复发性脑卒中危险因素研究

[目的] 探讨复发性脑卒中(RS)的危险因素,为预防脑卒中复发提供依据。[方法] 采取回顾性调查研究方法,抽取2012年7—9月在天津中医药大学第一附属医院住院符合纳入标准的脑卒中病例,调查了患者常见脑卒中危险因素。通过Logistic回归分析研究危险因素与脑卒中复发的关系。[结果] 研究纳入315例脑卒中病例,其中首发脑卒中(FS)患者178例, RS患者137例。分析结果显示年龄、性格、高血压、家族史等4个因素有统计学意义。其中年龄较大(OR=1.03,95%CI 1.00～1.05)、有高血压基础病(OR=2.42,95%CI 1.28～4.56)、有家族史(OR=2.22,95%CI 1.24～3.99)为危险因素,而温和型性格趋向保护因素(OR=0.48,95%CI 0.28～0.82)。[结论] 年龄、性格、高血压、家族史等因素与复发性脑卒中的发生密切相关。     

经颅多普勒超声和高分辨率磁共振成像对老年脑卒中的诊断价值

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声和高分辨率磁共振成像对老年脑卒中的诊断价值。 方法 选择2010年8月~2014年10月在笔者医院进行诊治的老年脑卒中患者140例,都进行经颅多普勒超声检查血流情况,同时进行高分辨率磁共振成像检查病变情况。 结果 脑卒中患者的患侧大脑中动脉和大脑前动脉Vs、Vm与Vd值都明显低于健侧 (P<0.05)。脑卒中患者的患侧大脑中动脉和大脑前动脉PI值明显高于健侧,而RI值对比差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声检测,140例患者中颈动脉增厚113例,动脉粥样斑块78例;而高分辨率磁共振成像判断为颈动脉病变Ⅰ型65例,Ⅱ型35例,Ⅲ型24例,Ⅳ型16例。Pearson相关性结果表明超声表现与高分辨率磁共振成像判断存在明显相关性(r=0.722,P<0.05)。 结论 经颅多普勒超声和高分辨率磁共振成像对老年脑卒中的诊断能共同通过对血流动力学参数的检测与病变性质的判定,为临床早期治疗提供可靠的依据,值得推广应用。     

血清白蛋白对艾滋病合并重度肺孢子菌肺炎患者预后的评估价值

目的 探讨血清白蛋白水平对艾滋病（AIDS）合并重度肺孢子菌肺炎（PCP）患者预后的评估价值。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院感染科2008年1月~2015年12月收治的AIDS合并重度PCP患者的临床资料,根据住院期间是否死亡将患者分为存活组和死亡组。收集两组患者的一般资料及实验室检测结果,采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出影响患者预后的独立危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）对其预后价值进行评估。结果 共纳入94例AIDS合并重度PCP患者,男性88例,女性6例,患者平均年龄40.3±11.4岁;CD4计数0~289个/微升,中位数15个/微升。存活组43例,死亡组51例。死亡组患者年龄明显高于存活组（P<0.05）;而CD4计数、动脉氧分压（PaO₂）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）以及血清白蛋白（ALB）水平明显低于存活组（P<0.05）,多因素Logistic回归分析显示血清ALB是影响AIDS合并重度PCP患者预后的独立危险因素（P=0.000）。血清ALB水平对AIDS合并重度PCP预后的ROC曲线下面积0.944（95%可信区间：0.890~0.998）,P=0.000,血清白蛋白<25.8g/L提示预后不良的敏感度为90.7%,特异性为94.1%。结论 AIDS合并重度PCP病死率高,血清白蛋白水平与其预后具有一定相关性,发生低蛋白血症会增加AIDS合并重度PCP患者的死亡风险,故监测血清白蛋白水平对评估患者预后具有重要意义。     

新疆维吾尔族急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后与5-脂氧合酶激活蛋白SG13S32位点及危险因素的相关性研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族人群急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后与5-脂氧合酶激活蛋白(5-lipoxygenase-activating,ALOX5AP)基因SG13S32位点、年龄、性别、就诊时间等危险因素的相关性。 方法 选取194例新疆地区急性缺血性脑卒中经相同药物治疗后的维吾尔族患者,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测ALOX5AP基因SG13S32位点多态性,采用队列研究的统计分析方法比较不同基因型人群的短期预后改善情况,并经Logistic逐步回归分析,得出预后相关独立因素。 结果 5-脂氧合酶激活蛋白基因SG13S32位点不同基因型间维吾尔族急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后改善差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.336,P=0.562)。经Logistic逐步回归分析,年龄、就诊时间及纤维蛋白原为影响维吾尔族急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的独立因素。 结论 5-脂氧合酶激活蛋白基因SG13S32位点不同基因型之间急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后改善没有明显差异,且不是影响维吾尔族急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后的独立危险因素。年龄、就诊时间及纤维蛋白原可影响急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后改善。     

