树突状细胞体外高效诱导白血病特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞生成

[目的]研究体外诱导产生的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)及其抗白血病反应.[方法]应用mGM-CSF及mIL-4细胞因子从小鼠骨髓细胞扩增出成熟树突状细胞(DC),使其负载冻融法制备的白血病细胞相关抗原(TAA),通过观察DC诱导的白血病特异性CTL的免疫表型,MTT分析其对于L7212细胞的抑制率,利用ELISA评价IL-2和IL-4水平.[结果]骨髓单个核细胞经mGM-CSF、mIL-4的联合作用7天后光镜及扫描电镜下观察到大量成熟DC生成.经负载TAA的DC活化后T细胞中CD3 、CD8 、CD25 细胞明显增多.FCM显示CD3 、CD8 、CD25 T细胞显著增多,CD8 细胞多于CD4 细胞.活化后T细胞对L7212细胞有特异性杀伤活性,在效靶比为50:1培养72 h后杀伤率达90.1%±2.7%.DC与T细胞共培养上清中IL-2的分泌水平为4.656±0.62pg/ml,明显高于普通T细胞培养组的1.436±0.11pg/ml(P=0.011),IL-4水平则无明显变化(P＞0.05).[结论] mGM-CSF及mIL-4配伍诱导生成的DCs经L7212冻融抗原负载后可在体外高效诱导白血病特异性CTL生成.     

负载CD133+肝癌细胞RNA树突状细胞疫苗的免疫活性北大核心CSCD

目的探讨负载人肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)组织来源的CD133+肝癌细胞RNA树突状细胞(CD133+HCC RNA-DC)疫苗的免疫活性。方法采用酶消化法从人HCC组织中分离出肝癌细胞,利用流式细胞术分选出CD133+肝癌细胞,制备负载CD133+肝癌细胞RNA树突状细胞疫苗,最后用流式细胞术检测DC的表型,ELISA法测定DC分泌IL-12水平,采用混合淋巴细胞反应法检测DC在体外刺激自体淋巴细胞增殖的能力。结果 CD133+肝癌细胞RNA树突状细胞的HLA-ABC、HLA-DR、CD86、CD80、CD83表达水平分别是(96.52±2.02)%、(92.17±3.04)%、(94.25±3.28)%、(55.14±1.67)%、(40.53±2.31)%,与肝癌细胞RNA树突状细胞和成熟DC比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD133+肝癌细胞RNA-DC、肝癌细胞RNA-DC、成熟DC和未成熟DC分泌IL-12的量分别为(421.50±3.12)、(418.20±1.10)、(324.20±2.19)和(102.47±4.60)pg/ml,前两者之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.14),前两者均高于后两者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CD133+肝癌细胞RNA-DC与肝癌细胞RNA-DC刺激自体T淋巴细胞增殖能力分别均强于成熟DC和无DC刺激的自体T淋巴细胞,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CD133+肝癌细胞RNA树突状细胞疫苗具有成熟表型,能够在体外有效刺激自体T淋巴细胞增殖。     

榄香烯复合瘤苗冲激的树突状细胞的功能研究

大多数树突状细胞(Dendritic cell,DC)来源于骨髓.在小鼠、大鼠及人的骨髓中均含有许多DC前体细胞,经体外培养能生成具有典型形态、表型及功能的非成熟的DC,抗原能使非成熟的DC转变为成熟的DC,成熟DC能表达高水平多肽-MHC复合物及共刺激分子CD86(B7-2)及CD40等,能分泌TH1型细胞因子(IL-12),能有效地将抗原提呈给初始型T细胞并使之激活.     

