A comparison of fibrin sealant versus standard closure in the reduction of postoperative morbidity after groin dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Groin dissection is commonly performed in patients with lower limb malignant conditions such as malignant melanoma, vulvar, penile, anal and scrotal carcinomas with an associated high complication rate. Numerous surgical strategies have been suggested to reduce morbidity. We aimed to systematically review one of those methods – fibrin sealant (FS) – in comparison to standard closure (SC) in reducing postoperative morbidity from groin dissection.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature, study selection and data extraction using an independent screening process, assessment of risk of bias and statistical data analysis was performed. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing fibrin sealant to standard care in patients with malignant disease undergoing groin dissection reporting at least one outcome measure relating to postoperative complications were included in the review.

Results

A total of 6 RCTs were included. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) rates between FS and SC. The overall incidence of wound infection in the FS group was 32% (43/133) compared to 34% (45/132) in the SC group. (Pooled risk ratio = 0.0.94 [0.68, 1.32]; 95% CI; P = 0.74). The incidence of seroma for the FS group (30/133) and the SC group (30/132) did not differ (Pooled risk ratio = 1.03 [0.67, 1.58]; 95% CI; P value = 0.90). Complication rates were similar between groups.

Conclusion

Based on current evidence, fibrin sealant does not significantly reduce morbidity in patients undergoing groin dissection for the management of malignant disease when compared to standard closure techniques.     

淋巴结清扫术对早期卵巢癌患者预后影响的回顾性队列研究

目的 评估淋巴结清扫对临床早期上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性招募2008年1月至2018年12月在本院接受首次手术Ⅰ～Ⅱ期EOC患者。根据是否进行淋巴结清扫将患者分为未切除淋巴结的手术组（No-LND组）和淋巴结清扫术组（LND组）,收集两组患者的人口学特征、临床病理资料以及围手术期不良事件发生情况,采用Cox比例风险回归进行生存分析。结果 共纳入279例EOC患者,其中No-LND组56例,LND组223例。LND组患者切除淋巴结中位数为25枚,包括21枚盆腔淋巴结和4枚主动脉旁淋巴结。LND组和No-LND组的5年无进展生存率分别为85.9%和81.6%,10年无进展生存率分别为81.3%和72.9%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）。LND组和No-LND组的5年总生存率分别为93.8%和88.7%,10年总生存率分别为86.7%和82.6%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.042）。多因素Cox回归分析显示,淋巴结清扫是预后的保护因素（HR=0.89,95%CI:0.79～0.97,P=0.041）,但LND组...     

乳腺癌改良根治术中腋窝淋巴结清扫方法的改进

腋窝淋巴结清扫是乳腺癌改良根治术的一个重要步骤,以往并发症的发生率相对较高,如何减少术后并发症的发生,仍是需要不断探索的问题.我院自2008年7月起改进了乳腺癌改良根治术中腋窝淋巴结清扫的手术方法,向腋窝注射脂肪溶解液后用超声剪进行淋巴结清扫,取得了明显效果,现将结果报告如下.     

Single-port robotic inguinal lymph node dissection: A safe and feasible option for penile cancer

IntroductionInguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) is essential to the accurate staging of advanced penile cancer and in determining prognosis. Open ILND is associated with significant morbidity. The robotic-assisted approach has been described with comparable nodal yield with the advantage of decreased postoperative complications when studied with the multiport robotic platform. This video shows our approach for an ILND with the Intuitive single port (SP) robotic platform.MethodA 54-year-old man underwent a partial penectomy for a penile mass that revealed squamous cell carcinoma invading the corpus spongiosum (pT2). Patient had non-palpable lymph nodes on physical examination. We proceeded with the bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection using the Intuitive da Vinci Single-Port Robot.ResultsA standard template dissection was performed on both sides. Due to nodal enlargement noted on the pre-operative CT scan on the right side, superficial and deep ILND were performed on that side. Intra-operative frozen section pathologies of superficial lymph nodes were negative on the left side. Bilateral saphenous veins were preserved. Total procedure time was 4 hours and 51 minutes in duration with minimal blood loss noted (<30 mL). Pathology revealed one 4.5cm superficial positive node on the right with no extra-nodal extension and no other positive nodes. No complications were noted. He was discharged on post-operative day 1 with minimal pain or leg swelling.ConclusionsWe describe the technique and feasibility of ILND using the SP robotic platform. This approach has the potential to reduce morbidity with comparable nodal dissection as the open approach.     

