血小板参数与脑梗死、下肢静脉血栓相关性的探讨

目的:探讨血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)及大血小板比率(P-LCR)与脑梗死、下肢静脉血栓的相关性。方法:测定脑梗死组40例、下肢静脉血栓组28例及健康体检者(正常对照组)40例的PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW及P-LCR值,并进行统计分析。结果:(1)脑梗死组MPV、PDW、P-LCR检测结果分别为:11.3±1.1fl、15.1±2.8fl、(34.9±7.9)%,对照组分别为:10.3±0.8fl、12.6±1.6 fl、(27.8±5.4)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)下肢静脉血栓组MPV、PDW、P-LCR检测结果分别为11.0±1.1fl、14.6±3.3fl、(33.5±8.2)%,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MPV、PDW、P-LCR是脑梗死发生的重要危险因子,也可以作为下肢静脉血栓形成的一个危险因素。     

初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗与血小板参数的相关性研究

目的 探讨初发2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)与血小板参数的相关性.方法 检测90例住院或门诊的初发T2DM患者和90例健康体检者(对照组)的血压、血小板参数[包括血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)和血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)]、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂[三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]等指标.结果 (1)初发T2DM组患者FBG 、TC、TG 、MPV 及 PDW 均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).(2)T2DM患者中,IR组患者FBG、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、TC、TG、MPV及PDW均显著高于非IR组(P＜0.05);T2DM组患者中MPV与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.351,P=0.03);(3)IR组在IR改善后FBG、HOMA-IR 、TG、MPV、PDW较治疗前均显著下降(P＜0.05).结论 初发T2DM患者的血小板活性增强,改善IR可降低血小板活性,对防治糖尿病血管并发症有益.     

2型糖尿病合并亚甲减对微血管并发症的影响

目的 探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者微血管并发症的影响.方法 根据是否合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退将入组的280例T2DM患者分为单纯T2DM组(228例)和糖尿病合并亚临床甲减(SCH)组(52例),并且根据不同促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平将SCH组分为两组,即SCH1组(4.2≤TSH≤10 μIU/ml,45例)和SCH2组(TSH≥10μIU/ml,7例),分析TSH水平与糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变的相关性.结果 SCH组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、TSH水平高于DM组,SCH组DM肾病和视网膜病变的发生率显著高于DM组(P＜0.05),且SCH2组DM肾病和视网膜病变的发生率高于SCH1组(P＜0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示亚临床甲状腺功能减退为T2DM患者糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变的危险因素.结论 T2DM合并亚临床甲减患者其糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变的发生率明显增高,且T2DM合并高水平TSH的患者发生糖尿病微血管并发症的风险更高,提示亚临床甲减是T2DM患者微血管病变独立的危险因素.     

老年慢性心力衰竭严重程度与血小板参数之间的关系

目的研究老年慢性心力衰竭严重程度与血小板参数之间的关系。方法以日本Sysmex公司XE-2100全自动血液分析仪及其配套试剂检测我院58例慢性心力衰竭患者PLT、MPV、PDW、P-LCR、PAC-1、CD62 P、D二聚体(D-D)水平差异以及不同心功能分级心衰者上述指标差异。结果两组PLT比较无统计学意义(P0.05),心衰组MPV、PDW、P-LCR、PAC-1、CD62 P、D-D分别为(18.56±1.15)fl、(18.62±3.18)fl、(0.41±0.21)、(22.69±15.37)%、(30.51±16.39)%、(1.03±0.52)μg/ml与正常组(12.31±1.10)fl、(13.19±2.16)fl、(0.22±0.08)、(10.25±5.36)%、(22.48±9.21)%、(0.51±0.22)μg/ml比较显著较低(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者PLT呈递增趋势,但比较无统计学意义(P0.05),MPV、PDW、P-LCR、PAC-1、CD62 P、D-D随着心功能分级增高呈递增趋势,组间比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血小板参数异常改变可作为老年慢性心力衰竭严重程度的预测因子之一。     