IL-12与IL-18联合刺激对树突状细胞分泌的exosome活性的影响

目的:观察IL-12与IL-18联合刺激对树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)分泌的exosome(DC derived exosome,Dex)活性的影响,为探索高效的exosome肿瘤疫苗奠定基础。方法:取正常健康人外周血单个核细胞诱导培养DCs,分别以IL-12、IL-18或IL-12+IL-18联合刺激DC,并设空白对照组、T细胞对照组,分别提取各组的Dex,Western blotting检测Dex中HLA-DR、CD83的表达,流式细胞仪检测CD54、CD80及CD86的表达;MTT法检测Dex刺激T细胞增殖的作用,ELISA法测定T细胞IFN-γ的分泌量。结果:IL-12、IL-18、联合组、空白组的Dex中均有HLA-DR、CD83蛋白表达;联合组Dex的CD54(323.67±44.06 vs 246.17±31.91、236.33±33.87、167.67±28.73,P<0.05)、CD80(406.37±39.18 vs 331.67±36.15、335.67±41.38、260.00±35.58,P<0.05)及CD86(390.50±38.06 vs 314.33±36.64、319.00±33.10、246.83±30.55,P<0.05)表达均高于IL-12组、IL-18组及空白组;联合组刺激T细胞增殖高于IL-12组、IL-18组及空白组、T细胞组(1.98±0.31vs 1.55±0.23、1.57±0.21、1.10±0.18、0.53±0.09,P<0.05);联合组刺激T细胞分泌IFN-γ水平高于IL-12组、IL-18组及空白组、T细胞组(436.67±61.80 vs 295.04±40.25、358.18±55.77、225.00±36.44、139.50±17.63,P<0.05)。结论:IL-12与IL-18联合刺激能增加Dex表达CD54、CD80及CD86,促进Dex刺激的T细胞的增殖及其IFN-γ的分泌。     

rhIL-17对小鼠造血前体细胞和人脐血CD34+干细胞分化发育的影响 *

目的:探讨重组人白细胞介素-17(Interleukin-17,IL-17)对小鼠骨髓造血前体细胞和人脐血来源的CD34~ 干细胞生长发育的影响.方法:采用常规方法采集小鼠造血前体细胞;采用Mini-MACS分离技术,从正常人脐血分离人CD34~ 干细胞.体外加入IL-17和/或GM-CSF、IL-4培养分离的前体细胞,应用流式细胞仪检测其表型,采用ELISA法检测了其分泌的IL-12水平,通过[~3H]-TdR掺入法测定其刺激同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖的能力.结果:IL-17促进了小鼠骨髓来源的未成熟DC表达Ia,B7-2等免疫分子,促使其分泌较高水平的IL-12,该细胞也能刺激同种异体T细胞有效增殖,表现出了成熟DC的特征.IL-17单独培养9d促使人脐血CD34~ 干细胞扩增了2倍,部分细胞高表达CD1a及B7-2,低表达HLA-DR,未检测到CD83的表达.该细胞能促使同种异体T细胞增殖,但作用较弱;而rhIL-17与GM-CSF联合培养后扩增了14倍,培养细胞中CD1a、B7-2阳性细胞的比例明显升高,且此细胞刺激同种异体T细胞增殖的能力较强.结论:IL-17体外可促进小鼠骨髓造血前体细胞来源的DC成熟;与GM-CSF联合培养既能促进CD34~ 干细胞增殖,又能使之获得DC特征,初步提示IL-17与GM-CSF联合作用可促进CD34~ 干细胞向DC分化.     

脐血来源树突状细胞体外诱导抗卵巢癌免疫特异性

[目的]研究脐血来源树突状细胞(DC)体外诱导特异性抗卵巢癌细胞的免疫效应.[方法]①从脐血中分离单个核细胞(MNCs)后,获得单核细胞(Mo).粒单集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白介素4(IL-4)诱导分化,培养7天后应用流式细胞仪进行细胞表型分析.②诱导单核细胞分化的第3天加入人卵巢癌细胞株3AO的冻融抗原,共培养4天后获得负载肿瘤抗原的成熟DC;将致敏DC与从脐血中分离的同种异体T淋巴细胞共培养3天,获得细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL);四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测CTL及上清对人卵巢癌细胞株3AO、人胚肾细胞株293T(对照细胞)、人肝癌细胞株HCCC-9810的细胞毒作用.[结果]①脐血来源单核细胞(Mo)在GM-CSF和IL-4作用下,7天后可分化生成成熟的DC,高表达DC特异性抗原CDla、CD80(B7-1)、CD86(B7-2)、HLA-DR、CD83.②DC可负载并递呈肿瘤抗原,激活同种异体T淋巴细胞,诱导肿瘤特异性CTL产生.不同浓度CTL及上清对卵巢癌细胞3AO有特异性杀伤、抑制作用(P＜0.05).[结论]脐血中单核细胞可体外分化扩增为成熟的功能性DC,并诱导出特异性杀伤卵巢癌细胞的免疫效应.     

