硫酸软骨素丧失。(2)反分化为一渐进过程,传代时,以Ⅱ型胶cDNA探针与培养细胞mRNA原位杂交证明细胞内Ⅱ型前胶原渐减少;Ⅲ型胶原单抗荧光染色显示Ⅲ型胶相反渐增多。(3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ型胶原抗体对培养的软骨细胞有抑制合成DNA、粘多糖及胶原的作用。     

bFGF、IGF-Ⅰ对兔关节软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响

目的：研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor，bFGF）、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（insuline-like growth factor-Ⅰ，IGF-Ⅰ）单独及联合应用对体外培养多次传代的兔关节软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响。探讨传代多次的软骨细胞作为软骨组织工程种子细胞的可行性。方法：第3、5、7代体外培养的兔关节软骨细胞，以常规培养组作为对照组，bFGF（5ns／m1）或和IGF-Ⅰ（100ng/ml）单独刺激及联合刺激作为实验组，免疫组化法测定Ⅱ型胶原的定性表达，并通过图像分析作半定量分析。结果：对照组细胞第5代以后无阳性表达。第3、5、7代细胞在bFGF或IGF-Ⅰ刺激下。Ⅱ型胶原表达强度显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；bFGF和IGF-Ⅰ联合作用下，Ⅱ型胶原表达强度均显著高于单独以bFGF或IGF-Ⅰ刺激组（P〈0．05）。结论：bFGF、IGF-Ⅰ能促进多次传代软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达，且联合应用时促进作用更为明显。多次传代软骨细胞在生长因子刺激下，仍有再分化的能力。而有成为软骨组织工程种子细胞的可能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.