前交叉韧带断裂病程时长对半月板损伤及其手术缝合影响的临床研究

目的:探讨前交叉韧带(Anterior Cruciate Ligament,ACL)断裂病程时长对半月板损伤及其手术缝合的影响。方法:2014年7月~2015年6月进行关节镜下膝关节ACL重建手术的患者,按照ACL断裂病程时长分组,包括组A(<3月)、B(3~12月)、C(1~5年)、D(>5年)共计四组。记录患者的性别、年龄、体重、身高、体重指数(BMI)、关节松弛度评分(Beighton评分)、ACL断裂病程时长和半月板损伤情况及处理方式。统计分析ACL断裂病程时长等因素对半月板损伤及其手术缝合的影响。结果:共计183例ACL断裂患者入选研究,A组84例,B组51例,C组30例,D组18例;合并外侧半月板损伤82例(缝合25例),内侧半月板损伤89例(缝合43例)。内侧半月板损伤率A、B、C、D组分别为28.6%、43.1%、90.0%和88.9%,组间对比发现组A、B与组C、D之间有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);内侧半月板缝合率A、B、C、D组分别为83.3%、45.5%、37.0%和18.8%,组间对比发现组A与组B、C、D之间有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);外侧半月板损伤率和缝合率各组间无显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。性别、年龄、BMI、Beighton评分等因素对内、外侧半月板损伤均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。结论:ACL断裂病程时长对内侧半月板损伤率和缝合率有显著影响。ACL断裂后随着病程延长,3月以上内侧半月板缝合率显著降低,1年以上内侧半月板损伤率显著增加。     

单纯后交叉韧带断裂继发关节内损伤的临床研究

自 1 973年至 2 0 0 2年间我所诊治单纯后交叉韧带断裂共 5 4例 ,其中进行了关节内探查的有 40例 ,急性伤 9例 (≤ 6周 ) ,慢性伤 3 1例 ( >6周 )。分别对这 40例病例的关节软骨损伤发生率、损伤部位和损伤程度及半月板损伤的发生率、损伤部位及损伤类型进行了统计学研究 ,同时对前、后交叉韧带断裂之间和运动员与非运动员之间的继发关节内损伤进行了统计学比较 ,对创伤机制也进行了相应的研究。结果显示 ,后交叉韧带断裂最常见创伤机制为胫前伤 ( 5 1 85 % )。非运动员中摩托车伤最多见 ( 2 3 5 3 % )。伤后慢性期软骨损伤发生率明显高于急性期 (P <0 0 5 )。前、后交叉韧带断裂后急性期与慢性期之间及运动员与非运动员之间软骨损伤发生率无明显差异。后交叉韧带断裂后软骨损伤最易发生于髌股关节 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其次为股骨内髁负重区 ,与前交叉韧带断裂更易发生于内、外髁相比 ,明显不同。非运动员软骨损伤程度要重于运动员 (P <0 0 5 )。后交叉韧带断裂后急慢性期半月板损伤发生率相近。慢性期外侧半月板损伤居多 (P <0 0 1 )。运动员更易发生半月板损伤 (P <0 0 1 )。后交叉韧带断裂后内外侧半月板损伤均少于前交叉韧带 ,慢性期尤甚 (P <0 0 0 1 )。后交叉韧带断裂后半月板损伤的部位以外侧     

儿童和青少年前交叉韧带断裂后延迟重建对半月板和关节软骨的影响

目的 评估儿童和青少年前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂后延迟重建对半月板和软骨损伤的影响.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月—2020年12月西安交通大学第二附属医院骨科因ACL断裂行韧带重建手术患者126例,男性84例,女性42例;年龄8～18岁,平均13.4岁;左膝56例,右膝70例.均为创伤导致,按照致伤原因分为非接触性损伤(主要是运动损伤,如打篮球时转身起跳)和高能量接触性损伤(如道路交通伤、高处坠落伤),非接触性损伤95例,高能量接触性损伤31例.患者被连续登记并根据术前损伤时间不同分为急性期组71例(＜6周)、亚急性期组29例(6～12周)和慢性期组26例(＞12周).受伤时轴移试验Ⅲ度患者共35例,其中急性期组18例,亚急性期组8例,慢性期组9例.评价各组患者半月板撕裂和软骨损伤的发生率、部位和类型等情况.根据国际关节镜、膝关节外科和骨科运动医学学会(ISAKOS)半月板分类标准记录半月板损伤的类型.参考Copper分型,记录半月板撕裂的区域,并记录每个区域半月板撕裂的数目.根据国际软骨修复学会(ICRS)标准记录软骨损伤的位置和分级.结果 126例患者中,发生内侧半月板撕裂52例(41.3％),外侧半月板撕裂34例(27.0％).慢性期组中内侧半月板撕裂发生率(22/26,84.6％)较急性期组(20/71,28.2％)和亚急性期组(10/29,34.5％)显著升高(P＜0.05).30例(23.8％)软骨损伤在ICRSⅡ级及以上,其中慢性期组股骨内侧髁软骨损伤(10/26,38.5％)和内侧胫骨平台损伤(6/26,23.1％)发生率高于急性期组(3/71,4.2％;1/71,1.4％)和亚急性期组(5/29,17.2％;2/29,6.9％),P＜0.05.三组86例半月板撕裂患者中,内侧半月板后角发生率最高(27.9％),随后是内侧半月板体部(19.8％),而在外侧半月板前角撕裂发生率最低(4.6％),在慢性期组内侧半月板桶柄样裂和纵裂较急性期组和亚急性期组高(P＜0.05).结论 延迟ACL重建增加儿童和青少年患者继发半月板和软骨损伤的风险,半月板撕裂以纵行裂和桶柄裂多见,多发生于内侧半月板后角,软骨损伤多发生于内侧股骨髁和内侧胫骨平台.     

