Essex-Lopresti损伤治疗

EssexLopresti损伤包括桡骨头骨折、尺桡远侧关节分离和骨间膜撕裂,导致前臂活动障碍和纵向不稳定。Essex-Lopresti损伤发病率极低,容易漏诊而未予处置,使患肢功能受损;治疗不充分也会使前臂急性不稳定变成更为复杂的陈旧性纵向不稳定。及时诊断有赖于对此类损伤的充分了解和详尽的物理、超声及放射线检查。急性期损伤治疗旨在防止桡骨向近侧移位,需要正确处理桡骨头骨折,避免桡骨头切除,修复三角纤维软骨复合体,损伤的骨间膜重建与否尚有争议;陈旧性损伤处理的中心环节是重建完整的稳定结构,恢复尺桡远侧关节高度,最终恢复前臂尺桡骨之间的正常关系,消除纵向不稳定,方法包括人工桡骨头置换、尺骨截骨短缩、骨间膜中央束重建和三角纤维软骨复合体修复。     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的原因分析及治疗原则

由下至上的纵向暴力极其容易引起桡骨头颈骨折、前臂骨间膜损伤和下尺桡关节脱位,此三联征称之为Essex-Lopresti损伤。笔者于2012年2月收治1例此类患者,现就该损伤的诊断与治疗作进一步阐述。1病例报告男性患者,44岁。因高处坠落伤致右腕、右肘疼痛、活动受限约2 h入院。查体:右肘关节外侧肿胀,桡骨头压痛阳性,可触及骨擦感及异常活动。右前臂旋转功能受限,右腕关节桡偏     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的诊治分析

目的:总结Essex-Lopresti损伤的治疗经验,对比修复前臂骨间膜对近远期前臂功能的影响。方法:2005年1月至2013年12月收治24例Essex-Lopresti损伤患者,其中16例(A组)伴有尺骨干、桡骨干或尺桡骨干双骨折,先行尺骨或桡骨切开复位内固定,同时修复前臂骨间膜,然后再行桡骨小头复位固定和下尺桡关节固定或腕三角纤维复合体修复。8例(B组)不合并尺骨或桡骨骨折仅行桡骨小头复位固定和下尺桡关节固定或腕三角纤维复合体修复。分别于术后2周和2年按Cooney腕关节功能评分表(即改良Green和O’Brien腕关节评分)对腕关节功能进行评定,按Mayo肘关节功能评分表对肘关节功能进行评定。结果:术后2周时,腕关节功能评分A组可4例,差12例;B组可2例,差6例。肘关节评分A组良2例,可8例,差6例;B组良1例,可5例,差2例。术后2年时,A组腕关节功能评分良8例,可6例,差2例;B组良5例,可2例,差1例。肘关节评分A组良8例,可6例,差2例;B组良4例,可3例,差1例。两组术后2周和术后2年的疗效差异无统计学意义。结论:Essex-Lopresti损伤的治疗关键在于恢复尺桡骨的长度和腕、肘关节的动态稳定性,是否修复前臂骨间膜对前臂近远期功能影响无明显区别。     

Essex-Lopresti损伤

Essex-Lopresti损伤是指桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位，是一种比较少见的前臂、腕及肘部同时受累的损伤。Curt等在1946年首先报告了1例急性桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节损伤、桡骨向近端移位的病例。这种损伤十分少见，Levin认为约占所有桡骨头骨折的1％，至今文献中的报道多为个案报告或仅有几例。Essex-Lopresti在1951年较     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的手术治疗方法浅析

目的总结切开复位内固定或人工桡骨头置换治疗Essex-Lopresti损伤的手术方法及疗效。方法2002年11月-2010年10月收治10例Essex-Lopresti损伤患者。男8例,女2例;年龄20～56岁,平均36岁。新鲜闭合骨折8例,受伤至手术时间1 h～2 d;桡骨头骨折按改良的Mason分型:Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型3例。余2例于外院行单纯桡骨头切除,因术后出现腕关节疼痛、前臂纵向不稳分别于伤后1个月和3个月入院。X线片示均有下尺桡关节脱位。桡骨头骨折采用切开复位微型钢板或可吸收螺钉内固定(5例)或人工桡骨头置换(5例)治疗,同时复位并固定下尺桡关节。结果患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。10例均获随访,随访时间7～24个月,平均14.7个月。X线片示术后9～20周骨折均达临床愈合,平均16.3周;无桡骨近端移位,下尺桡关节稳定。术后6个月肘关节功能根据Morrey-Broberg功能评分系统评价获优5例,良3例,可2例;腕关节临床功能根据改良的腕关节临床评分系统评价获优7例,良2例,可1例。患者均无肘关节不稳,关节活动无严重受限;均恢复正常工作生活。结论早期诊断、尽早手术及术后早期功能锻炼对于Essex-Lopresti损伤的治疗尤为重要。     

