真核细胞翻译起始因子-4E在食管癌变过程中的表达变化及意义

目的研究真核细胞翻译起始因子-4E(e IF-4E)在正常食管上皮及不同食管病变组织中的表达及其与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的关系。方法从新乡医学院第一附属医院病理科2014年3月至2016年3月胃镜活组织检查存档标本中选取正常食管断端30例、非典型增生32例、原位癌20例和浸润癌117例。采用免疫组织化学法检测e IF-4E、VEGF在各种食管组织中的表达,并分析二者之间的相关性。结果正常食管上皮、非典型增生、原位癌和浸润癌组织中e IF-4E阳性表达率分别为0.0%(0/30)、9.4%(3/32)、45.0%(9/20)和80.3%(94/117)。正常食管上皮与非典型增生组织中e IF-4E阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);其余各组织之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。117例浸润癌组织中,发生转移和未发生转移癌组织中e IF-4E阳性表达率分别为93.2%(55/59)、67.2%(39/58),发生转移癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于未发生转移癌组织(P<0.05);浸润至浅肌层、深肌层和外膜的癌组织中e IF-4E阳性表达率分别为70.0%(28/40)、73.8%(31/42)、100.0%(35/35),浸润至浅肌层与深肌层的癌组织中e IF-4E阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),浸润至浅肌层和深肌层的食管癌组织中e IF-4E阳性表达率明显低于浸润至外膜的食管癌组织(P<0.05)。食管浸润癌组织中e IF-4E表达与VEGF表达呈正相关(χ~2=51.460,P<0.05)。结论 e IF-4E在正常食管上皮癌变及癌变后的浸润与转移中发挥着重要作用;e IF-4E在食管癌组织中的表达与VEGF有相关性。     

榄香烯对人涎腺腺样囊性癌SACC-83细胞eIF4E及VEGF表达影响的研究

目的探讨β-榄香烯对体外培养的人涎腺腺样囊性癌SACC-83细胞中真核细胞翻译启始因子(eIF4E)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达的影响。方法将SACC-83细胞复苏培养24 h后分为6组:空白对照组,榄香烯60 mg/L、80 mg/L、100 mg/L、120 mg/L组,顺铂组,采用免疫细胞化学方法检测各组不同时点(12 h、24 h、48 h)SACC-83细胞中eIF4E和VEGF蛋白表达水平。结果β-榄香烯各组和顺铂组各时点与对照组比较,均下调人涎腺腺样囊性癌SACC-83细胞中eIF4E及VEGF蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),且均有时间、剂量依赖性。100 mgg/L、120 mg/L榄香烯组对SACC-83细胞中eIF4E及VEGF蛋白下调水平低于顺铂组(P<0.05)。结论β-榄香烯通过抑制SACC-83细胞的生长,遏制了肿瘤血管、淋巴管转移,为肿瘤靶向治疗提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

非小细胞肺癌中半乳凝素1的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中半乳凝素1(Gal-1)mRNA及蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法采用RT-PCR、蛋白质印迹技术分别检测35例NSCLC患者的癌组织、癌旁组织及远处正常肺组织(距癌组织边缘大于5cm)中Gal-1mR-NA及蛋白表达情况。结果 NSCLC患者癌组织、癌旁组织以及有淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者正常肺组织中,Gal-1mRNA的表达水平均明显高于无淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者正常肺组织(P<0.05);NSCLC患者癌组织、癌旁组织以及有淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者正常肺组织中,Gal-1蛋白表达水平明显高于无淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者正常肺组织(P<0.05);NSCLC患者癌组织中Gal-1mRNA的表达与患者TNM分期及分化程度密切相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄、病理组织类型无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论 Gal-1表达与NSCLC的发生、发展、侵袭转移密切相关,可作为一个潜在的NSCLC发病与转移的观察指标。     

榄香烯对SACC-83细胞真核细胞翻译启始因子表达的影响

目的:研究β-榄香烯对体外培养的人涎腺腺样囊性癌SACC-83细胞中真核细胞翻译启始因子(eIF4E)蛋白表达的影响.方法:将SACC-83细胞分组培养,榄香烯1~4组培养液中分别加入200 μL终浓度为60、80、100、120 mg/L的榄香烯注射液,空白对照组不加任何药物,阳性对照组加入顺铂(终浓度为3 mg/L).培养12、24、48 h,光镜下观察细胞形态,采用免疫细胞化学方法检测细胞中eIF4E蛋白.结果:空白对照组SACC-83细胞生长、贴壁正常,胞质饱满均质透明,核浆比例大;榄香烯1~4组SACC-83 细胞贴壁能力下降,体积变小变圆,胞膜皱褶,核浆比例减小,核边聚伴有碎裂.与空白对照组比较,榄香烯各组SACC-83 细胞eIF4E蛋白表达水平较低(P均<0.05).榄香烯1~4组SACC-83 细胞eIF4E蛋白表达水平依次降低(P均<0.05),且随培养时间的延长eIF4E蛋白表达水平降低(P均<0.05).结论:β-榄香烯可能通过下调SACC-83 细胞eIF蛋白的表达,促进细胞凋亡,从而抑制其生长.     