Quality control of lymph node dissection in the Dutch randomized trial of D1 and D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer

Background. Variability among surgeons and reduced protocol adherence threaten the conduct and outcome of surgical multicenter trials. We introduced, in the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial of D1 and D2 (extended) lymph node dissection for gastric cancer, a novel way of managing instruction, quality control, and evaluation of protocol adherence. Methods. Of 1078 patients entered in the Dutch trial, 711 patients with potentially curative resections were evaluated. Numbers and locations of lymph nodes detected at pathological investigation were compared according to the guidelines of the Japanese Research Society for the Study of Gastric Carcer. Non-compliance indicated inadequate removal of lymph node stations, whereas contamination indicated that lymph nodes were detected outside the intended level of dissection. Protocol adherence during the course of the trial, and the impact on complications, hospital mortality, and survival were evaluated. Results. Major non-compliance was noted in 15.3% of D1 and 25.9% of D2 patients. Contamination was present in 22.9% of D1 and 23.5% of D2 patients, and was limited to one or two lymph node stations only. Intensification of quality control resulted in only a marginal improvement in protocol adherence and in the number of lymph nodes detected. There was no association between protocol adherence and the occurrence of complications or long term survival. Conclusions. Contamination proved an important parameter to substantiate protocol adherence by the surgeon, whereas non-compliance had a multifactorial cause. Non-adherence to the protocol did not lead to increased hospital morbidity and mortality, but also had no impact on long term survival. Received for publication on Aug. 17, 1998; accepted on Nov. 12, 1998     

Long-term morbidity of patients with early breast cancer after sentinel lymph node biopsy compared to axillary lymph node dissection

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is widely accepted as an excellent method in the management of early breast cancer in patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes. Since SLNB requires less traumatic surgery to the axilla than axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), it was assumed to result in reduced shoulder/arm morbidity. However, data on long-term morbidity after SNLB are sparse. The present study was set up to compare long-term arm/shoulder morbidity as well as oncological outcome after SLNB versus ALND in patients with early breast cancer. METHODS: Oncological outcome, objective shoulder/arm morbidity, and subjective complaints after SLNB or ALND for T1 breast cancer were assessed after a minimum follow-up of 20 months. RESULTS: One hundred thirty four patients were included in the study. Thirty-one patients underwent SNLB only, 103 patients had SLNB followed by ALND or ALND only. Loss of strength and hypaesthesia were less frequent after SLNB. No lymph oedema occurred after SNLB without adjuvant radiotherapy. Subjective complaints concerning pain, hypaesthesia, and paresthesia were more common in the ALND group. No axillary recurrence developed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated SLNB in node-negative pT1 breast cancer patients is a highly efficient tool to reduce postoperative long-term morbidity without compromising the local control of the disease. The reported ameliorations should favour SLNB as staging and treatment modality in patients suffering from early breast cancer.     

The optimal lymph node dissection in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction

Objective

The aim of this study was to refine the optimal lymph node dissection in Western patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG).

Assessing the most accurate formula to predict the risk of lymph node metastases from prostate cancer in contemporary patients treated with radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection

Background and purpose

The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of the Roach formula vs. two other newly developed prediction tools for lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer, namely the Nguyen and the Yu formulas.

Material and methods

We included 3115 patients treated with radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND), between 2000 and 2010 at a single center. The predictive accuracy of the three formulas was assessed and compared using the area-under-curve (AUC) and calibration methods. Moreover, decision curve analysis compared the net-benefit of the three formulas in a head-to-head fashion.

Results

Overall, 10.8% of patients had LNI. The LNI-predicted risk was >15% in 25.5%, 3.4%, and 10.2% of patients according to the Roach, Nguyen and Yu formula, respectively. The AUC was 80.5%, 80.5% and 79%, respectively (all p > 0.05). However, the Roach formula demonstrated more favorable calibration and generated the highest net-benefit relative to the other examined formulas in decision curve analysis.

Conclusions

All formulas demonstrated high and comparable discrimination accuracy in predicting LNI, when externally validated on ePLND treated patients. However, the Roach formula showed the most favorable characteristics. Therefore, its use should be preferred over the two other tools.     