PD-1分子在肺癌恶性胸腔积液CD8+T细胞上的表达及其生物学意义

目的:观察肺癌恶性胸腔积液中CD8+T细胞上程序性死亡受体-1(programmed death-1, PD-1)分子的表达,并探讨其生物学意义.方法:通过免疫磁珠法从肺癌恶性胸腔积液中获得CD8+T细胞;采用FCM法检测CD8+T细胞上PD-1分子的表达;利用植物血凝素(phytohaemagglutinin,PHA)刺激CD8+T细胞反应体系,分别加入HEK293/PD-L1转基因细胞及空载体HEK293/mock细胞混合培养;FCM法分析CD8+T细胞表型的变化及细胞凋亡情况;ELISA法检测CD8+T细胞分泌干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平的变化.结果:肺癌恶性胸腔积液中CD8+T细胞不同程度表达PD-1分子;PD-L1转基因细胞可显著抑制肺癌恶性胸腔积液中CD8+T细胞CD25的表达和IFN-γ的分泌,并诱导CD8+T细胞发生凋亡.结论:PD-1/PD-L1信号途径对肺癌恶性胸腔积液中CD8+T细胞的功能具有显著的负性调节作用,可能和肺癌细胞的免疫逃逸有关.     

CD11b + NKT细胞抑制Poly I:C诱导小鼠肝损伤中CD8 +T细胞增殖反应

目的： 研究Poly I:C诱导的肝损伤模型中肝脏内上调的CD11b + NKT细胞对CD8 +T细胞增殖反应的作用。 方法： 经腹腔注射Poly I:C（20 μg/g）制备Poly I:C诱导小鼠肝损伤模型,流式细胞术检测CD11b + NKT细胞的比例、T细胞增殖反应和CD8 +T细胞的杀伤功能,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中的细胞因子浓度。 结果： Poly I:C诱导的肝损伤模型小鼠的肝脏中CD11b + NKT细胞的比例显著上升\[（71.7±5.3）% vs （12.4±3.6）%, P <0.01\]。细胞因子表达谱分析发现,CD11b + NKT细胞分泌IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10的能力显著低于CD11b - NKT细胞。功能分析发现,CD11b + NKT细胞能够显著抑制anti-CD3/CD28单抗诱导非特异性的和OVA特异性的CD8 +T细胞增殖反应,而CD11b - NKT细胞没有此抑制功能;进一步分析发现,CD11b + NKT细胞并不影响CD8 +T细胞的杀伤功能。 结论： Poly I:C诱导的肝损伤模型小鼠肝脏中CD11b + NKT细胞比例升高,该细胞能够负反馈抑制CD8 +T细胞的增殖反应,但是并不影响CD8 +T细胞的杀伤功能。     

