可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床及影像学特点

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征（PRES）的临床和影像学特点。方法 回顾性分析7例PRES患者临床及影像学资料。结果 本组继发于妊娠高血压综合征3例,肾功能衰竭3例,高血压1例。临床表现：7例均有头痛及视物模糊,伴有癫痫发作6例,恶心、呕吐4例,轻偏瘫、共济失调各1例。6例行头颅CT检查,3例枕叶低密度影,其中2例广泛脑白质水肿;1例多发小血肿;2例未发现异常。7例MRI检查显示枕叶均受累,同时伴小脑受累3例,脑干2例,额顶叶皮质下白质2例,尾状核、丘脑各1例。在脑叶呈脑回样、在其他部位呈斑片样异常信号;T1WI呈略低或等信号,T2WI和Fair像呈高信号。2例增强扫描1例无强化,1例呈脑回样、斑片样和环状强化。4例DWI扫描,2例呈略高信号,1例呈低信号,1例未见异常。结论 头痛、视觉障碍和癫痫发作是PRES主要临床表现,影像学特征主要为大脑后部白质对称性长T1、长T2信号。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征临床及影像学特点分析（附六例报道）

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床及影像学特点。 方法 收集无锡市人民医院神经内科自2007年12月至2010年8月诊治的6例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其发病原因、临床症状、影像学特点、治疗及预后。 结果 6例患者中白血病1例,肾病综合征1例,肾移植1例,嗜铬细胞瘤1例,原发性高血压2例。患者临床表现多样,主要为痫性发作、头晕头痛、恶心呕吐、意识障碍、精神行为异常、视觉障碍等。头颅CT检查示4例脑白质低密度病灶,2例正常。头颅MRI检查主要表现为大脑半球后部白质病变,TIWI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)呈高信号,弥散加权成像(DWI)呈低信号或等信号,表观弥散系数图(ADC)呈高信号。5例经对因及对症治疗临床症状迅速改善,影像学表现减轻或恢复正常;1例肾移植患者因拒绝停用环孢霉素A及骁悉而最终死亡。 结论 可逆性后部白质脑病综合征是一组依靠病史、临床特征及影像学特点而诊断的疾病,经积极治疗大多预后较好,但也有小部分患者由于种种原因而预后不良。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征临床及影像学特点分析

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床和影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析9例RPLS患者的临床及影像学资料.结果 9例患者临床表现以头痛、意识障碍、癫发作、视觉异常为主;头颅MRI检查有大脑半球后部白质为主的T1WI低信号,T2WI、Fair像呈高信号的病灶,且大多双侧对称.结论 头痛、意识及精神障碍、癫发作、视觉异常、是可逆性后部白质脑病综合征主要临床表现,影像学特征主要为大脑后部对称性、可逆性脑白质损害.     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征8例临床分析

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)临床和影像学特点. 方法回顾性分析8例RPLS患者临床及影像学资料.结果 本组患者继发于高血压2例,子痫2例,产褥期子痫1例,血栓性血小板减少性紫癜1例,肺性脑病1例,颅咽管瘤1例.临床表现:6例出现头晕,4例出现癫NFDCC发作,3例出现头痛, 2例出现视物模糊,恶心、呕吐、精神异常、脑疝、左侧轻偏瘫各1例.6例无神经系统定位体征.影像学检查颅脑CT检查 1例脑干低密度影,4例出现枕叶低密度影(其中2例广泛脑白质水肿),1例未发现异常.7例颅脑MRI检查(T1、T2、FLAIR),6例均有枕叶受累,3例同时累及额颞叶,1例累及脑干和小脑,1例累及尾状核头和丘脑,在脑叶呈脑回样,在其他部位呈斑片样异常信号;T1WI呈略低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,FLAIR像显示皮质和皮质下白质明显高信号.结论 头晕、头痛、视觉障碍和癫NFDCC发作是RPLS主要临床表现,影像学特征主要为大脑后部白质对称性长T1 、长T2 信号.     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床及影像学特点

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析16例RPLS患者的临床资料。结果患者均为急性起病,其中继发于高血压脑病7例,妊娠子痫9例。患者均出现血压明显升高,其中出现头痛9例,意识障碍9例,癫痫发作13例,视力模糊6例。16例患者MRI均表现为双侧枕叶和/或额、颞、顶叶对称或不对称的T1低信号,T2高信号;其中累及顶叶13例(81.3%),枕叶12例(75.0%),额叶9例(56.3%),颞叶5例(31.3%),小脑4例(25.0%)。弥散加权成像(DWI)显示等/低信号14例,异常高信号2例。所有患者经对症治疗均痊愈。结论 RPLS以血压升高、头痛、视觉异常、意识障碍、癫痫发作为主要临床表现。MRI表现双侧枕叶和/或额、颞、顶叶对称或不对称的T1低信号,T2高信号,经治疗预后良好。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床和影像学特征