Incidence of postoperative ileus after paraaortic lymph node dissection in patients with malignant gynecologic tumors

Background Paraaortic lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in gynecologic malignancy. However, paraaortic lymph node dissection (PAND) is not done routinely in Japan because of the difficulty of the procedure and the high incidence of complications. We performed PAND in 217 patients in a 7-year period. In the present study, we focused on the occurrence of postoperative ileus in patients who underwent PAND.Methods Two hundred and seventeen patients with malignant gynecologic tumors were operated on at our hospital between January 1995 and August 2001. All patients underwent PAND and pelvic lymph node dissection (114 patients had a radical hysterectomy; 103 patients had a simple hysterectomy). We evaluated postoperative ileus in three categories of severity.Results The average operation time and blood loss in the patients with radical and simple hysterectomies with PAND were 317 min and 1158 g, and 246 min and 820 g, respectively. The incidence of postoperative ileus was 12.9% (28/217). Although there were no significant differences in the occurrence of ileus between patients with the radical and simple hysterectomies (10.5% vs 15.5%), the incidence of ileus in patients with radical hysterectomy with PAND was significantly higher than that in a control group of patients with radical hysterectomy without PAND (10.5% vs 3.4%). However, in the PAND patients the postoperative ileus was mostly mild or moderate (10 mild cases, 15 moderate cases, and 3 severe cases). Severe ileus occurred in three patients with radical hysterectomy with PAND. Although a repeat operation was necessary for two of these three patients with severe ileus, they recovered uneventfully.Conclusion PAND for malignant gynecologic tumors is a feasible and safe operative procedure, with a low incidence of postoperative ileus.     

不同淋巴结清扫范围对Ⅲ期食管癌患者术后生存的影响

目的 探讨不同淋巴结清扫范围对Ⅲ期胸中段食管痛患者牛存率的影响,评价其安全性及可行性.方法 收集122例行完全性切除术的Ⅲ期胸中段食管癌患者的临床和随访资料,按照手术方式分为二野淋巴结清扫组(62例)和二野淋巴结清扫组(60例).采用寿命表法比较两组患者的牛存率,Kaplan-Meier法单因素分析全组患者凶病理分期、淋巴结清扫方式等不同而产生的生存差异,Cox多因素分析影响患者生存的主要因素.结果 两组患者的一般资料具有可比性.二野和三野淋巴结清扫组患者的并发症发生率分别为14.5%和15.0%,围手术期死亡率分别为1.6%和1.7%,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).二野淋巴结清扫组患者的术后1、3、5年生存率分别为78.2%、39.6%和14.5%,中位生存期为24个月;三野淋巴结清扫组患者的术后1、3、5年生存率分别为83.7%、42.4%和18.1%,中位生存期为31个月.在122例Ⅲ期胸中段食管癌患者中,术前体重下降不明显、术后病理分期为T3N1M0、仅有1个区域淋巴结转移且淋巴结转移数＜3枚、行三野淋巴结清扣术的患者预后较好(P＜0.05).多因素分析显示,T分期、N分期和淋巴结清扫方式是影响Ⅲ期胸中段食管癌患者预后的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 三野淋巴结清扫能提高Ⅲ期胸中段食管癌患者的生存率,且并未增加并发症的发生率和围手术期死亡率,是安全可行的.     

A prospective validation study of sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric breast cancer: SMMaC trial

Background

Multicentric breast cancer is often considered a contra-indication for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy due to concerns with sensitivity and false negative rate. To assess SLN feasibility and accuracy in multicentric breast cancer, the multi-institutional SMMaC trial was conducted.

Methods

In this study 30 patients with multicentric breast cancer and a clinically negative axilla were prospectively included. Periareolar injection of radioisotope and blue dye was administered. In all patients SLN biopsy was validated by back-up completion axillary lymph node dissection.

Results

the SLN was successfully identified in 30 of 30 patients (identification rate 100%). The incidence of axillary metastases was 66.7% (20/30). The false negative rate was 0% (0/20) and the sensitivity was 100% (20/20). The negative predictive value was 100% (10/10).

Conclusion

SLN biopsy in multicentric breast cancer seems feasible and accurate and should therefore be considered in patients with multicentric breast cancer and clinically negative axilla.     