急性前交叉韧带断裂合并内侧副韧带、半月板损伤的临床研究

目的:研究急性前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂合并内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤时,内侧半月板(MM)、外侧半月板(LM)损伤的发生率及其相互关系。方法:1988年5月至2005年12月,对96例急性ACL断裂合并MCL损伤的患者进行膝关节镜检查,同时对合并的半月板损伤情况进行统计。按照MCL损伤程度分为Ⅰ度损伤组(5例)、Ⅱ度损伤组(21例)和Ⅲ度损伤组(70例);按照是否手术修补MCL分为手术组(51例)和非手术组(45例)。结果:在Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度损伤组中,MM和LM的损伤发生率分别为0和60%、4.8%和71.4%、17.1%和54.3%。在所有患者(手术组(非手术组)、非手术组和手术组中,MM和LM的损伤发生率分别为13.5%和58.3%、4.4%和62.2%、21.6%和54.9%。除Ⅰ度损伤组(P=0.05)外,其它各组中LM损伤发生率均显著高于MM(P<0.01)。结论:急性ACL断裂合并MCL损伤时,外侧半月板较内侧半月板更易受到损伤,这种三联损伤多是ACL、MCL和LM的联合损伤。     

膝关节半月板及股骨髁软骨损伤关节镜下标准化分区法及其临床应用

目的 制定膝关节半月板及股骨髁软骨损伤标准化分区图,探讨其对膝关节镜手术病人病情评估和术后疗效评价的作用。方法 通过对186例膝关节镜手术患者术中膝关节分区图记录资料汇总分类,统计分析半月板及股骨髁软骨损伤部位。结果 186例病人中,膝关节损伤总数242膝,其中左膝关节损伤110膝（45．4％）,右膝损伤132膝（54．5％）。在192膝半月板损伤中,外侧半月板损伤116膝（60．4％）,内侧半月板损伤76膝（39．6％）。股骨髁软骨损伤75膝,内侧髁软骨损伤45膝（60％）,外侧髁软骨损伤30膝（40％）。半月板损伤的好发部位为6区（38膝）和2区（37膝）,股骨髁软骨损伤的多发部位为4区（20膝）、5区（21膝）。结论 外侧半月板损伤多于内侧半月板,其体部和后角为损伤好发部位。股骨髁内侧区软骨损伤多见。膝关节标准化分区图对膝关节镜手术中病情的评估和术后疗效评价具有重要辅助作用。     

骨挫伤与膝关节附属结构损伤关系的MRI评价

目的　探讨骨挫伤与膝关节附属结构损伤的关系。方法　回顾性分析了 5 8例膝关节骨挫伤病人的影像学资料 ;记录患者的年龄 ,骨挫伤病灶的部位、病灶数、MRI表现、关节附属结构损伤的部位及类型。结果　膝关节骨挫伤好发于青少年 (3 1.0 % ,18/ 5 8) ;80 % (8/ 10 )的股骨外侧髁及胫骨外侧平台的骨挫伤伴有前交叉韧带撕裂 ;侧副韧带损伤中有 45 % (9/ 2 0 )伴有同侧的骨挫伤 ,5 0 % (10 / 2 0 )对侧有骨挫伤 ;64 .9% (2 4/ 3 7)的骨挫伤发生于半月板撕裂的同侧 ,对侧为 13 .5 % (5 / 3 7) ,内、外侧半月板同时累及2 1.6% (8/ 3 7)。关节软骨损伤均伴有软骨下的骨挫伤。结论　青少年膝关节外伤后关节疼痛 ,行MRI检查可发现相关的关节损伤。膝关节的骨挫伤是前交叉韧带撕裂、半月板撕裂及关节软骨损伤的重要间接征象。     