肺癌细胞和蛙皮素抑制树突状细胞的产生和功能

目的：了解肺癌细胞株及蛙皮素对树突状细胞（DC）产生及功能的影响。方法：树突状细胞由健康人外周血单个核细胞CD14^ ，在完全细胞培养液中加入1000U／ml GM-CSF和1000U／ml IL-4,培养7天获得，肺癌细胞株CRL－5815，CRL－5826，Bombesin和Bombesin受体拮抗剂加入培养液中，Annxin V检测DC凋亡；流式细胞仪检测CD40，CD86，CD83，CD80，HLA－DR阳性表达。结果：培养7－10天后的DC前体细胞表达高水平的HLA－DR CD80 CD86 CD83 CD40。肺癌及蛙皮素可导致DC前体细胞凋亡，而蛙皮素受体拮抗剂可部分保护蛙皮素致DC凋亡的作用。加入肺癌细胞株或蛙皮素与DC共培养时明显抑制上述细胞表型的表达和DC刺激同种异体T细胞的增殖能力，当加入蛙皮素受体拮抗剂时，DC细胞表达HLA－DR CD80 CD86 CD83 CD40明显增加，接近DC正常对照组。结论：肺癌细胞株及蛙皮素可导致DC的凋亡，抑制树突状细胞的产生和功能。     

CD 40激发肿瘤抗原特异性DCs对CIK细胞生物学活性的影响

目的:研究CD40激发凋亡肿瘤细胞致敏的树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)对细胞因子诱导杀伤(cytokine-inducedkiller,CIK)细胞的细胞表型、增殖活性及细胞毒活性的影响。方法:常规方法从健康人外周血单个核细胞中诱导DCs和CIK细胞,采用凋亡肿瘤细胞负载DCs,并用或不用激发型CD40单克隆抗体(CD40mAb)激活DCs成熟;成熟DCs与同源的CIK细胞共育5d,分别获得DC40Ag-CIK细胞及DCAg-CIK细胞;观察细胞增殖活性;流式细胞仪检测细胞表型;酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)法检测细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ的含量;[3H]-TdR掺入法测定细胞杀伤活性。结果:凋亡肿瘤细胞负载激发可使DCs上调表达CD1a、CD80、CD86、CD83、HLR-DR,联合CD40mAb激发可进一步促进DCs成熟;培养至第14天时,DC40Ag-CIK细胞、DCAg-CIK细胞、CIK细胞分别扩增(18.2±1.7)倍、(15.0±1.2)倍、(9.3±1.8)倍;DC40Ag-CIK细胞中的CD3 CD56 比例较DCAg-CIK细胞和CIK细胞明显上调(P<0.05);DC40Ag-CIK细胞、DCAg-CIK细胞对A549杀伤活性强于CIK细胞(P<0.05),并且DC40Ag-CIK细胞强于DCAg-CIK细胞(P<0.05);CIK细胞、DCAg-CIK细胞、DC40Ag-CIK细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ的含量递增,分别为(1494.7±246.3)pg/mL、(2706.3±197.0)pg/mL、(3676.3±335.0)pg/mL。结论:与单独凋亡肿瘤细胞负载的DCs相比,CD40激发的凋亡肿瘤细胞负载的DCs可进一步提高CIK细胞的增殖活性及细胞毒活性。     

急性髓系白血病细胞对树突状细胞分化、成熟和调节性T细胞生成的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of soluble factors secreted by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells on the phenotypical and functional properties of DCs derived from normal mononuclear cells. Methods Mononuclear cells were cultured with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in the presence or absence of 24 h culture supernatants from fresh primary AML cells, to generate immature DCs. The maturation of DCs was induced by cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin-2 (PGE-2). The phenotypic alterations of DCs and DCs-primed CD4 T cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. Precursor frequency (PF) was calculated to monitor the allostimulatory effects of DCs on CD4 and CD8 T cells. ResultsAML cell supernatant-treated DCs showed significantly lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and reduced response to cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha,and PGE-2. The allostimulatory effects of AML cell supernatant-treated DCs on CD4 and CD8 T cells were significantly lower than those of normal mature DCs [PF (1.8±0.5)% vs. (5.2±1.6)% for CD4 T cells, (2.1±0.6)% vs. (6.5±2.0)%for CD8 T cells, P＜0.01]. These AML supematant-induced DCs could also induce allogeneic CD4 T cells to differentiate into CD4 CD25high T cells, which had immunophenotyping characteristics of regulatory T cells, i.e. they expressed Foxp3 but not active maker CD69. Conclusion This study demonstrates that soluble factors secreted by AML cells can inhibit development and functions of DCs. In addition, AML supematant-induced DCs can induce the generation of CD4 CD25high T cells from CD4 T cells, which may be a mechanism of increased prevalence of CD4 CD25high regulatory T cells and immune dysfunction in AML patients.     

