硫化氢对大鼠离体结肠平滑肌细胞作用的研究

目的：研究硫化氢（H2S）对结肠平滑肌细胞舒缩作用的影响及其作用机制。方法：制备大鼠离体的结肠平滑肌细胞,观察NaSH（H2S供体）的舒张效应及其他工具药对该舒张效应的影响。结果：（1）1×10^-5mol／L、1×10^-4mol／LNaSH分别可使结肠平滑肌细胞舒张11．49％、20．57％。（2）ATP敏感钾离子通道（KATP通道）阻滞剂格列本脲能减弱NaSH的细胞舒张作用,但不能完全阻断。（3）KATP通道开放剂吡那地尔也可产生细胞舒张作用。结论：H2S可以使离体单个结肠平滑肌细胞产生舒张作用;激活KATP通道可能是其作用机制之一。     

白藜芦醇抗喘活性及机制研究

目的观察白藜芦醇对豚鼠在体和离体气管平滑肌的松弛作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法建立豚鼠哮喘模型,采用豚鼠离体气管条法,观察白藜芦醇对豚鼠气管平滑肌的舒张作用。结果白藜芦醇可显著延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期,对乙酰胆碱、氯化钾、组胺诱发的气管收缩有明显的舒张作用;吲哚美辛和格列本脲预孵育明显减少了白藜芦醇对离体气管条的舒张作用。结论白藜芦醇具有平喘和明显的舒张气管平滑肌的作用,其机制可能与钙拮抗、促进前列腺素合成和激活ATP敏感性钾离子通道有关。     

芩夏止哮颗粒对豚鼠支气管平滑肌的影响及平喘作用

通过离体和整体实验 ,观察芩夏止哮颗粒对以组胺和乙酰胆碱引起正常豚鼠支气管收缩和以卵蛋白诱发的致敏豚鼠支气管收缩的影响。离体实验 ,芩夏止哮颗粒 2～ 8g/L对组胺致正常豚鼠气管条收缩有明显解痉作用 ,并具明显的量效关系。芩夏止哮颗粒对正常豚鼠气管条则也有松弛作用。离体实验结果还表明芩夏止哮颗粒能松弛致敏豚鼠回肠平滑肌。整体实验 ,芩夏止哮颗粒 ,可显著延长药物引喘和卵蛋白气雾吸入引喘所致豚鼠抽搐的潜伏期。芩夏止哮颗粒能拮抗组胺刺激引起的正常豚鼠和卵蛋白引起的致敏豚鼠离体气管片的收缩 ,抑制致敏豚鼠哮喘的发生     

牛磺酸对大鼠离体气管平滑肌舒张作用及机制的研究

目的研究牛磺酸（Tau）对大鼠离体气管平滑肌的作用及可能机制。方法观察牛磺酸对高钾预收缩大鼠离体气管环的作用,通过工具药观察牛磺酸对气管环作用的可能机制。经Powedab生物信号测定系统记录气管环张力。结果①牛磺酸【（10～80）mmol／L】对高钾（30mmol／L）诱发的大鼠离体气管环收缩有舒张作用,且呈浓度依赖性,最大舒张率为（50．22±18．30）％。②牛磺酸舒张大鼠气管平滑肌的作用可被K、Ca通道抑制剂四乙胺（10mmol／L）和KATP通道抑制剂格列苯脲（10μmol／L）显著减弱,而KIR通道抑制剂氯化钡（1mmol／L）和KV通道抑制剂4-氨基吡啶（1mmol／L）对此则无显著影响。（3）L—NAME（1mmol／L）、Pino（10μmol／L）、Indo（10μmol／L）对牛磺酸舒张大鼠离体气管环无明显影响。结论牛磺酸可舒张大鼠离体气管平滑肌．且舒张作用呈浓度依赖性。其舒张作用与一氧化氮、前列环素和β受体无关,可能与激活KATP通道和K、Ca通道有关。     

M2受体对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响

目的研究选择性M2受体阻断剂(MET)对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响和M2受体在功能性拮抗中的作用.方法将自手术病人所得的离体支气管段随机分若干组(n=8),用电生理的方法测得不同浓度乙酰胆碱(ACh,1、10、100μmol/L)对人离体支气管平滑肌的收缩作用和对β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素药理效应的功能性拮抗.相同方法和条件下,用选择性M2受体阻断剂MET(0.1～1.0μmol/L)或/和选择性和选择性M3受体阻断剂4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)预处理人离体支气管后,观察实验结果.结果不同剂量ACh使得异丙肾上腺素量-效曲线右移.ACh 100μmol/L时,异丙肾上腺素效能强度下降33倍(-logEC50=-1.49±0.16),Emax下降30%.MET阻断上述胆碱能功能拮抗现象,对组织胺引起的没有作用.另外,在人离体支气管平滑肌M3受体被4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)完全乙酰化的情况下,MET同样阻断ACh对异丙肾上腺素效应的功能拮抗作用.结论M2受体的激活可间接引起人支气管平滑肌的收缩,降低β受体效应,产生胆碱能功能性拮抗现象.     