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床特点及影像学特征。方法回顾性总结分析本院2000年9月~2010年6月收治的12例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的临床和影像学资料。结果本组12例患者中原发病为子间痫3例(25%),高血压脑病4例(33.3%),尿毒症2例(16.7%),系统性红斑狼疮2例(16.7%),肺癌术后化疗1例(8.3%),临床表现多样,主要为头痛、呕吐、意识障碍、抽搐、眼震、视力异常等。多数患者头颅MRI表现为双侧大脑后部白质对称性T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI和FLAIR像呈高信号。经脱水、降低颅内压、加强补液等对症支持治疗2~3周后神经系统症状消失,复查MRI病灶完全或大部分消失。结论可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床特点和影像学具有一定特征性,提高对本病的认识,早期明确诊断十分重要,经及时治疗后一般预后良好。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征临床影像学特征

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome,RPLS)的临床和影像学特点。方法回顾性分析8例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的发病原因、临床症状、影像学特征、治疗及预后。结果8例患者中,女5例,男3例;发病原因多样,系统性红斑狼疮2例,妊娠子痫2例,高血压病1例,真菌性脑炎1例,多发性骨髓瘤1例,肾移植1例;其中使用免疫抑制剂3例,化疗药物1例,使用抗真菌药物1例。以头痛、癫痫发作、视觉障碍、意识和精神障碍为主要临床症状。多数患者头颅MRI表现为双侧大脑后部白质对称性T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI和FLAIR像呈高信号;经采取降压、脱水及对症等治疗2~3周后患者神经系统症状消失,MRI复查病灶完全或大部分消失。结论RPLS是以可逆性后部白质损害为主要神经影像学表现的临床综合征,及时、准确的诊断和治疗可使其临床症状和影像学改变完全可逆。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征临床探讨

目的探讨可逆性后部由质性脑病综合征（RPLS）的病因、临床表现、影像学特征及治疗。方法总结分析8例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的发病原因、临床症状、影像学检查特点、治疗及预后。结果8例患者经针对病因治疗（如降压、止痉、停止使用免疫抑制药物、化疗药、停止放疗、控制肺部感染）及酌情使用甘露醇、呋噻米等脱水降颅压药物,症状与体征恢复至发病前6例,基本消失2例。结论可逆性后部白质脑病综合征是一种有特征临床和影像学检查表现的临床综合征,及时就诊、尽早治疗,一般预后良好。     

12例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床特点

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2015-06—2016-09于河南省人民医院诊治的12例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的临床特征、影像学特点、实验室检查并复习相关文献。结果临床特征:本组女11例,男1例。子痫10例,合并血小板减少7例;原发性高血压2例。10例出现癫痫发作,7例出现头痛,6例视物障碍。影像学特点:病灶大多为对称性,主要位于双侧大脑后部白质,少数位于额顶叶、基底节区、胼胝体、小脑及其他部位。在CT呈低密度影,MRI呈长T_1、长T_2,FLAIR呈高信号,DWI大部分呈低信号,ADC大部分呈高信号。4例复查后病灶完全恢复,呈完全可逆性。实验室检查:LDH升高11例,其中血小板减少伴白细胞升高、肌酸激酶升高7例。结论 RPLS是一种女性好发,以头痛、癫痫发作、视觉障碍、意识障碍为主要表现,影像学表现为可逆的血管源性水肿的神经系统疾病,血小板减少可能为其病因之一,经积极治疗,大部分预后良好。     

可逆性后部白质脑病2例临床分析

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质性脑病综合征（reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome，RPLS）的病因、临床表现、影像学特征及治疗。方法 分析2例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的临床资料，并复习文献。结果 2例患者均有头痛、视物不清、头部MRI检查示T2高信号，其中1例伴有癫发作，经治疗患者的临床表现及影像学均很快好转。结论 可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床表现无特异性，经对症处理后临床及影像学表现均很快好转。     

可逆性后部脑病综合征的临床和影像学特点

目的探讨可逆性后部脑病综合征的临床表现和影像学特点。方法回顾性分析3例PRES的临床和影像学资料。结果本组病例继发于系统性红斑狼疮、显微镜下多发性血管炎、病毒性脑膜炎各1例,其临床表现主要有头痛、意识障碍、痫性发作、视力受损和血压升高。3例均行头颅MRI检查,显示以双侧顶、枕叶为主的皮层和/或皮层下T1低或等信号,T2及FLAIR高信号。治疗后3例于2周内临床症状均明显好转,1例于起病后14d复查MRI基本恢复正常。结论PRES具有特征性的临床表现和影像学特点,提高对该病认识,早期诊断和适当治疗有助于恢复,避免疾病进展和发生不可逆的脑损伤。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床和影像学特征(附2例报告)