肝癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞数量的改变及其与肿瘤生长的关系

目的研究肝癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞数量的改变及其与肿瘤生长的关系。方法采用小鼠肝癌细胞系H22接种BALB／c小鼠,建立肝癌模型;采用流式细胞术方法检测CD4^＋ CD25^＋T／CD4^＋T细胞的比例;以RT-PCR和流式细胞术检测Foxp3基因的表达。以免疫磁珠分选法纯化CD4^＋CD25^＋T和CD4^＋CD25^-T细胞;在体外,用3H-TdR掺入法检测T细胞的增殖情况;在体内,观察荷瘤小鼠来源的CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞对肿瘤生长的作用。结果（1）荷瘤小鼠在引流淋巴结中,CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞占CD4＋T细胞（18．80％±0．06％）比例增高,与对照组（9．50％±0．03％）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;在非引流淋巴结（LN）和脾脏（SP）中,荷瘤小鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋T／CD4^＋T比例分别为16．28％±0．02％和17．28％±0．06％,与对照组9．50％±0．03％和11．08％±0．04％相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;同时,调节性T细胞特异性标志Foxp3 mRNA的表达也升高。在同一只荷瘤小鼠中,引流淋巴结中CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞数量（18．8％±0．06％）较对侧非引流淋巴结（16．28％±0．02％）略有升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）从荷瘤小鼠中纯化的CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞,在体外对抗CD3单抗的刺激无反应,但能抑制CD4^＋CD25^-T细胞的增殖。（3）CD4^＋CD25^＋T／CD4＋T比例与肿瘤大小呈正相关,并且可以抑制CD4^＋CD25^-T细胞的抗肿瘤效应。结论肝癌细胞在小鼠体内的生长可以提高调节性T细胞的数量,其数量的高低与肿瘤的大小呈正相关,提示清除调节性T细胞将是肿瘤免疫治疗的策略之一。     

骨髓瘤独特型抗原致敏树突细胞诱导的主动免疫反应

背景与目的:大多数多发性骨髓瘤(multiplemyeloma,MM)无法通过大剂量化疗和造血干细胞移植治愈,应用树突细胞(DCs)瘤苗清除MM患者化疗后残留的骨髓瘤细胞,是近年来骨髓瘤免疫疗法的新策略。本研究旨在探讨负载Id的DC独特型瘤苗对自体MM细胞的体外杀伤作用。方法:从MM患者外周血中分离获取DCs前体细胞,用GM鄄CSF与IL鄄4诱导分化,培养第5天加入从患者血清中提取的IgG的F(ab’)2片段(Id),第7天加TNF鄄α促成熟,将Id冲击致敏的DCs与自体T淋巴细胞共培养3天,获得肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)。MTT法检测致敏DCs促自体T淋巴细胞增殖能力,以及患者CTLs对自体MM细胞的特异性细胞毒杀伤作用。结果:GM鄄CSF、IL鄄4和TNF鄄α联合可以有效地从MM患者外周血单核细胞中诱导出大量成熟的功能性DCs。MM患者自体血清Id冲击致敏的成熟DCs能够显著提高T细胞增殖能力,且与DC∶T的比值呈正相关;同时在1∶10时刺激细胞为负载了Id的成熟DC组刺激指数(SI)值(39.1±6.0)%,明显高于未经Id刺激的成熟DC组、经Id刺激的未成熟DC组以及未经Id刺激的未成熟DC组[(19.3±7.7)%、(15.9±6.1)%和(11.4±4.9)%]。负载了Id的成熟DC能够使幼稚T细胞活化成为肿瘤独特型CTLs,各个剂量的CTLs均能诱导出针对自体MM细胞的抑制性杀伤反应,并且     