程序性死亡受体配体1和E3泛素连接酶Cbl-b在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨程序性死亡受体配体1(PD-L1)和E3泛素连接酶Cbl-b蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及临床意义。方法选取2004年7月至2009年6月河南省肿瘤医院保存的NSCLC组织标本及癌旁组织标本各165例,制作组织切片。采用免疫组织化学方法检测NSCLC组织中PD-L1和Cbl-b蛋白表达,并分析NSCLC组织中PD-L1与Cbl-b蛋白表达的关系,以及PD-L1、Cbl-b蛋白表达与NSCLC患者预后的关系。结果 NSCLC组织中PD-L1和Cbl-b阳性表达率分别为72. 73%(120/165)、38. 79%(64/165),癌旁组织中PD-L1和Cbl-b阳性表达率均为7. 88%(13/165); NSCLC组织中PD-L1和Cbl-b阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织(χ~2=5. 292、3. 076,P <0. 05)。PD-L1蛋白表达与NSCLC患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、阳性淋巴结数、病理类型及病理分级无关(P> 0. 05)。Cbl-b蛋白表达与NSCLC患者的性别及肿瘤病理类型有关(P <0. 05),与患者的年龄、肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、阳性淋巴结数及病理分级无关(P> 0. 05)。NSCLC组织中PD-L1和Cbl-b蛋白表达呈直线关系(R2=0. 075,P <0. 01),其模型为y=21. 464 93+0. 532 65x。PD-L1蛋白高表达和低表达NSCLC患者的中位总生存期(OS)分别为45. 0、52. 0个月,PD-L1蛋白高表达与低表达NSCLC患者的中位OS比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。75例鳞状细胞癌患者中,PD-L1蛋白高表达和低表达患者的中位OS分别为45. 0、81. 0个月,PD-L1蛋白高表达的鳞状细胞癌患者的中位OS显著短于低表达患者(P <0. 05)。90例腺癌患者中,PD-L1高表达和低表达患者的中位OS分别为50. 0、39. 0个月,PD-L1高表达与低表达腺癌患者的中位OS比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。Cbl-b蛋白高表达和低表达NSCLC患者的中位OS分别为39. 0、54. 5个月,Cbl-b蛋白高表达患者的中位OS显著短于低表达患者(P <0. 05)。结论 Cbl-b和PD-L1蛋白在NSCLC组织中均呈高表达。PD-L1与Cbl-b蛋白表达呈直线相关。Cbl-b蛋白表达情况与NSCLC患者的性别、病理类型及OS有关。PD-L1蛋白表达与鳞状细胞癌患者的生存期有相关性,但PD-L1蛋白表达与腺癌患者的生存期无相关性。     

Delta样配体4和血管内皮生长因子在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:检测Delta样配体4(DLL4)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)及癌旁正常组织中的表达,分析其与NSCLC临床病理参数的关系及两者表达的相关性,探讨它们在NSCLC发生发展中的作用。方法:应用免疫组织化学EliVision法检测73例NSCLC组织标本中DLL4和VEGF表达,以32例NSCLC癌旁正常组织作对照。结果:DLL4、VEGF在NSCLC组织中的表达均明显高于癌旁正常组织中的表达(P0.01);在NSCLC组织中,不同TNM分期、淋巴结转移(DLL4除外)和分化程度,DLL4、VEGF的阳性表达差异均有统计学意义(P0.05～P0.01),而在性别、年龄和组织学类型间其阳性表达差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);DLL4和VEGF在NSCLC组织表达呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:DLL4、VEGF高表达可能相互作用,共同促进NSCLC的浸润转移,从而影响患者预后,DLL4、VEGF可能为NSCLC的靶向治疗提供新方法。     