伴SCH的T2DM患者血清APN检测及与并发冠心病的关系

目的探究2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴亚临床甲状腺功能减退(SCH)患者中血清脂联素(APN)的表达及与患者并发冠心病(CHD)的关系。方法选取核工业四一七医院2018年1月-2020年1月收治的60例单纯T2DM患者,35例T2DM合并SCH患者,另选择同期体检的50名健康志愿者作为对照组,对比三组临床指标,并比较单纯T2DM患者与T2DM患者冠心病发病率及T2DM合并SCH患者发生CHD后不同冠状病变支数APN水平,Pearson检验分析APN与各临床指标的相关性。结果对照组、单纯T2DM组及T2DM合并SCH组年龄、性别及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、IMT、Hcy、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、APN与单纯T2DM组及T2DM合并SCH组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。单纯T2DM组患者CHD的并发率为23.3%(14/60),显著低于T2DM合并SCH的45.7%(16/35),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T2DM合并SCH不同冠状病变支数患者比较显示,冠状病变支数越多,APN水平越低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。APN与TSH、IMT、Hcy存在负相关性,与T2DM合并CHD患者冠状动脉病变支数同样存在负相关性(P0.05),与FPG、HbA1c、BMI、WHR、LDL-C、HDL-C、TGAb、TPOAb、FT3、FT4无相关性(P0.05)。结论血清APN不仅与T2DM患者发生SCH有关,还与T2DM合并SCH患者血糖、血脂水平异常及并发冠心病存在相关性。     

合并亚临床甲减的2型糖尿病患者临床及生化特征分析

目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制及代谢指标的影响.方法纳入住院的T2DM患者973例,测量身高、体重、血压,计算BMI;完善HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、尿酸及甲状腺功能(TSH、TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3)检查.纳入的T2DM患者中筛查出合并SCH者148例(SCH组),在甲状腺功能正常的T2DM患者中选取性别、年龄及糖尿病病程相匹配的152例作为对照组(NSCH组).结果 (1)T2DM合并SCH的患病率为15.3%;(2)与NSCH组相比,SCH组超重/肥胖者比例(54.1%vs 35.5%,P<0.01)及高血压者比例(64.9%vs 52%,P<0.05)显著增高.两组间在HbA1c达标、高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL血症、高LDL血症及高尿酸血症者比例无显著差异.结论 SCH对T2DM患者的血压、体重指数等代谢指标可能存在不良影响.     

T2DM合并甲亢患者糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗临床特征

目的 分析2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)患者糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗临床特点及其相关性。方法 选取T2DM合并甲亢患者77例作为观察组,并选取同期单纯T2DM患者80例作为对照组。比较2组患者血糖代谢、血脂代谢水平、胰岛素抵抗情况及甲状腺功能,分析甲状腺激素与糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的相关性。结果 观察组患者空腹血糖(FPG)(8.37±0.89) mmol·L^-1、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)(12.69±1.92)mmol·L^-1、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)(10.21±1.83)%及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)(2.77±0.83)水平,高于对照组的(7.10±0.65)mmol·L-1、(11.37±1.35)mmol·L^-1、(8.78±1.22)%及(2.28±0.76);观察组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均低于对照组;观察组患者游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT₃)及游离甲...     

182例冠心病患者血小板检测结果分析

目的:探讨冠心病患者静脉血血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、血小板压积(PCT)的变化规律及其临床意义。方法:受试者399例分三组,其中心绞痛组126例、心肌梗塞组56例、健康对照组217例,用Sysmex2100型全自动血细胞分析仪对所有受试者静脉血PLT、MPV、PDW、P-LCR、PCT进行测定。结果:与对照组比较,心绞痛组与心肌梗死组PLT减少,MPV、PDW、P-LCR均升高,差异有极显著统计学意义(P<0.01),心肌梗死组PCT降低(P<0.01);与心绞痛组比较,心肌梗死组PLT降低,MPV升高,且有极显著统计学意义(P<0.01),P-LCR升高、PCT降低,有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:冠心病病情发展活动过程中MPV、PDW、P-LCR呈渐增大趋势,PLT呈渐降低趋势;临床上对具备冠心病高危因素或冠心病确诊者应积极监测外周血小板的数量及参数,特别是MPV可作为冠心病病情预估与预后判断的重要指标,MPV增高的患者,可适当给予预防性抗血小板治疗。     