CD14+单核细胞系白血病细胞来源树突细胞体外刺激特异抗白血病T细胞应答

背景与目的:白血病细胞能在体外分化为树突细胞(dendriticcells,DCs),从而有希望用于白血病的免疫治疗。本研究旨在探讨CD14高表达的单核细胞系白血病(M4、M5)细胞分化而来的DCs体外诱导抗白血病T细胞应答的能力。方法:取5例初诊CD14高表达的M4或M5型白血病患者的骨髓标本,分离单个核细胞(bonemarrowmononuclearcells,BMMNCs),将白血病细胞分为3组:贴壁白血病细胞组、非贴壁白血病细胞组及总白血病细胞组。流式细胞术(flowcytometry,FCM)比较3组细胞的CD14表达。用含GM-CSF、IL-4和TNF-α或不含细胞因子的培养液培养细胞7～10天后,通过细胞形态学观察及FCM检测细胞表型,鉴定单核白血病细胞来源的DCs(monocyticleukemiacell-deriveddendriticcells,Mo-LDCs);采用异基因混合淋巴细胞反应(allogeneicmixedlymphocytereaction,Allo-MLR)以及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxicTlymphocytes,CTL)抗白血病细胞毒分析检测Mo-LDCs的免疫功能,染色体核型分析结合异常表面抗原确定Mo-LDCs的白血病来源。结果:3组中贴壁白血病细胞的CD14含量最高,在细胞因子联合诱导下,可分化为大量CD83 成熟DCs。在同一病例的3组细胞以及不同病例的总单核细胞组间,培养前CD14的表达率与诱导后CD83 DCs的产率成正相关(r=0.967,P=0.007)。Mo-LDCs具有典型的成熟DCs的形态及表型特征,在Allo-MLR中能刺激同种T细胞明显增殖,并能刺激扩增特异性抗白血病CTL。同时,Mo-LDCs持续存在所起源白血病的核型异常和异常表达的髓系抗原。结论:在细胞因子组合诱导下,M4、M5亚型AML的CD14 细胞可分化为具有免疫功能的Mo-LDCs,单核系白血病细胞的CD14表达高低可能预示其DCs分化能力。Mo-LDCs具有经典的DCs的表型及功能,还具有白血病的克隆异常,可用于M4、M5患者的免疫治疗。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞对晚期肺癌患者免疫抑制作用的研究

目的 探讨Treg及Th1/Th2类细胞因子在晚期肺癌肿瘤免疫抑制中的作用.方法 选取100例初治晚期肺癌患者及50例健康自愿者.采用流式细胞术检测其外周血中Treg、Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-a)、Th2类细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6、IL-10)水平,同时分析CD4+CD25+Treg与Th1/Th2类细胞因子之间的相关性.结果 ①晚期肺癌患者外周血中Treg为(11.12±5.83)%,高于健康对照组(7.46±3.07)%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);②化疗前肺癌患者外周血中Treg为(11.12±5.83)%,明显高于化疗后(6.45±3.74)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);③晚期肺癌患者与正常对照组Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平分别为:IFN-γ(8.56±3.62 vs 10.79±3.27,P=0.049)、IL-2(8.48±2.87 vs 10.22±4.03,P=0.03)、TNF-a(6.18±2.67vs8.14±2.87,P=0.007)、IFN-γ/IL-4(3.33±1.44 vs 4.09±1.00,P=0.028)、IL-4(3.17±1.19 vs 2.45±0.43,P<0.001)、IL-6(3.88±2.08 vs 2.33±0.88,P<0.001)、IL-10(3.64±1.73 vs 2.54±1.08,P=0.008),其中Th2类因子水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);④CD4+CD25+Treg与Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-a、IL-2及IL-6无相关性(P均>0.05);与Th1/Th2(γ=-0.273,P=0.003)呈负相关;与Th2类细胞因子IL-4(γ=0.237,P=0.009)、IL-10(0.626,P<0.001)呈正相关(P均<0.05).结论 晚期肺癌患者CD4+CD25+Treg、Th2类细胞因子水平显著升高,Th1类细胞因子水平下降,它们共同导致肿瘤患者免疫抑制及肿瘤进展,监测其水平变化有助于判断肺癌患者疗效、预后,有效调控CD4+CD25+Treg及负性细胞因子水平可能是治疗肺癌的一个新策略.     