金属人工桡骨头置换术治疗Essex-Lopresti损伤

目的 随访并报告金属人工桡骨头置换治疗Essex-Lopresti损伤的临床疗效.方法 2009年1月至2011年11月间共有11例Essex-Lopresti损伤患者(Edwards-Jupiter分型Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型9例)在伤后3～7 d(平均4.5d)接受金属人工桡骨头置换治疗,术后随访内容包括影像学检查、Mayo肘关节功能评分、改良Mayo腕关节功能评分,并记录并发症发生情况.结果 11例患者均获随访,平均19个月(12～37个月).Mayo肘关节功能评分为平均82分(55～100分),其中优4例(36.4％),良5例(45.5％),可1例(9.1％),差1例(9.1％),优良率为81.8％；改良Mayo腕关节功能评分为平均92分(65～100分),其中优6例(54.5％),良4例(36.4％),可1例(9.1％),没有差的病例,优良率为91.0％.本组未见神经损伤、假体排异、切口感染等并发症.结论 金属人工桡骨头假体置换治疗Essex-Lopresti损伤的临床效果满意,但手术设计和操作要精确.     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的生物力学研究

目的 探讨Essex-Lopresti损伤的生物力学机制,为诊治Essex-Lopresti损伤提供生物力学依据.方法 取12具成人新鲜冰冻上肢标本予以处理,先将12具标本("完整状态组")分别在旋前位、旋后位及中立位三种状态下把标本夹持固定于MTS 858生物材料试验机上进行力学测试,恒定加载100 N的压力负荷,每种状态持续30 s后减载.随后将12具标本随机分为2组,6具切除桡骨头为"切头留膜组";另6具切断前臂骨间膜(interosseous membrane,IOM)中间腱性部分为"留头切膜组".每组按上述方法进行生物力学测试.最后将所有标本均切除桡骨头并切断IOM("切头切膜组")按上述方法进行生物力学测试.结果 前臂旋转状态或单纯切断IOM对桡骨纵向位移无影响.单纯切除桡骨头或联合切断IOM和切除桡骨头增加了桡骨的纵向位移.前臂中立位时的桡骨刚度比前臂旋前位大,但比前臂旋后位小.单纯切断IOM对桡骨刚度没有影响,单纯切除桡骨头或联合切断IOM和切除桡骨头则会使桡骨刚度下降.结论 桡骨头骨折合并IOM损伤可能是Essex-Lopresti损伤产生并发症的重要原因,其中桡骨头骨折是Essex-Lopresti损伤主要原因,而IOM损伤是次要原因.桡骨头切除后IOM是维持前臂纵向稳定的主要结构.

Abstract：

Objective To study the biomechanical mechanism of Essex-Lopresti injury, and provide biomechanical basis for diagnosis and treatment of Essex-Lopresti injury. Methods Twelve fresh frozen adult upper limbs were addressed. Firstly, 12 samples ("complete state group") were loaded 100 N of a compressive force lasting 30 seconds in pronation, supination and neutral position on the mechanical testing machine. Secondly, 12 specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the group named resection of radial head, the radial head was removed and interosseous membrane (IOM)was intact. In the group named the section of interosseous membrane, IOM was cut off. Finally, the radial head were removed and IOM was cut off in all specimens. The group was named as resection of radial head and IOM. Each sample was tested according to the method as described. Results The forearm rotation or single excision of the IOM had no effect on radial longitudinal displacement. Simple radial head excision or resection of the IOM and the radial head increased the vertical displacement of the radius. The radial stiffness had a gradual decline in forearm supination, neutral position and pronation. Simple excision IOM has no effect on the radial stiffness. The radial stiffness had decreased under the condition of excision of radial head or resection of the IOM and the radial head. Conclusion These in vitro measurements validate that the radial head fracture with IOM injury may be important reason for complications of the Essex-Lopresti injury. Radial head fracture play a key role for Essex-Lopresti injury and the injury of IOM is secondary cause. IOM is responsible for maintaining the vertical stability of the forearm after radial head resection.     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的治疗(7例报告)

