卡维地洛固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出度的测定

目的 :制备卡维地洛固体分散体 ,提高其溶解度和溶速率。方法 :以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP)、聚乙二醇 -6000(PEG -6000)为载体 ,以溶剂法和熔融法制备固体分散体 ,并进行体外溶出度研究。结果 :载体比例越大 ,药物溶出愈快 ;载体比例愈小 ,差异愈显著。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出行为总体优于载体为PEG -6000的固体分散体。结论 :本试验所制卡维地洛固体分散体能加速体外溶出 ,提高生物利用度 ,可用于制备高效制剂     

卡维地洛固体分散体的制备与溶出度测定

目的：制备卡维地洛固体分散体,增加其溶解度和溶出速度。方法：以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、聚乙二醇－6000（PEG－6000）为载体,溶剂法和溶剂熔融法制备固体分散体,并进行体外溶出度研究。结果：载体比例越大,药物溶出愈快;且载体比例愈小,差异愈显著。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出为总体优于载体为PEG－6000的固体分散体。结论：本试验所制卡维地洛固体分散体能加速体外溶出,为难溶于水药物提高生物利用度开辟一条途径。     

甘草黄酮固体分散体的制备及体外溶出性能考察

目的:制备甘草黄酮(LF)-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP K30)固体分散体,并对其进行表征及体外释药性能考察。方法:分别以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP K30)、聚乙二醇(PEG 4000、 PEG 6000)、泊洛沙姆188(F68)以及胶态二氧化硅(SiO2)为载体,采用溶剂法或溶剂熔融法制备固体分散体,考察其体外释药性能,并利用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对固体分散体的结构特征进行表征。结果:以PVP K30为载体制备的固体分散体的体外溶出率优于其他载体制备的固体分散体,且以药物-载体比例1∶5时溶出度最佳。经DSC和FT-IR结果表明,固体分散体中的药物以无定形状态存在。结论:固体分散体技术能显著提高甘草黄酮的体外溶出度。     

水溶性呋喃西林固体分散体配方及工艺研究

目的 利用固体分散技术制备水溶性呋喃西林固体分散体,增加其溶解度.方法 选择聚乙二醇6000(PEG)为载体, 采用熔融法、溶剂-熔融法,按药物与载体1:3、1:6、1:9的比例分别制成不同的呋喃西林固体分散体,将呋喃西林原药与呋喃西林固体分散体进行体外溶出度试验和溶解度试验.结果 呋喃西林固体分散体的体外溶出度和溶解度与呋喃西林原药相比显著增大.结论 选择呋喃西林与聚乙二醇(PEG)-6000(1:6)及溶剂-熔融法作为水溶性呋喃西林固体分散体的配方及工艺,可使呋喃西林的溶解度提高.     

格列喹酮固体分散体的制备及溶出度测定

目的:制备格列喹酮固体分散体并考察其体外溶出性。方法:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP)、聚乙二醇6000(PEG)为载体,溶剂熔融法和溶剂法制备格列喹酮固体分散体,并与原料药比较体外溶出度。结果:载体比例越大,药物溶出愈快。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出行为总体优于载体为PEG者。格列喹酮-PVP固体分散体(1∶7)10min内体外溶出度达到70%以上,优于格列喹酮原料药。结论:成功制备了格列喹酮固体分散体。     

卡维他洛固体分散体的研制及其体外溶出实验

目的：制备卡维他洛固体分散体,增加其溶解度和溶出速度。方法：以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、聚乙二醇-6000（PEG-6000）为载体,溶剂法和溶剂熔融法制备固体分散体,并进行体外溶出度研究。结果：载体比例越大,药物溶出愈快;且载体比例愈小,差异愈显著。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出行为总体优于载体为PEG-6000的固体分散体。结论：本试验所制卡维地洛固体分散体能加速体外溶出,为难溶于水药物提高生物利用度开辟一条途径。     

尼美舒利固体分散体的制备及其性质考察

目的提高尼美舒利释放速率及生物利用度。方法分别以聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP k30)及泊洛沙姆188为载体,采用熔融法、溶剂法及溶剂-熔融法等制备尼美舒利固体分散体;考察载体类别及载体-药物质量比对释放的影响;配合差示扫描量热(DSC)分析与电子扫描电镜(SEM)观察考察药物在载体中的存在状态。结果尼美舒利以无定型状态存在于固体分散体中,载体类别不同、载体-药物质量比不同,药物的释放度不同。结论将尼美舒利制成固体分散体能显著增加尼美舒利的体外释放度。     