M2受体对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响

目的研究选择性M2受体阻断剂(MET)对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响和M2受体在功能性拮抗中的作用.方法将自手术病人所得的离体支气管段随机分若干组(n=8),用电生理的方法测得不同浓度乙酰胆碱(ACh,1、10、100μmol/L)对人离体支气管平滑肌的收缩作用和对β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素药理效应的功能性拮抗.相同方法和条件下,用选择性M2受体阻断剂MET(0.1～1.0μmol/L)或/和选择性和选择性M3受体阻断剂4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)预处理人离体支气管后,观察实验结果.结果不同剂量ACh使得异丙肾上腺素量-效曲线右移.ACh 100μmol/L时,异丙肾上腺素效能强度下降33倍(-logEC50=-1.49±0.16),Emax下降30%.MET阻断上述胆碱能功能拮抗现象,对组织胺引起的没有作用.另外,在人离体支气管平滑肌M3受体被4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)完全乙酰化的情况下,MET同样阻断ACh对异丙肾上腺素效应的功能拮抗作用.结论M2受体的激活可间接引起人支气管平滑肌的收缩,降低β受体效应,产生胆碱能功能性拮抗现象.     

萘甲异喹对离体豚鼠回肠平滑肌的作用

研究萘甲异喹（ＮＩ）对离体豚鼠回肠平滑肌的作用。ＮＩ（１０、３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可明显抑制离体豚鼠回肠的自发性收缩，能拮抗组胺、乙酰胆碱和５－羟色胺对回肠的收缩效应，表现为非竞争性拮抗，其ｐＤ＇２分别为５．３６±０．４９、４．７４±０．３２和４．８１±０．５１。ＮＩ（１０、３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）尚能抑制ＣａＣｌ２和ＢａＣｌ２引起的离体豚鼠回肠收缩，并可抑制组胺引起肠组织内Ｃａ２＋浓度升高。结果提示：ＮＩ能抑制肠平滑肌细胞外Ｃａ２＋内流及细胞内Ｃａ２＋释放引起的平滑肌收缩，可能是一非特异性钙拮抗剂。     

荭草苷对离体家兔主动脉平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制

目的：研究荭草苷对离体家兔主动脉平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制。方法：采用离体主动脉平滑肌条浴槽实验方法，在内皮完整的动脉环中预先给予N^G-L-硝基精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）、吲哚美辛、普蔡洛尔、四乙胺和观察荭草苷时平滑肌的舒张作用；并观察其时内皮细胞产生NO及时主动脉内cAMP及cGMP含量的影响。时于去内皮的血管争观察不同浓度荭草苷时去甲肾上腺素、CaCl2和KCl的量效曲线的影响及时苯肾上腺素引起的快速收缩及依赖性收缩反应的影响。结果：荭草苷对离体家兔主动脉平滑肌具有舒张作用，时内皮完整标本的舒张作用明显大于去内皮标本，IC50分别为5．2μmol／L和5．7μmol／L，其舒张血管作用部分通过NO-cGMP途径；荭草苷非竞争性抑制了去甲肾上腺素、CaCl2和KCl引起的去内皮血管收缩，并对苯肾上腺素引起的快速收缩及依赖性收缩反应均有抑制作用。结论：荭草苷时离体主动脉平滑肌的舒张作用与内皮有关，而与环氧化酶途径、β受体和钾离子通道无关。荭草苷抑制了血管平滑肌受体依赖性Ca^2＋通道及电压依赖性Ca^2＋通道，其抑制血管平滑肌依内钙与依外钙性收缩可能是荭草苷舒张血管平滑肌的主要机制。     

1，6－二磷酸果糖对抗原诱发致敏豚鼠气管条和肺条收缩的舒张作用

研究１，６－二磷酸果糖（ＦＤＰ）的支气管扩张作用。用致敏豚鼠气管条和肺条的离体实验方法观察ＦＤＰ的作用。结果：ＦＤＰ引起了气管条和肺条的剂量依赖性松弛效应，３０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＦＤＰ分别减少了它们的张力４０８．８±２３．９ｍｇ和２０７．５±１８．７ｍｇ，卵蛋白迅速收缩了致敏豚鼠的气管条和肺条，张力分别达５４５±７３．９ｍｇ和２８５±３２．２ｍｇ，不同剂量的ＦＤＰ（１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１至３０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对抗原诱发的气管条和肺条收缩产生了剂量依赖性逆转作用。结论：ＦＤＰ可明显对抗抗原诱发的致敏豚鼠气管和支气管平滑肌收缩作用。     

灯盏花素对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用

采用雄性大鼠胸主动脉环，研究灯盏花素舒张血管的机制。结果表明，灯盏花素（1×10－6mol／L～1×10－3mol／L）对去甲肾上腺素（1×10－6mol／L）的收缩反应呈剂量依赖性的松弛作用，与内皮无关，也不受普萘洛尔（1×10－6mol／L）所影响。灯盏花素能拮抗去甲肾上腺素诱发的依外钙与依内钙的双相反应，而且对后者的抑制作用较强。揭示灯盏花素诱发血管舒张可能与受体操纵性钙通道和细胞内Ca2 释放的抑制有关。灯盏花素作用后不同时间未引起肌条cAMP、cGMP含量的规律性改变。在高钾所致的主动脉环收缩反应中，灯盏花素在正常的Kred's液中表现出兴奋作用，不受酚妥拉明（1×10－5mol／L）影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.