ERCC1和BRCA1基因在非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗患者预后中的作用

目的：探讨切除修复交叉互补基因1（excision repair cross complementary gene 1,ERCC1）和乳腺癌易感基因1（breast cancer susceptibility gene 1,BRCA1）在非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）术后患者给予铂类基础化疗方案后的预后价值。方法：收集我院2004-2008年间接受手术并确诊为NSCLC的80例患者的肺组织,利用免疫组织化学方法,检测80例肺癌组织及20例癌旁组织中ERCC1和BRCA1蛋白的表达情况;术后所有患者接受2周期以上铂类化疗方案,联合分析这两种蛋白的表达与患者化疗方案的选择、无瘤生存期（disease-free survival,DFS）及总生存时间（overall survival,OS）的关系。结果：①ERCC1和BRCA1在肺癌组织中的表达比癌旁组织中高,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.036,P=0.041）;同时2种蛋白的表达与患者的年龄、性别、临床分期、病理类型等临床特征无关;②ERCC1低表达患者DFS和OS均长于ERCC1高表达患者（P=0.004,P=0.032）;BRCA1的表达也得出相同的结论（P=0.023,P=0.006）;③ERCC1和BRCA1同时低表达患者DFS和OS长于两种指标同时高表达的患者;④ERCC1和BRCA1同时低表达的患者中,接受含铂类化疗方案的患者受益最大。结论：ERCC1和BRCA1可作为NSCLC术后辅助化疗患者判断预后的有效指标,两种蛋白的高表达可能成为NSCLC术后铂类辅助化疗患者预后不良的预测因子。     

真核生物胞质伴侣素6A在非小细胞肺癌中的异常表达及临床意义

目的：本研究旨在评估真核生物胞质伴侣素6A(chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A,CCT6A)在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)癌组织中的异常表达,以及其与NSCLC患者临床病理特征和预后的关联。方法：本研究回顾性纳入160例经手术切除的NSCLC患者,采用免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测癌组织和癌旁组织CCT6A表达水平。 结果：CCT6A主要表达在细胞质和细胞膜上,其表达水平在癌组织中显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.001)。癌组织CCT6A表达水平与高的东部肿瘤协作组体力状态(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status,ECOG PS)评分(P=0.038)、差的肿瘤分化(P=0.014)、以及淋巴结转移相关(P=0.018),而与患者其他临床病理特征不相关,例如：年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、慢性合并症、肿瘤细分类型、肿瘤大小等(均P>0.050)。此外,无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)(P<0.001)和总体生存期(overall survival,OS)(P=0.036)在癌组织CCT6A高表达患者中均显著短于癌组织CCT6A低表达患者。进一步采用多因素Cox回归分析患者的独立预后因素,发现癌组织CCT6A高表达可以独立预测患者差的DFS(P=0.001),然而不可以独立预测患者OS。结论：CCT6A在NSCLC组织中高表达,其高表达与NSCLC患者差肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移、ECOG PS评分及不良预后相关,表明CCT6A有作为NSCLC标记物的潜能。     

VEGF及微血管密度在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及VEGF与临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及微血管密度(MVD)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及VEGF与临床病理特征的关系.方法 选择2015年1月至2016年12月期间开平市中心医院胸外科收治的60例NSCLC患者的癌组织及癌旁组织进行研究,同时选择50例肺良性病变组织标本(术后病理证实)纳入对照组.比较不同组织的VEGF的阳性表达率及MVD表达情况,并且对VEGF阳性表达与临床病理特征的关系进行分析.结果 肺癌组织VEGF阳性表达率为73.33%,明显高于癌旁组织的45.00%,且高于对照组的14.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺癌组织MVD明显高于癌旁组织,且高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);VEGF阳性表达率在有淋巴结转移者、TNM分期为Ⅲ期者、中低分化者明显高于无淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期者、分化程度高者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);VEGF表达与性别、年龄、是否吸烟、病理分型、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05).结论 VEGF及MVD在NSCLC组织中均高表达,其在NSCLC的发生发展及转移过程中起着重要作用.     

P-MNK1表达在非小细胞肺癌组织中的临床意义

目的 探究P-MNK1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达与临床特征的关系。方法 选取我院2015年9月至2016年9月手术切除的NSCLC患者癌细胞组织及其匹配的癌旁组织共90例,采用PCR定时定量检测法检测癌组织和癌旁组织的P-MNK1水平,分析P-MNK1蛋白在NSCLC中的表达与临床特征的关系。结果 癌组织中P-MNK1指标值(4.569±1.304)相较于癌旁组织(1.409±0.581)高(P<0.05);P-MNK1的表达与患者肿瘤的大小、TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、病理分型无关(P>0.05)。患者随访12～24个月(中位随访时间15.0个月),中位OS18.0个月,P-MNK1低表达的OS没有达到,高表达为15.0个月,高表达的中位较低表达的中位短(P<0.05)。单因素分析发现,P-MNK1表达、病理分型、肿瘤大小、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移与患者的预后有相关性。多因素分析显示,P-MNK1表达是影响NSCLC预后的独立因素(OR=2.681,95%CI 1.624～5.892,P<0.05)...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.