不同纵隔淋巴结切除方式对非小细胞肺癌患者围手术期免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨肺癌纵隔淋巴结不同切除方式对非小细胞肺癌患者围手术期免疫功能的影响.方法 连续收集2009年3月至2012年3月接受手术治疗的415例非小细胞肺癌患者临床资料,其中系统性淋巴结清扫术（SLND）组216例,淋巴结采样术（LNS）组199例.检查所有患者术前、术后3d及术后7d外周血淋巴细胞计数（LC）及淋巴细胞中CD4＋T淋巴细胞、CD8＋T淋巴细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞比例.对两组患者上述指标进行比较.结果 SLND组术后各时点全血中淋巴细胞、CD8＋T淋巴细胞、NK细胞比例均低于LNS组,差异有统计学意义[术后3d：淋巴细胞（0.95±0.57）×10^9/L比（1.10±0.65）×10^9/L,CD8＋T淋巴细胞（19.53±6.48）％比（20.93±6.70）％,NK细胞（17.36±6.06）％比（18.57 ±5.97）％,均P＜0.05;术后7d：淋巴细胞（0.86±0.53）×10^9/L比（1.00±0.60）×10^9/L,CD8＋T淋巴细胞（17.27±5.64）％比（18.40±5.26）％,NK细胞（13.11 ±4.84）％比（14.20±5.30）％,均P＜ 0.05];术后3d时LND组CD4＋T淋巴细胞低于SLNS组,差异有统计学意义[（29.59±6.53）％比（31.19±6.32）％,P＜0.05],术后7d时两组差异无统计学意义[（36.64±6.65）％比（37.20±6.83）％,P＞0.05].结论 与SLND相比较,LNS可以减轻患者术后免疫功能的抑制.     

食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移的特点

目的：探讨食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移的特点。方法：回顾性分析92例中段食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结肿大的CT资料,对发生于每个区的淋巴结肿大的病例数进行统计。结果75例纵隔淋巴结转移发生在食管癌根治术后1年内,右上气管旁淋巴结转移46例,降突下淋巴结转移31例,左下及右下气管旁淋巴结转移27例。结论：纵隔淋巴结转移是胸中段食管癌根治术后最常见的转移癌位,建议做常规CT扫描,而右上气管旁（2R区）该区常规胸片及临床检查为阴性。     

The impact of lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy on survival: A nationwide cohort study of patients with clinical early-stage ovarian cancer

IntroductionTo establish the impact of lymph node dissection and chemotherapy on survival in patients with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).MethodsAll Dutch patients with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I–IIA and IIIA1 EOC between 2000 and 2012 were included. Data concerning age, stage, tumour grade, histological subtype, hospital type, lymph node dissection, adjuvant chemotherapy and survival were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry.ResultsOf 3658 patients included, 1813 (49.6%) had lymph nodes removed. Relative survival of patients with lymph node dissection (including those with lymph node metastases) was significantly better than that of patients without, also after correcting for stage, tumour grade, histology and age (89% and 82%, respectively; relative excess risk [RER], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–0.78). There was a positive correlation between the number of removed lymph nodes and overall survival (after excluding patients with lymph node metastases). Of patients with stage I–IIA EOC who had ≥10 lymph nodes removed, there was no difference in relative survival between those who received chemotherapy and those who did not (RER, 0.51; 95% CI: 0.15–1.64). This was also true for a subgroup of patients with high-risk features (stage IC and IIA and/or tumour grade 3 and/or clear cell histology [RER, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.46–1.99]).ConclusionAdequate dissection of at least 10 but preferably ≥20 lymph nodes should be standard procedure for the staging of early-stage EOC. Adjuvant chemotherapy after an adequate lymph node dissection does not seem to contribute to a better relative survival.     

Sealing of postoperative axillary leakage after axillary lymphadenectomy using a fibrin glue coated collagen patch: a prospective randomised study

Seroma formation after axillary lymphadenectomy in women with breast cancer remains a problem despite many efforts to reduce surgery-related morbidity. In a prospective, randomised, open, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial we evaluated the effect of a fibrin-glue coated collagen patch (TachoComb H®, Nycomed Pharma AS, Denmark) on volume and duration of postoperative axillary drainage, duration of hospital stay, and procedural safety. Sixty patients were included in the study. Patients did not differ with respect to general characteristics, such as age, body mass index, treatment modality, and tumor stage distribution. In 29 patients, a fibrin-glue coated collagen patch was applied from the apex axillae to the thoracic longus nerve and half a patch was applied to the lateral border of the axillary nerve-vessel bundle. Thirty-one patients were randomised to standard closure of the axillary lymphadenectomy area. The mean duration of axillary drainage was 3.8±1.9 days in the fibrin-glue treatment group and 3.9±1.8 days in the control group (p=NS). The mean total drainage volume was 338.5±251.8ml in the fibrin-glue treatment group and 370.8±314.6ml in the standard closure group (p=NS). The mean length of post-operative hospital stay was 9.1±2.7 days in the fibrin-glue treatment group and 9.3±3.6 days in the standard closure group (p=NS). Seven patients (25%) and eight patients (25%) were diagnosed with local inflammation in the fibrin-glue treatment group and the standard closure group, respectively (p=NS). Seroma formation after drain removal was found in 11 patients (39%) in the fibrin-glue treatment group and in 13 patients (42%) in the standard closure group (p=NS). In summary, we observed no statistically significant differences with respect to axillary drainage time, drainage volume, length of hospital stay, local inflammation, and seroma formation after drainage removal.     