大型血小板比率与2型糖尿病并发缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的:探讨大型血小板比率(platelet-large cell rate,P-LCR)与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)并发缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法:选取66例T2DM并发缺血性脑卒中患者作为试验组,67例单纯T2DM患者作为对照组。比较两组一般资料及外周血中血小板4项参数,通过多因素Logistic回归分析评价影响T2DM并发缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结果:两组患者年龄、收缩压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血小板平均体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)、血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW)及P-LCR比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);而血小板计数(platelet count,PLT)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。P-LCR与MPV、PDW明显正相关(r=0.67,P<0.05;r=0.63,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、P-LCR、收缩压及糖化血红蛋白是T2DM并发缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论:T2DM并发缺血性脑卒中患者P-LCR显著增加,可作为评估T2DM发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。     

亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症与糖尿病肾病及心血管疾病发生的相关性分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)中亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)患者的实验室指标,并进一步分析SCH与糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)及心血管疾病发生的相关性.方法 选取2017年4月至2019年11月北京市第六医院收治的857例T2DM患者,收集其临床资料,包括年龄、吸烟史、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2-hour postprandial blood glucose,2hPG)、糖尿病病程、TG、TC和高血压史等.按照患者甲状腺功能将其分为T2DM组(712例)和SCH组(145例),比较两组随访1年内的心血管疾病、DKD发生情况,及其实验室指标、超声心动图指标,采用多因素logistic回归分析SCH与DKD及心血管疾病发生的相关性.结果 SCH组年龄、吸烟史、FPG、2hPG、糖尿病病程、TG、TC与T2DM组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);SCH组男性患者比例显著低于T2DM组(51.7％比60.7％),而高血压患者比例高于T2DM组(55.9％比31.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SCH组E峰与A峰比值(E/A)[(0.8±0.7)比(1.0±0.8)]、踝肱指数[(ankle brachial index,ABI,(0.8±0.3)比(0.9±0.2)]、甲状腺球蛋白抗体[thyroglobulin antibody,TG-Ab,(85.9±65.5) kU/L比(35.1±40.4) kU/L]、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体[thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPO-Ab,(388.4±182.7) kU/L比(72.2±34.5) kU/L]、血清促甲状腺激素[(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH,(5.9±3.0) mIU/L比(2.1±1.7) mIU/L]、游离甲状腺素[free thyroxine,FT4,(16.1±2.2) pmol/L比(16.8±2.5) pmol/L]、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸[free triiodthyronine,FT3,(4.3±0.0)pmol/L比(4.1±0.0)pmol/L]、超敏C反应蛋白[hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs--CRP,(5.4±3.6) mg/L比(3.5±2.7) mg/L]、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率[24 h urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER,(117.4±45.8) mg/24h比(64.2±30.5) mg/24 h]、LDL-C[(3.5±0.7) mmol/L比(2.7±0.5) mtmol/L]、糖化血红蛋白[glycated hemoglobin,HbAlc,(9.1±2.2)％比(9.7±1.4)％]与T2DM组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而两组左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular shortening rate,LVFS)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、BUN、SCr和FPG比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访1年期间,SCH组DKD与心血管疾病发生率均高于T2DM组(36.6％比21.8％,28.3％比16.0％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病病程、TSH是引起DKD发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.1742,95％CI:1.0661～1.2802;OR=1.1341,95％CI:1.0417～1.2374,P＜0.05),TSH与T2DM心血管疾病发生呈强相关性(OR=4.3674,95％CI:1.4673～ 13.2457,P＜0.05).结论 SCH在DKD发生中起重要作用,是引起T2DM发生心血管疾病的独立危险因素,同时T2DM患者TSH水平异常,可能增加心血管疾病发生风险.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.