[目的]初步探讨Essex-Lopresti损伤的治疗方法。[方法]从2002年6月～2010年5月,随访本院收治并进行切开复位内固定手术的Essex-Lopresti损伤患者,随访项目包括肘关节、腕关节体格检查,Broberg&Morrey肘关节评分、Cooney腕关节评分等,分析患者的功能恢复情况。[结果]术后随访24～46个月[(35.75±8.5)个月],全部患者肘关节活动度可,无肘关节不稳定和疼痛表现。术后Broberg&Morrey肘关节评分为76～96.5分[(87.3±7.9)分],其中优3例,良4例,可1例。7例患者腕关节活动度可,1例患者腕关节活动度差,所有患者腕关节均没有明显的疼痛。Cooney腕关节评分为75～95分[(84.4±8.2)分],其中优2例,良5例,可1例。[结论]对于Essex-Lopresti损伤,治疗原则是重建桡骨长度,同时复位并稳定下尺桡关节。尽可能早期对桡骨头骨折进行切开复位内固定术,或一期人工金属桡骨头假体置换,并重视对三角纤维软骨复合体的探查和修复。     

Essex-Lopresti损伤的生物力学研究

目的 探讨Essex-Lopresti损伤的生物力学机制,为诊治Essex-Lopresti损伤提供生物力学依据.方法 取12具成人新鲜冰冻上肢标本予以处理,先将12具标本("完整状态组")分别在旋前位、旋后位及中立位三种状态下把标本夹持固定于MTS 858生物材料试验机上进行力学测试,恒定加载100 N的压力负荷,每种状态持续30 s后减载.随后将12具标本随机分为2组,6具切除桡骨头为"切头留膜组";另6具切断前臂骨间膜(interosseous membrane,IOM)中间腱性部分为"留头切膜组".每组按上述方法进行生物力学测试.最后将所有标本均切除桡骨头并切断IOM("切头切膜组")按上述方法进行生物力学测试.结果 前臂旋转状态或单纯切断IOM对桡骨纵向位移无影响.单纯切除桡骨头或联合切断IOM和切除桡骨头增加了桡骨的纵向位移.前臂中立位时的桡骨刚度比前臂旋前位大,但比前臂旋后位小.单纯切断IOM对桡骨刚度没有影响,单纯切除桡骨头或联合切断IOM和切除桡骨头则会使桡骨刚度下降.结论 桡骨头骨折合并IOM损伤可能是Essex-Lopresti损伤产生并发症的重要原因,其中桡骨头骨折是Essex-Lopresti损伤主要原因,而IOM损伤是次要原因.桡骨头切除后IOM是维持前臂纵向稳定的主要结构.     

前臂纵向分离的研究进展

前臂纵向分离(longitudinal radioulnar dissociation,LRUD)是指腕部受到轴向暴力,造成桡骨头/颈骨折或脱位合并骨间膜撕裂和下尺桡关节分离的复杂联合损伤,引起前臂纵向不稳定。生物力学研究表明在切除桡骨小头情况下,单纯重建骨间膜仅能减轻桡骨向近侧移位,而恢复LRUD前臂的纵向稳定性需要骨间膜重建与桡骨头金属假体置换联合。LRUD误诊和漏诊率高,MRI和B超是早期检查骨间膜损伤的有效方法。目前治疗强调修复LRUD的所有损伤结构而恢复前臂稳定性,即修复或重建桡骨头、矫正下尺桡关节,同时重建骨间膜。治疗成功与否取决于能否早期诊断。     

急性桡骨头骨折合并桡尺远侧关节脱位的诊断和治疗

目的 研究急性桡骨头骨折合并桡尺远侧关节脱位(Essex-Lopresti损伤)的诊断和治疗特点.方法 自2002年至2009年,我科共诊治了3例Essex-Lopresti损伤的患者.对桡骨头骨折进行固定修复或假体置换,对桡尺远侧关节损伤进行复位和内固定.对3例患者都进行了随访和疗效评估.结果 经过15～48个月的随访,肘关节和腕关节评分系统评定显示术后所有患者的前臂功能恢复效果满意.结论 急性Essex-Lopresti损伤的治疗原则是修复或假体置换桡骨头骨折,同时复位、固定桡尺远侧关节.如桡骨头骨折粉碎严重不能进行内固定,不可以行切除术,否则将导致严重后果.