前交叉韧带断裂继发软骨损伤的临床研究

目的：研究前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）断裂与关节软骨损伤的关系,初步探讨其损伤机制。方法：回顾研究了１９８４年１２月～１９９９年１２月收治的ＡＣＬ断裂的４１９例患者软骨损伤的发生率、部位及程度。结果：软骨损伤率随时间推移而增加,伤后１年内从急性期的２０．７％显著提高到亚慢性期的５７．２％（Ｐ＜０．００１）,而慢性期较亚慢性期损伤率亦有所提高,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。非运动员与运动员均表现了相同的变化。各个部位的软骨损伤的发生率都逐渐提高,但内髁与外髁的损伤率在各个时期都高于其他部位。在急性期,外髁的损伤率为１４．１％,显著高于内髁的５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但随时间增加这种趋势逐渐改变,内髁损伤率显著增加,由急性期的５．２％增至亚慢性期的２４．７％（Ｐ＜０．００１）,慢性期又增至３８．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而外髁损伤率基本处于较稳定状态。软骨损伤程度亦随病程延长而加重。结论：ＡＣＬ断裂后可继发关节软骨损害,并随时间推移而加重。ＡＣＬ损伤后关节软骨的损害在伤后１年内就已很严重。ＡＣＬ原始损伤时更多的是直接暴力造成外侧结构损伤,而损伤后则主要因膝关节不稳而继发内侧结构损害。     

急性前交叉韧带撕裂患者股骨外侧髁切迹征与半月板撕裂的关系

目的:探讨MRI显示急性前交叉韧带撕裂患者异常加深的股骨外侧髁压迹与半月板撕裂间的关系。方法 :选取180例急性膝关节外伤行MRI检查诊断为前交叉韧带撕裂的患者,测量股骨外侧髁压迹的深度,观察内、外侧半月板撕裂情况。统计分析股骨外侧髁切迹征(深度 2 mm)与半月板撕裂的关系。结果:180例中,48例股骨外侧髁切迹征阳性,其中外侧半月板撕裂19例(39.58%),内侧半月板撕裂9例(18.75%),内、外侧半月板同时撕裂2例(4.17%);132例股骨外侧髁切迹征阴性,其中外侧半月板撕裂4例(3.03%),内侧半月板撕裂7例(5.30%)。股骨外侧髁切迹征合并外侧半月板撕裂比例高于合并内侧半月板撕裂(P=0.025)。股骨外侧髁切迹征合并内、外侧半月板撕裂比例均明显高于阴性患者(P=0.005,P=0.000)。结论:股骨外侧髁切迹征是前交叉韧带断裂的间接征象,与外侧半月板撕裂密切相关。     

急性前交叉韧带损伤后高度轴移现象的危险因素分析

目的:探索急性前交叉韧带(Anterior Cruciate Ligament,ACL)损伤后造成高度轴移现象的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析自2014年1月到2015年1月在我院因急性ACL损伤行ACL重建术的患者资料,并以患者术前麻醉下轴移试验分度结果为分组依据。其中,病例组共入选60例高度轴移阳性(II度或III度)患者,对照组共入选60例低度轴移阳性(0度或I度)患者。首先采用单因素Logistic回归比较两组间患者年龄、性别、受伤到手术时间、外侧/内侧胫骨平台后倾角度、前外侧韧带异常状况以及内侧/外侧半月板损伤情况是否存在显著性差异。然后利用多因素Logistic回归进一步计算上述变量的比值比(Odds Ratios,OR)及其95%的置信区间(Confidence Interval,CI),并最终确定导致高度轴移现象的危险因素。结果:单因素Logistic回归结果显示两组间外侧胫骨平台后倾角(P=0.002)、前外侧韧带异常状况(P=0.011)以及外侧半月板损伤情况(P=0.008)均存在显著性差异。多因素Logistic回归进一步确认上述三个因素(OR1=6.41;95%CI1:1.48~47.70;OR2=4.96;95%CI2:1.07~28.75;OR3=5.83;95%CI3:1.21~38.56)均为导致急性ACL损伤后高度轴移现象的危险因素。结论:外侧胫骨平台后倾角偏大、前外侧韧带损伤以及外侧半月板损伤为导致急性ACL损伤后高度轴移现象的危险因素。     

急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI分析

目的探讨急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI特点。方法回顾性分析51例经临床证实的急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位患者的MRI资料。51例病例均行常规MRI矢状面、冠状面和横断面T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波序列扫描,并与手术结果相对照。结果急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL损伤发生率为100%,其中完全性MPFL撕裂31例,部分性MPFL撕裂20例,股骨侧撕裂30例,髌骨侧撕裂19例,体部撕裂2例,MRI诊断MPFL部分性撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为85%、93.5%和90.2%,MRI诊断完全MPFL撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.5%、85%和90.2%。股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤17例,发生率为33.3%,其中13例位于股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨,1例位于股骨滑车,3例股骨滑车和股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨均受累;17例股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤病例中,16例(94.1%)关节软骨损伤位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分,1例(5.9%)位于骨挫伤的中间部分;MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例中,57.9%(11/19)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,MPFL股骨侧损伤病例中,20%(6/30)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,二组数据比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=5.80,P=0.016)。MPFL完全撕裂、部分撕裂病例中,股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折发生率分别为19.4%(6/31)、0%(0/20),二者比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=4.39,P=0.036)。结论急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL股骨侧最易损伤,其次为髌骨侧,MRI诊断MPFL损伤准确性高;急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤比较常见,MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例易于伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,而MPFL完全撕裂较部分撕裂更易伴发股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折;股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤多位于股骨外侧髁承重关节面处,绝大多数位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.