Generation of dendritic cells from positively selected CD14+ monocytes for anti-tumor immunotherapy

Peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from multiple myeloma (MM) patients can be induced to differentiate into fully functional, mature, CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) which are highly efficient in priming autologous T lymphocytes in response to the patient-specific tumor idiotype (Id). We have recently scaled up our manufacturing protocol for application in a phase I-II clinical trial of anti-Id vaccination with DCs in MM patients. Elegible patients received a series of by-monthly immunizations consisting of three subcutaneous and two intravenous injections of Id-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-pulsed DCs (5 x -, 10 x -, 50 x 10(6) cells and 10 x -, 50 x 10(6) cells, respectively). To generate DCs, monocytes were labeled with clinical grade anti-CD14 conjugates and positively selected by immunomagnetic separation. Cells were then cultured, according to Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, in FCS-free medium in cell culture bags, and differentiated to DCs with GM-CSF plus IL-4 followed by TNF-alpha or, more recently, by a cocktail of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and prostaglandin-E2. Before maturation, Mo-DCs were pulsed with the autologous Id as whole protein or Id (VDJ)-derived HLA class I restricted peptides. Ten MM patients, who had been treated with two courses of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support, entered into the clinical study. CD14+ monocytes were enriched from 16.1+/-5.7% to 95.5+/-3.2% (recovery 67.9+/-15%, viability > 97%). After cell culture, phenotypic analysis showed that 89.6+/-6.6% of the cells were mature DCs. We obtained 2.89+/-1 x 10(8) DCs/leukapheresis which represented 24.5+/-9% of the initial number of CD14+ cells. Notably, the cytokine cocktail induced a significantly higher percentage and yield (31+/-10.9 of initial CD14+ cells) of DCs than TNF-alpha alone, secretion of larger amounts of IL-12, potent stimulatory activity on allogeneic and autologous T cells. Storage in liquid nitrogen did not modify the phenotype or functional characteristics of pre-loaded DCs. The recovery of thawed, viable DCs, was 78+/-10%. Thus, positive selection of CD14+ monocytes allows the generation of a uniform population of mature pre-loaded DCs which can be cryopreserved with no effects on phenotype and function and are suitable for clinical trials. Based on these results, a DCs-based phase II trial of anti-Id vaccination with VDJ-derived HLA class I-restricted peptides and KLH is underway for lymphoma patients.     

Tumor-derived CD4+CD25+ Tregs Inhibit the Maturation and Antigen-Presenting Function of Dendritic Cells

CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in regulation of immnue response and maintenance ofself-tolerance. Studies have found Tregs could suppress tumor-specific T cell-mediated immune response andpromote cancer progression. Depletion of Tregs can enhance antitumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) areprofessional antigen-presenting cells and capable of activating antigen-specific immune responses, which makethem ideal candidate for cancer immunotherapy. Now various DC vaccines are considered as effective treatmentfor cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate variation of Tregs in BALB/C mice with hepatocellular carcinomaand investigate the interaction between tumor-derived Tregs, effector T cells (Teff) and splenic DCs. We foundthe percentages of Tregs/CD4+ in the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice were higher than in normal mice.Tumor-derived Tregs diminished the up-regulation of costimulatory molecule expression on splenic DCs, evenin the presence of Teff cells and simultaneously inhibited IL-12 and TNF-α secretion by DCs.     

