三种甲基丙烯酸树脂基托义齿消毒方法效果比较

义齿的消毒大多采用微波照射和消毒液浸泡的方式,但尚无一种公认的最有效的消毒方法和消毒剂[1-4]。在国内,口腔修复体的消毒主要以消毒液浸泡为主[5]。作者选用体积比1:200“84”消毒液、质量分数为0.1%过氧乙酸和质量分数2%的戊二醛等3种临床常用消毒液对义齿浸泡消毒,测量消毒前后义齿表面细菌数量和种类,比较3种消毒液的杀菌效果。1材料与方法1.1消毒剂①体积比1:200“84”消毒液:北京联昌卫生消毒用品有限公司生产,卫消字2003第0031号,按体积比1:200加蒸馏水配剂。②质量分数为0.1%过氧乙酸溶液:新乡市华丰福利化工厂生产的过氧乙酸A、B2原液,卫消字2003第0098号,将A、B2原液混合得质量分数为18%~22%的过氧乙酸原液,按体积比1:200加蒸馏水得质量分数为0.1%的过氧乙酸液。③质量分数为2%的戊二醛溶液:北京联昌卫生消毒用品有限公司生产,卫消字2003第0185号。1.2实验分组及方法门诊牙列缺损或缺失患者30名,随机分成A、B、C3组,每组10名。常规进行丙烯酸树脂基托活动义齿制作,完成后将各组义齿分别用蘸有生理盐水的无菌棉签反复擦拭基托表面不同区域(每件义齿选4个区域,组...     

纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响

目的 研究纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响.方法 纳米载银无机抗菌剂FUMAT T200-4,按0%(对照组)、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、7%、10%(V/V)比例添加在加热固化型义齿基托树脂中,按相关国家标准检测各组的挠度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、冲击强度,分析比较抗菌剂添加比例对基托树脂机械性能的影响.结果 纳米载银无机抗菌剂的添加使义齿基托树脂的机械性能产生一定程度的变化.除挠度无影响外,随抗菌剂添加比例上升,基托树脂冲击强度和弯曲强度下降,弯曲弹性模量上升.抗菌剂添加比例为1%,基托树脂冲击强度为(7.05±1.80)kJ/m2,较对照组的(10.01±1.86) kJ/m2明显下降;当抗菌剂添加比例达到4%,基托树脂的弯曲强度为(95.96±5.05) MPa,较对照组的(108.14±9.47) MPa明显下降;当添加比例达到5%,基托树脂的弯曲弹性模量为(2 594.00±40.21)MPa,较对照组(2 533.60±62.83)MPa明显上升.结论 纳米载银无机抗菌剂的添加比例要根据需要合理控制,以减小对基托树脂机械性能的影响.     

纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响

目的研究纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响。方法纳米载银无机抗菌剂FUMAT T200-4,按0%(对照组)、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、7%、10%(V/V)比例添加在加热固化型义齿基托树脂中,按相关国家标准检测各组的挠度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、冲击强度,分析比较抗菌剂添加比例对基托树脂机械性能的影响。结果纳米载银无机抗菌剂的添加使义齿基托树脂的机械性能产生一定程度的变化。除挠度无影响外,随抗菌剂添加比例上升,基托树脂冲击强度和弯曲强度下降,弯曲弹性模量上升。抗菌剂添加比例为1%,基托树脂冲击强度为(7.05±1.80)kJ/m2,较对照组的(10.01±1.86)kJ/m2明显下降;当抗菌剂添加比例达到4%,基托树脂的弯曲强度为(95.96±5.05)MPa,较对照组的(108.14±9.47)MPa明显下降;当添加比例达到5%,基托树脂的弯曲弹性模量为(2 594.00±40.21)MPa,较对照组(2 533.60±62.83)MPa明显上升。结论纳米载银无机抗菌剂的添加比例要根据需要合理控制,以减小对基托树脂机械性能的影响。     

表面改性的纳米二氧化钛对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响

目的 探讨经钛酸正丁酯(TTB)表面改性的纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响.方法 用TTB对纳米TiO2进行表面处理,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱对其进行表征.透射电镜观察纳米TiO2在MMA悬浮液中的分散情况,并考察义齿基托材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度的变化.结果 TTB表面处理改善了纳米TiO2的分散性能,添加比为2%时复合材料的综合力学性能最好,其弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度分别为(86.274±5.053)MPa、(1.916±0.190)GPa和(4.009±0.279)J/cm2.结论 表面处理的纳米TiO2能提高义齿基托树脂的机械性能.     

