PEA方案治疗滋养细胞肿瘤45例临床分析

目的：观察PEA（顺铂＋足叶乙甙＋更生霉素）方案治疗滋养细胞肿瘤的疗效和不良反应。方法：回顾性分析我院2006年3月至2008年11月间应用PEA方案治疗滋养细胞肿瘤患者45例,其中侵袭性葡萄胎患者22例,绒癌患者23例;初治患者36例,耐药患者9例。结果：45例妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者,42例完全缓解,总完全缓解率为93.3%。其中初治侵袭性葡萄胎的治愈率为100%,绒癌的完全缓解率为86.95%,耐药妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的完全缓解率为77.8%（7/9）。主要化疗不良反应为I-Ⅱ级恶心、呕吐和骨髓抑制。结论：PEA方案可作为滋养细胞肿瘤的一线化疗方案,其疗效肯定,不良反应小,适宜临床应用。     

5-Fu、MTX、VP16-213联合方案治疗恶性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的研究

目的 探讨5-Fu、MTX、VP16—213联合化学治疗恶性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者的疗效。方法 对1992年4月至2003年4月11年本院91例恶性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(包括侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌)患者采用5-Fu、MTX、VP16—213三联化疗方案治疗，其中绒癌36例，有2例为复发性绒癌；侵蚀性葡萄胎(侵葡)55例。Ⅰ期16例，Ⅱ期26例，Ⅲ期56例。结果 91例患者中，采用此三联化疗方案治疗有86例获治愈，总治愈率高达94．51％。此三联化疗方案的主要毒副反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应，其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ度粒细胞减少占27．3％，Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少占7．4％，Ⅲ度恶心呕吐占19．80%，Ⅲ度腹泻占2．4％，Ⅰ度肝功损害占2．1％，在19．69％的疗程中发生口腔溃疡，其中Ⅲ度占8．36％。结论 5-Fu、MTX、VP16—213联合方案治疗恶性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤可达满意的临床效果，对其他药物耐药或复发病例也可获得满意的疗效。     

VE-cadherin在妊娠滋养细胞疾病的表达及其临床意义初步探讨

目的:探讨VE-cadherin在妊娠滋养细胞疾病的表达及其临床价值.方法:采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术,检测22例正常早孕绒毛和非恶变葡萄胎23例,恶变葡萄胎12例,侵蚀性葡萄胎11例和绒毛膜癌9例共55例妊娠滋养细胞疾病组织中VE-cadherin mRNA的表达量.结果:VE-cadherin mRNA在正常早孕绒毛与非恶变葡萄胎组织的表达量的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);恶变葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌的表达量明显低于正常早孕绒毛和非恶变葡萄胎;侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌的表达量低于恶变葡萄胎;绒癌的表达量低于侵蚀性葡萄胎(P＜0.01).结论:VE-cadherin mRNA的表达下调可能是滋养细胞恶性转化的早期事件,与葡萄胎的恶变有关.检测VE-cadherin的表达可望成为预测葡萄胎恶变以及妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(GTT)预后评价的参考指标.     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤不良结局临床分析

目的分析妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者预后的影响因素。方法回顾分析了我院1993年-2006年收治的妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者中不良结局的4例病例,对其临床表现、诊断分期和治疗方法及死因进行分析讨论。结果4例死亡病例中3例为晚期绒癌,1例为恶性葡萄胎术后化疗后,4例患者均未能坚持规律化疗,其中1例有严重的化疗副作用,1例出现化疗耐药后接受手术治疗。4例患者最终均死于呼吸循环衰竭,确诊至死亡时间均未超过半年。结论对于妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤,除转移病灶等分期及预后评分因素外,坚持规范合理的化疗,选择合适的手术时机,减少误诊、误治的几率对改善妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者的预后有重要意义。     