卡维地洛固体分散体的初步研制

目的:制备卡维地洛固体分散体并考察其体外溶出度。方法:以聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的混合物(2∶1、1∶2)为载体,采用溶剂熔融法和共沉淀法制备载体与药物不同比例的固体分散体并比较其体外溶出度。结果:药物溶出度随载体比例增加而增加;载体与药物比例越小,固体分散体与药物原料粉之间溶出度差异越显著;PEG∶PVP(1∶2)所制分散体体外溶出行为较优,以3、10、30、60min时溶出百分率进行比较,固体分散体是药物原料粉的3～8倍。结论:所制卡维地洛固体分散体能增加药物体外溶出度。     

阿托伐他汀钙泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及表征

目的:制备阿托伐他汀钙泊洛沙姆188(AC-P188)固体分散体,并对其进行表征。方法:以P188和聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)为载体材料,采用溶剂挥发法制备AC-P188固体分散体,以载药率、水中溶解度、体外累积释放度为指标,采用单因素试验筛选处方中P188、PEG6000用量;利用差示扫描量热(DSC)法、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)仪考察所制固体分散体中的晶型变化。结果:处方为0.5 g AC,4 g P188,4 g PEG6000;所制AC-P188固体分散体的载药率为89.97%,水中溶解度为1.57 mg/ml,体外累积释放度为92.69%;表征结果显示,AC可能以分子或无定形态均匀分散于载体中,AC与载体材料之间可能以氢键形式缔合。结论:成功制得AC-P188固体分散体,为提高阿托伐他汀钙的溶出和生物利用度提供了一定的理论基础。     

丹参酮固体分散体的制备及其体内外评价

目的 制备丹参酮固体分散体,并考察其体外溶出度和大鼠体内生物利用度.方法 以水溶性高分子材料聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)及十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)为载体,采用溶剂-熔融法制备丹参酮固体分散体,测定溶解度及体外溶出度,并应用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、傅立叶变换近红外光谱分析(FT-NIR)技术表征所制备的固体分散...     

顺铂植入剂植入给药的体内外相关性

 目的：探索顺铂植入剂的体内外相关性指标。方法：体内试验采用肿瘤局部植入给药,原子吸收光谱法测定血药浓度,建立药动学模型并计算体内吸收率;体外采用改良的大杯法测定体外释放度,取样时间点为预选的关联时间点;体内外相关按中华人民共和国药典规定的“点对点”方法进行。结果：体内药动学模型为一室缓释模型,体外释放为一级方程,体内外相关试验的对应时间点数n=10,统计自由度ν=9,体内外相关系数r=0.884 2,大于临界相关系数0.847 0（P=0.001）。结论：提示本试验的体内吸收和体外释放过程具有较好的相关性。     

盐酸氨溴索缓释片体内外相关性研究

目的考察盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释放度与体内吸收的相关性。方法应用释放度测定法研究盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释药行为 ,采用HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索缓释制剂在家犬体内的血药浓度 ,按照Wagner Nelson公式计算药物的吸收分数。 结果 3种自制盐酸氨溴索缓释片与参比制剂生物等效 ,以药物累积吸收百分数 f(t)与相应时刻的体外累积释放百分数F(t)建立的一元线性回归方程 ,参比制剂与 3种自制制剂的体内外相关系数分别为 0 969、0 979、0 970和 0 983。结论盐酸氨溴索缓释片的体外释放度与体内吸收具有显著的相关性。     

The effects of vitamin A on cells of innate immunity in vitro

Retinoid treatment is suggested to promote development of inflammatory bowel disease, although preclinical studies are not supportive. We evaluated the effect of retinoids on cytokine response in in vitro-differentiated human dendritic cells (ivDCs) and macrophages (ivMACs) derived from healthy human donors and in cultured human THP-1 cells. Effect on human intestinal epithelial cell integrity was also assessed. Each cell type was incubated (±lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis-RA (isotretinoin) and 4-oxo-13-cis-RA. Cytokine analysis was performed by array analysis. Cultured human endothelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were incubated with these retinoids and media analyzed for leakage by spectrofluorometric analysis. ATRA consistently and significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β. All retinoids tested stimulated release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-10, and also monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and eotaxin-1. Incubation with retinoids did not significantly alter the permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. Pre-treatment of each cell type with retinoids promoted an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile with only minimal effect on intestinal epithelial cell permeability; consistent with in vivo studies.     