Polident义齿清洁剂对义齿基托树脂性能的影响

目的：以Polident为例,研究义齿清洁对义齿基托树脂性能的影响。方法：选择热凝基托树脂分别制作20个圆片试样(50.0 mm×0.5 mm)、 24个与义齿的粘接试样和40个矩形条状试样(34.0 mm×13.5 mm×1.3 mm)。将试样随机分为空白组、空气组、蒸馏水组和清洁剂组,4组试样分别采用不同的处理方法：空白组试样不经任何处理;空气组试样在人工唾液中浸泡16 h,在空气中暴露放置8 h,共做30个循环;蒸馏水组试样在人工唾液中浸泡16 h,在蒸馏水中放置8 h,共做30个循环;Polident清洁剂组试样在人工唾液中浸泡16 h,在义齿清洁剂溶液中放置8 h,共做30个循环。对处理后的试样进行色稳定性、挠曲强度、与合成树脂牙的粘接性能测试,对试验结果进行分析。结果：4组试样经处理后,色稳定性及与义齿的粘结强度的差异无统计学意义;对4组试样的挠曲强度进行统计学分析发现,空白组与空气组、蒸馏水组的差异无统计学意义,空气组与Polident清洁剂组的挠曲强度差异有统计学意义。结论：经Polident处理后,义齿基托树脂的机械性能与空白组相比有所改变,与其他处理方式相比差异无统计学意义。     

调合消毒法对石膏模型消毒效果的实验研究

[目的]探讨消毒液调拌超硬石膏对沾染微生物石膏模型的消毒效果。[方法]将硅橡胶印模按所染菌种分为表皮葡萄球菌组,白色念珠菌组和绿脓杆菌组。并设立不染菌的阴性对照组。用2%戊二醛、0.5%84消毒液、0.5%碘伏和无菌蒸馏水调拌超硬石膏,于印模内灌注石膏模型,1 h后脱模。无菌蒸馏水调拌组为阳性对照组。将各石膏模型试件浸入稀释液中洗下余菌、接种、培养并进行CFU计数,计算各组的杀菌率。[结果]2%戊二醛、0.5%84消毒液、0.5%碘伏调拌超硬石膏对表皮葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌的杀菌率达100%。[结论]用2%戊二醛、0.5%84消毒液、0.5%碘伏调拌超硬石膏对沾染表皮葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌的石膏模型消毒合格。     

两种消毒液对凯迪康硅橡胶尺寸精度的影响

目的测试消毒液对凯迪康硅橡胶尺寸精度的影响。方法使用重、轻体成分的加成型硅橡胶采用两次法分别制取同一实验模具的印模,随机平均分为3组,每组15个。对照组:清水冲洗,实验组1:使用2%戊二醛浸泡消毒,实验组2:使用84消毒液浸泡消毒。灌注石膏模型,用游标卡尺测量主模型及石膏模型上各标志点的距离,对测量数据进行统计学分析,用χ2比较所取印模经过浸泡后对水晶牙模复制精度上的差异。结果两种消毒液浸泡的印模与对照组印模在对水晶牙模复制精度上效果相同,三者之间差异无统计学意义。在线性变化率上比较,浸泡消毒液的印模的BC、DE值变化率均比对照组要大,但与原始数据差异无统计学意义。结论凯迪康加成型硅橡胶印模材料使用2%戊二醛溶液和有效氯浓度为0.3%的84消毒液溶液浸泡消毒,不影响其印模精度。     

改良戊二醛消毒剂稳定性和腐蚀性的调查

目的观察改良后戊二醛消毒剂杀菌效果。方法采用理化分析法对其稳定性和腐蚀性进行检测。结果戊二醛含量22g/L的改良戊二醛消毒液原包装,置37℃温箱储存90d,戊二醛下降率为5.27%。使用中戊二醛消毒浸泡器械1.2.3.4周后,其戊二醛含量下降率分别为0.00%、0.61%、0.62%、和2.53%。常温下浸泡3d,其原液对不锈钢、碳钢、铜无腐蚀,对铝有轻微腐蚀。结论该消毒剂性能稳定,消毒效果符合要求。     

消毒剂调和法对口腔石膏模型表面硬度 压缩强度及抗弯强度的影响

目的 研究4种消毒剂调和法对3种口腔石膏模型表面硬度、压缩强度及抗弯强度的影响。方法 制作圆柱体金属模具,硅橡胶取模,分别用2%戊二醛、0.5%次氯酸钠、0.5% 84消毒液、0.5%三氯异氰尿酸4种消毒剂调和熟石膏、硬石膏和超硬石膏,以蒸馏水调和作为对照组,分别灌注石膏模型,测定其表面硬度、压缩强度及抗弯强度,并进行统计学分析。结果 4种消毒剂调和消毒后,3种石膏模型在表面硬度、压缩强度及抗弯强度方面与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 4种消毒剂调和法对口腔石膏模型的表面硬度、压缩强度及抗弯强度均无明显影响。     

不同消毒方法对硅橡胶口腔印模消毒效果的观察

目的观察4种消毒剂对硅橡胶口腔印模浸泡消毒效果,从而探寻一种方便、快速、有效,对模型精度无影响的消毒方法。方法对200只硅橡胶印模在消毒前和4种消毒措施后(75%乙醇、消佳净、强化戊二醛、术必泰)采集微生物样本,按照《消毒技术规范》进行菌落计数。结果 4种消毒剂均能达到对口腔印模的消毒目的。结论 4种消毒剂均可选择,但75%乙醇杀菌作用消失快;术必泰消毒液易使口腔印模出现呛鼻气味;消佳净和强化戊二醛消毒液为口腔印模消毒最佳选择。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.