小剂量格拉诺赛特在恶性滋养细胞肿瘤化疗中的升白作用

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤（侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌）恶性度高,但对化疗敏感。以化疗为主的综合治疗使恶性滋养细胞肿瘤成为可治愈的肿瘤之一,但骨髓抑制,尤其是WBC下降严重影响着化疗的进行。我院从1996年6月开始应用小剂量格拉诺赛特（日本中外株式会社生产）治疗化疗引起的骨髓抑制,取得较好效果,现报告如下。1 材料与方法1．1 临床资料 从1996年6月～1999年10月,48例恶性滋 养细胞肿瘤患者在多疗程化疗中应用格拉诺赛特。其中侵蚀性葡萄胎38例,年龄21～52岁,平均29岁;绒癌10例,年龄24～42岁,平均34岁。1．2 化疗方案 5氟脲嘧啶：20…     

足叶乙甙、顺铂治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤21例

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤（ＧＴＮ）是高度恶性的妇科肿瘤 ,近几年来 ,由于化疗方法的改进 ,预后较好。我院自１９９８年１２月至２００１年３月应用ＥＰ方案 :足叶乙甙 (Ｖｐ＿１６）联合顺铂（ＤＤＰ）治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤２１例 ,现总结如下。资料与方法临床资料 :自１９９８年１２月至２００１年３月我院收治２１例恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者 ,其中侵蚀性葡萄胎１３例 (Ⅰ期８例 ,Ⅱ期５例 ) ,绒癌８例 (Ⅰ期５例 ,Ⅱ期２例 ,Ⅲ期１例 ) ,患者年龄２３岁～５０岁。末次妊娠的性质 :来源于葡萄胎后１５例 ,足月产后４例 ,流产后２例。血ＨＣＧ定量 :…     

50岁以上妇女恶性滋养细胞肿瘤

本文报告我院21例50岁以上妇女恶性滋养细胞肿瘤。其中恶性葡萄胎9例;绒癌12例。50岁以上妇女,葡萄胎发生率及恶变率较高。为预防本病发生,应做好避孕宣教,避免妊娠。一旦发生葡萄胎,应作子宫切除加预防性化疗,并需严密随诊。本病易误诊为功能性子宫出血、子宮内膜癌等,应予重视。本组仅7例生存5年以上,疗效之差与延误诊断致病情偏晚有关。     

妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤34例诊治分析

为了分析恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的发病、诊断及治疗后转归,探讨妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤临床分期的特点及最佳治疗手段,对34例妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者采用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）、放线菌素D静脉联合化疗和（或）顺铂（DDP）、5-FU、多柔比星介入化疗及栓塞治疗,甲氨蝶呤、5-FU局部化疗或联合手术治疗等手段。结果：Ⅰ、Ⅱ期侵蚀性葡萄胎（IM）和绒癌（CC）患者,经采用联合化疗、介入治疗兼手术治疗治愈率100％,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者采用联合化疗、手术治疗亦可获得较满意的效果。初步研究结果提示,恶性滋养细胞肿瘤应早诊断早治疗,采取以化疗为主、手术治疗为辅的综合治疗手段,多数患者可以获得相对满意的治疗效果。     

妊娠滋养细胞疾病N-ras基因的表达及临床意义

目的探讨N-ras基因在妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)组织中的表达及临床意义.方法用地高辛标记的N-ras裸核探针与54例石腊包埋的GTD组织进行原位杂交.结果N-ras mRNA在葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌组织中阳性表达率分别为88.9%、77.8%和44.4%.绒癌N-ras阳性表达率显著低于葡萄胎(P＜0.01)和侵蚀性葡萄胎(P＜0.05).N-ras基因在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期间表达无显著差异.结论N-ras基因为GTT发生的早期事件,N-ras基因表达与GTD病理类型及前次妊娠性质有关,与GTT的临床分期无关.     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断与治疗

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤包括侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌，在未发现有效的化疗药物以前，妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的死亡率极高。近年来由于高度敏感性的化疗药出现特异性肿瘤标志物的HCG应用，妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤成为迄今预后最好的恶性肿瘤，且大多数患者可保留其生育功能。本文主要讨论了目前妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断、分期和临床处理。     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.