Abstract：

Objective To study the methods of diagnose and treatment of acute radial head fracture accompanied by distal radioulnar joint dislocation (Essex-Lopresti injury). Methods From 2002 to 2009,3 patients with acute Essex-Lopresti injury were diagnosed and treated in our department. Radial head fractures were treated with fixation repair or radial head prosthesis replacement. Distal radioulnar joint dislocations were treated with reduction and fixation. All three patients were followed-up and the effects were assessed. Results Total time of follow-up ranged from 15 to 48 months. According to the elbow joint and wrist joint scoring systems,results of postoperative functions were satisfactory. Conclusion Acute Essex-Lopresti injuries should be treated with radial head fracture fixation or replacement,and simultaneous reduction and fixation of the dislocated distal radioulnar joint. When fracture of the radial head is too comminuted to be repaired,simple resection of the radial head is not an option since it will result in failure.     

The undiagnosed Essex-Lopresti injury

The Essex-Lopresti injury is rare. It consists of fracture of the head of the radius, rupture of the interosseous membrane and disruption of the distal radioulnar joint. The injury is often missed because attention is directed towards the fracture of the head of the radius. We present a series of 12 patients with a mean age of 44.9 years (26 to 54), 11 of whom were treated surgically at a mean of 4.6 months (1 to 16) after injury and the other after 18 years. They were followed up for a mean of 29.2 months (2 to 69). Ten patients had additional injuries to the forearm or wrist, which made diagnosis more difficult. Replacement of the head of the radius was carried out in ten patients and the Sauve-Kapandji procedure in three. Patients were assessed using standard outcome scores. The mean post-operative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 55 (37 to 83), the mean Morrey Elbow Performance score was 72.2 (39 to 92) and the mean Mayo wrist score was 61.3 (35 to 80). The mean grip strength was 68.5% (39.6% to 91.3%) of the unaffected wrist. Most of the patients (10 of 12) were satisfied with their operation and in 11 the pain was relieved. When treating the chronic Essex-Lopresti injury, we recommend accurate realignment of the radius and ulna and replacement of the head of the radius. If this fails a Sauve-Kapandji procedure to arthrodese the distal radioulnar joint should be undertaken to stabilise the forearm while maintaining mobility.     

桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位损伤误诊误治2例报告

目的：分析桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位(Essex-Lopresti损伤)误诊误治的原因并探讨合理治疗方法。方法：2008年至2009年治疗2例桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位患者,均为男性,年龄分别为56岁、66岁。摔倒致肘部肿胀压痛、前臂旋转受限明显。X线示桡骨小头粉碎性骨折,Mason Ⅲ型1例、Ⅳ型1例。均行桡骨小头切除术,术后常规石膏固定对症处理。结果：2例均出现前臂旋转功能受限明显伴肘关节、下尺桡关节疼痛。X线示下尺桡关节分离明显,桡骨近端移位。结论：Essex-Lopresti损伤早期诊断治疗很重要。在不能有效修复重建骨间膜时,重建桡骨长度的同时对下尺桡关节复位固定是治疗的有效方法。     

The Essex-Lopresti injury: a variation

The Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation consists of a radial head fracture associated with dislocation of the inferior radio-ulnar joint. We report a variation of this injury in which there was an additional fracture through the scalphoid.     

Essex-lopresti损伤1例报告

1 病例简介 1.1 临床资料 女性患者,18岁,因左肘部跌伤后疼痛、活动受限1d人院.查体:头颅五官端正无畸形,心、肺、肝、脾未见异常.专科检查:左肘关节外侧略肿胀,内侧可见面积4.0 cm×5.0 cm的皮下瘀斑,左桡骨小头处压痛明显,左前臂旋转活动受限,左肘关节侧方应力试验阳性.