舌鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的特点及其对患者预后的影响

背景与目的:舌鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移有一定的规律性,且影响预后。本研究的目的是分析舌鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的特点及其对患者预后的影响,为选择性肩胛舌骨肌上颈清扫提供临床依据。方法:收集1990～1996年间在我院住院行手术治疗的164例舌鳞癌患者的资料,分析舌鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的特点及其对患者预后的影响。结果:164例舌鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移率为25.71%,最常见的转移部位是同侧的Ⅱ区,其次分别为同侧的Ⅰ和Ⅲ区,82.98%隐匿性转移的颈淋巴结位于以上3个区域,大多数隐匿性转移的颈淋巴结在首次手术治疗后2年内(33/36)被发现。经统计学分析,显性颈淋巴结转移和隐匿性颈淋巴结转移与无转移组之间患者的预后有显著性差异(log-rank,P<0.01),而显性转移组与隐匿性转移组患者的预后之间无显著性差异(log-rank,P>0.05)。结论:同侧的Ⅰ～Ⅲ区是舌鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的常见区域,对较易发生隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的cN0舌鳞癌患者可行选择性肩胛舌骨肌上颈清扫术。隐匿性颈淋巴结转移影响cN0舌鳞癌患者的预后。     

Impact of increasing lymph node yield on staging,morbidity and survival after esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundExtended lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy for esophageal cancer may increase survival, but also increase morbidity. This study analyses the influence of lymph node yield after transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma on the number of positive lymph nodes, pathological N-stage, complications and survival.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2020 were prospectively recorded (follow-up until January 2022). Lymph node yield was analyzed as continuous and dichotomous variable (≤30 vs. ≥31 nodes). The effect of lymph node yield on number of positive lymph nodes, complications, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in multivariable regression analyses.Results585 patients were included. Median lymph node yield increased from 25 (IQR 20–34) in 2010 to 39 (IQR 32–50) in 2020. Higher lymph node yield was associated with more positive lymph nodes (≥31 vs. ≤30 IRR 1.39, 95%CI 1.11–1.75). In 258 (y)pN + patients, the percentage of (y)pN3-stage increased with 14% between patients with ≤30 and ≥ 31 lymph nodes examined (p 0.014). Higher lymph node yield was not associated with more complications. Superior survival was seen in patients with ≥31 vs. ≤30 lymph nodes examined [DFS: HR 0.73, 95%CI 0.58–0.93, OS: HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.55–0.93)].ConclusionsA lymph node yield of 31 or higher was associated with upstaging and superior survival after esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma, without increasing morbidity. Extended lymphadenectomy may therefore be regarded as an important part of the multimodal treatment of esophageal cancer.     

Lateral lymph node and its association with distant recurrence in rectal cancer: A clue of systemic disease

We analyzed oncologic outcomes according to pre-/post-LPLN enlargement. Rectal cancer patients who underwent resection post-PCRT during 2008–2012 were enrolled. Magnetic resonance imaging pre-/post-PCRT were re-evaluated. LNs with short axis (SA) ≥7 mm pre-PCRT and ≥4 mm post-PCRT were defined as enlarged nodes. Of 798 patients enrolled, recurrence occurred in 55 (6.9%) local, 17 (2.1%) lateral, and 179 (22.4%) distal regions. Patients with LPLN SA ≥7 mm pre-PCRT showed worse local recurrence-free survival (RFS), lateral RFS, and distant RFS (p < 0.001, 0.002, and 0.005, respectively). LN shrinkage post-PCRT to SA<4 mm showed better 5-year local RFS (83.5% vs. 78.3%, p = 0.045), but distant RFS was similar irrespective of LN shrinkage to <4 mm. Among patients with pre-PCRT SA ≥7 mm, node shrinkage to SA<4 mm after PCRT presented with lower incidence of local recurrence but did not benefit in distant recurrence. Lateral node sampling did not improve local recurrence control, resulting in a 5-year local RFS of 75.4% in patients undergoing lateral node sampling and 83.2% in those not undergoing lateral node sampling (p = 0.722). Four (66.7%) patients had lateral recurrence in the same area of the enlarged nodes identified pre-PCRT. For patients assessed with pre-PCRT nodes ≥7 mm, response to PCRT did not guarantee better outcomes.