CD1a标记树突细胞在声门型喉鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:树突细胞(dendriticcell,DC)是最重要的抗原呈递细胞(antigenpresentingcell,APC),而CD1a作为未成熟DC的标记物,在肿瘤的发生及发展过程中有一定的影响。本文旨在探讨CD1a DC与声门型喉癌病理分级、T分期及局部复发的关系,从而间接了解它与预后的关系。方法:收集111例有完整病理资料及临床随诊资料的声门型喉鳞癌病例,并取17例非肿瘤组织做对照。用免疫组化技术检测CD1a DC在癌组织中的表达,分析癌组织中CD1a DC在不同病理分级、T分期及局部复发组织中的表达,间接了解其与声门型喉鳞癌预后的关系。结果:111例声门型喉鳞癌病例中,CD1a阳性率为59.46%(66/111);高分化组阳性率为71.43%(55/77),中低分化组阳性率为28.57%(11/34);T1 T2组阳性率为67.16%(45/67),T3 T4组阳性率为47.73%(21/44)。局部复发组阳性率为42.86%(12/28),局部无复发组阳性率为65.06%(54/83)。17例非肿瘤组织中CD1a均为阴性。结论:声门型喉鳞癌中,肿瘤细胞分化越差,T分期越高,则CD1a标记树突细胞阳性率越低。局部复发者CD1a DC阳性率低。CD1a可作为预测声门型喉鳞癌预后的参考指标之一。     

The Efficient Generation of Immunocompetent Dendritic Cells from Leukemic Blasts in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Local Experience

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen presenting cells with potentially useful applications in cancer immunotherapy. Leukemic cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) could be differentiated to DC-like cells possessing the ability of stimulating anti-leukemic immune response. Despite obvious progress in DC-based immunotherapy, some discrepancies were reported in differentiation potential of AML blasts from all patients toward DC like cells. The present study, as a local experience, was set up to generate DCs from AML blasts of various subtypes. Leukemic Blasts from 16 Iranian AML patients were differentiated into functional DCs by culturing in the presence of rhGM-CSF, rhIL-4 and TNF-alpha for 8 days. The morphology, expression of key surface molecules and allostimulatory activity of resultant DCs were compared with primary blasts and cultured but cytokine untreated control groups. The pattern of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression was used to approve the leukemic origin of generated DCs. Neo-expression or upregulation of DC-associated markers were occurred during culturing period in cytokine treated cells compared with primary blasts and cultured but cytokine untreated control groups: CD1a (63.22% vs. 3.22% and 11.79%), CD83 (41.27% vs. 0.11% and 0.70%), CD40 (15.17% vs. 0.00% and 0.04%), CD80 (49.96 vs. 0.02% and 0.32%), CD86 (56.49% vs. 0.50% and 5.71%) and HLA-DR (52.52% vs. 14.32% and 2.49%) respectively. The potency of generated DCs to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation increased significantly compared to pre and post culture control groups (27,533.4 ± 2,548.3, 8,820.4 ± 1,639.4 and 3,200.35 ± 976 respectively). The expression pattern of ACE in AML-DCs, blast cells and DCs derived from normal monocytes (7.93%, 1.28% and 74.97% respectively) confirmed the leukemic origin of DCs. Our data confirmed the generation of sufficient AML-derived cells with the properties of DCs in all cases. This potency of AML blasts, offers a useful route for active immunotherapy of AML patients.     

结直肠癌患者外周血中CD4+CD45RA+ T和CD4+CD45RO+ T细胞的变化及其意义

目的 探讨外周血中CD4 CD45RA T细胞和CD4 CD45RO T细胞在结直肠癌中的变化及其临床意义。方法 采用流式细胞术检测60例结直肠癌患者手术前、术后1个月和3个月时,外周血的CD4 T细胞、CD4 CD45RA T细胞和CD4 CD45RO T细胞的比例。选取健康查体人群10例作为对照。结果 结直肠癌患者的CD4 T细胞与健康人群相比无差异。CD4 CD45RO T细胞比例明显增高,术后有显著下降,DukesA、B期患者尤其明显;而CD4 CD45RA T细胞比例正好相反。结论 CD4 CD45RA T细胞和CD4 CD45RO T细胞在肿瘤免疫中起重要作用,其表达同结直肠癌的分期和预后有密切关系。