In Vitro-In Vivo Relationship of Oral Extended-Release Dosage Forms

Purpose. A method to establish the in vitro-in vivo relationship of oral extended-release products is proposed. Methods. The approach utilizes incremental amounts of drug released and absorbed within defined time intervals, to construct a ² distributed variable for testing in vitro-in vivo similarity. Results. A case study is used to demonstrate that the similarities between incremental values of in vivo absorbed and in vitro dissolved fractions are distinguishable for different dissolution profiles despite naturally significant linear correlations between cumulative in vivo absorbed and in vitro dissolved fractions (with different dissolution tests) of an oral extended-release product. Conclusions. The method enables investigators to compare different in vitro dissolution profiles of an oral extended-release product to find an optimized dissolution profile to be the surrogate of the in vivo release process of the product.     

一种简易的肠道脂酶抑制剂体内筛选方法

肥胖症已成为一种严重危及人类生命的疾病,它不仅影响人们的生活质量,而且可以引发高血压、冠心病、高血脂、Ⅱ型糖尿病、某些癌症和其它疾病.胃肠道脂肪酶抑制药物是新一代的减肥药物,其主要作用是选择性的抑制胃肠道胰脂肪酶的活性,减少小肠脂肪的吸收,达到减肥效果,其中赛尼可(奥利司他)[1]为第一个上市的此类药物.但对于它的实验室研究[2],国内外文献很少有这方面的报道,故建立一个简易有效的肠道脂酶抑制剂动物筛选方法,为开发此类药物提供依据.     

Venoconstrictor responses to ergosine and ergosinine: Evidence for the isomerization of ergosinine

Ergosine and its D-isolysergic acid derivative ergosinine were investigated on canine saphenous veins both in vivo and in vitro. Following local i.v. infusion in vivo, about 5 times higher doses of ergosinine were necessary to produce the same venoconstrictor response as induced by ergosine. When administered orally, however, both ergot alkaloids were equi-effective. In vitro methiothepin, a 5-HT receptor blocker with high affinity for 5-HT₁ receptors, antagonized venoconstrictor responses to 5-HT and ergosine within the same concentration range, being significantly less potent when tested against norepinephrine. The reverse was true for the α₂-selective adrenoceptor blocker yohimbine, which was significantly more potent against norepinephrine and ergosine than against 5-HT, suggesting that ergosine has affinity to both 5-HT₁-like receptors and α₂-adrenoceptors. Concentration-response curves to norepinephrine were shifted to the right in a parallel fashion when ergosine or ergosinine were present in the organ baths, suggesting competitive antagonism. The blocking potency of ergosinine increased with increasing incubation times in Krebs-Henseleit solution becoming similar to that of ergosine when an incubation time of 2 hr was applied. It is suggested that the pharmacological activity of ergosinine is the consequence of an isomerization into its natural stereoisomer ergosine, which may occur both in vivo and in vitro.     

氟罗沙星的体内外试验相关性研究

本文研究了新型喹诺酮类药物氟罗沙星体外溶出与体内吸收之间的相关性。实验表明，本品口服吸收在血清中达峰时间较快，作用持久，消除半衰期为９．６０ｈｒ。在人工胃液中溶出速率较快，在血清达峰之前，体内吸收与体外溶出量之间呈现良好的相关性。     

黄芩苷化合物现代常用测定方法的分析比较

黄芩的主要有效成分黄芩苷具有抗菌消炎、解热镇痛、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降压及利尿等作用。黄芩苷是许多复方中药制剂的主要成分,而中药成分复杂,对分析技术也有特定的要求。本文对黄芩苷测定技术分光光度法、色谱法、红外光谱分析法等进行了综述。     

Correlation of ‘in vitro’ release and ‘in vivo’ absorption characteristics of rifampicin from ethylcellulose coated nonpareil beads

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to develop different levels of correlation between in vitro dissolution parameters and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for three rifampicin formulations. A level A correlation of in vitro release and in vivo absorption could be obtained for individual plasma level data by means of the Wagner and Nelson method. Linear correlation could be obtained when percent dose released in vitro was plotted vs percent dose absorbed in vivo with correlation coefficients between 0.954, 0.983 and 0.997 for the formulations studied. A second level correlation between mean in vitro dissolution time (MDT) and mean in vivo residence time (MRT) was performed with a correlation coefficient of 0.536, 0.420 and 0.335. Finally, it was also possible to establish a good in vitro–in vivo correlation when the T_50%hrs (time taken to release 50% of rifampicin) in vitro and C_max, T_max or AUC in vivo were compared.