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析2例RPLS患者的临床资料。结果 2例均为急性起病,例1为产后2 d出现持续高血压,以癫疒间发作、意识障碍为主要症状;例2遭雷击后出现以声音嘶哑、共济失调为主要症状。颅脑MRI检查急性期均显示以大脑后部为主的异常信号,恢复期异常信号可明显减少或消失。结论 RPLS临床表现为脑病的症状,急性期MRI的脑白质异常是可逆的。     

酷似中毒性脑病的可逆性后部白质脑病综合征:6例临床分析

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床及影像学特点,为与中毒性脑病进行鉴别提供依据。方法回顾性分析6例RPLS患者的临床特点、影像学资料及治疗经过。结果 6例患者分别有大量饮酒史、海洛因吸食史、煤气中毒史、长期接触油漆涂料史、一氧化碳吸入史和有机溶剂接触史。临床主要表现为头痛、恶心、呕吐、癫痫发作以及血压升高。头部MRI主要表现为双侧颞叶、顶叶、额叶、侧脑室旁白质、小脑、脑干病灶,呈长T1、长T2信号,无强化。6例患者对症及去除病因治疗后临床表现及影像学表现均明显好转。结论 RPLS患者可以出现与中毒性脑病相似的临床及影像学特点,特别是当患者有毒物吸入史时,应根据该病相对特征性的临床、影像学及疗效尽早排除。     

Predictors of poor outcome in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Purpose: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurotoxic syndrome that, although characteristically reversible, can be fatal or result in long-term disability in a subset of patients. Our aim was to identify factors associated with poor discharge outcome in PRES patients. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological records of all patients with PRES admitted at our tertiary care medical center from 2007 to 2014. They were divided based their modified Rankin Score at discharge and compared for their baseline variables, clinical, laboratory and imaging features. Poor outcome was defined by a modified Rankin scale 2–6 and was subdivided based on the primary mechanism that led to poor outcome. Results: Out of 100 PRES subjects, 36% had poor discharge outcomes. Factors associated with poor outcomes on univariate analysis were history of diabetes mellitus, coma, high Charlson comorbidity index, post-transplantation, autoimmune condition, lack of systolic or diastolic hypertension, elevated blood urea nitrogen and involvement of the corpus callosum. On multivariate analysis, only prior diabetes mellitus odd ratio (OR) = 6.8 (95% CI 1.1–42.1, p = 0.04), corpus callosum involvement (OR = 11.7; 95% CI 2.4–57.4, p = 0.00) were associated with poor outcome. Poor outcome also correlated with increased length of hospital stay (OR = 7.9; 95% CI 1.3–49.7, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Large prospective studies incorporating serial blood glucose values and advanced imaging studies are required to validate these findings.     

Clinical and radiological differences in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome between patients with preeclampsia‐eclampsia and other predisposing diseases

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a serious maternal complication in pregnancy, but data on the clinicoradiological differences to other etiologies of PRES are scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of PRES in preeclampsia‐eclampsia patients compared with other predisposing diseases in a large cohort. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the radiological report data bases between January 1999 and August 2010 for patients with PRES. Patients fulfilling the criteria for PRES after detailed investigation of clinical charts and imaging studies were separated into patients with eclampsia‐preeclampsia and other predisposing causes. Various imaging features at onset of symptoms and on follow‐up as well as clinical and paraclinical data were analyzed. Results: A total of 24 patients with preeclampsia‐eclampsia associated PRES and 72 patients with PRES of other predisposing causes were included into the study. In preeclampsia‐eclampsia patients, headaches were significantly more frequent as initial PRES‐related symptom (P < 0.001), whereas altered mental state was significantly less frequent (P = 0.001). Thalamus, midbrain, and pons affection was significantly less frequent in preeclampsia‐eclampsia associated PRES (P = 0.01). Preeclampsia‐eclampsia patients had significantly less severe edema, less cytotoxic edema, hemorrhage and contrast enhancement, while more frequent complete resolution of edema and less frequent residual structural lesions were seen on follow‐up imaging. Conclusion: In our PRES cohort, we found major clinicoradiological differences between preeclampsia‐eclampsia and other predisposing causes pointing toward a less severe course of disease in preeclampsia‐eclampsia.     

Recurrent and atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with hypertension

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiologic entity with typical symptoms including headache, seizures, visual disturbance, altered mental status, vomiting, nausea and focal neurologic signs. In this article, we report recurrent and atypical PRES in a child with hypertension due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who was on a peritoneal dialysis program for 6 months. After the second hypertension attack, PRES findings did not recover and persisted as encephalomalacia. As far as we know, this case is the first child with ESRD who developed encephalomalacia after recurrent episodes of PRES. When a patient with a history of PRES presented with new clinical and neuroradiological findings, recurrent PRES should be considered.     

Ictal asystole in a patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and seizures

We describe a case of ictal asystole in a patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which has never been described previously. Ictal asystole is rare and has possible serious medical consequences, including syncope, and may be a potential mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Awareness that PRES may be observed with recurrent ictal asystole may aid in the recognition and treatment of seizures in this condition and the prevention of asystole‐associated complications.