脑卒中患者脑萎缩的相关危险因素分析

目的 探索影响脑卒中后脑萎缩的独立危险因素。方法 选取合并有脑卒中史的脑萎缩患者150例作为观察组,同期182例脑卒中患者对照组。收集患者的一般情况及既往史,用颈动脉超声对患者进行双侧颈总动脉检测,利用磁共振成像进行颈内动脉狭窄检测。利用Logistic多因素回归分析脑卒中后脑萎缩的独立影响因素。利用ROC曲线分析脑卒中后脑萎缩的潜在评估指标。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,心肌梗死或心绞痛,心房颤动、大脑中动脉平均血流速度、颈内动脉颅内段平均血流速度、糖尿病对脑卒中后脑萎缩发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,ROC曲线分析发现,大脑中动脉平均血流速度联合颈内动脉颅内段平均血流速度评估脑卒中后脑萎缩的准确性较高（AUC=0.864）。结论 大脑中动脉和颈内动脉颅内段检测可预防脑卒中后脑萎缩,对于有相关病史的脑卒中患者及早进行脑萎缩预防有重要临床意义。     

地高辛治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病伴房颤患者全因死亡Cox回归分析

目的 探讨口服地高辛对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)伴房颤患者远期全因死亡风险的影响。方法 回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年5月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的CHD伴房颤患者306例。根据是否口服地高辛分为口服地高辛组(n=97)和未口服地高辛组(n=209)。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线及log-rank检验比较两组患者的3年累积生存率,通过构建多因素Cox回归模型分析口服地高辛组患者全因死亡的危险因素。结果 截止2021年5月,共获得294例患者患者的生存资料,其中口服地高辛组93例,未口服地高辛组201例。口服地高辛组死亡32例,未口服地高辛组死亡19例;口服地高辛组患者3年累积生存率(65.59%)低于未口服地高辛组(90.54%)(HR=5.351,95%CI:2.909~9.843,P<0.05);多因素Cox回归分析矫正显示,口服地高辛是导致CHD伴房颤患者死亡危险因素(HR=2.444,95%CI:1.247~4.791,P<0.05)。结论 口服地高辛可能增加CHD伴房颤患者的全因死亡风险。     

调强放疗模式下青年鼻咽癌患者的预后分析

目的 探讨调强放疗(intensity-modulated radiotherapy,IMRT)模式下青年鼻咽癌患者的生存分析与预后因素。 方法 回顾性分析2004年1月~2007年12月在笔者医院接受IMRT的青年鼻咽癌患者(年龄≤35岁)的临床资料,进行相关预后分析。 结果 101例患者5年无局部区域复发生存率、总生存率(OS)、无远处转移生存率(DFFS)及无瘤生存率(DFS)分别为93.8%、85.0%、79.9%和76.6%。多因素分析表明N分期是OS(P=0.018)、DFFS(P=0.001)及DFS(P=0.003)的独立预后因素。性别在本研究中是DFFS(P=0.050)的独立预后因素。 结论 IMRT治疗青年鼻咽癌可获得较好的局部区域控制率及总生存率,N分期是影响青年鼻咽癌调强放疗远期疗效的相关预后因素,远处转移是治疗失败的主要原因。     

hs-CRP IL-6及PLR联合检测对维持性血液透析患者预后的预测价值

目的 探究超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)联合血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)检测对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年5月宜兴市人民医院收治的82例MHD患者临床资料。按出院后1年是否生存分为死亡组(15例)和存活组(67例)。对比死亡组和存活组基线资料及临床资料,通过logistic多因素回归分析影响MHD患者生存的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以曲线下面积(AUC)分析hs-CRP、IL-6联合PLR对MHD患者预后的预测效能。结果 死亡组营养不良占比、hs-CRP、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及PLR均高于存活组,残肾滤过率低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,残肾滤过率、hs-CRP、IL-6及PLR均为影响MHD患者预后的危险因素(OR=2.863、3.108、2.754、3.330,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,hs-CRP、IL-6及PLR联合检测预测MHD患者预后的AUC为0.936,高于该3指标单独检测预测的AUC(Z=2.389,P=0.017;Z=2.540,P=0.011;Z=3.133,P=0.002)。结论 hs-CRP、IL-6联合PLR检测对MHD患者预后的评估效能较高,可作为临床评估该类患者预后的重要参考指标。     

血运重建优化策略对老年T2DM合并ACS冠脉多支病变患者预后的影响

目的 探讨血运重建优化策略对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并急性冠脉综合征（ACS）冠脉多支病变（MVD）患者预后的影响。方法 根据不同血运重建策略将2015年1月至2016年5月行经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）的95例老年T2DM合并ACS的MVD患者分为完全血运重建（CR）组与部分血运重建（IR）组。比较两组基线资料、冠脉造影结果、介入治疗情况、术后1年主要心血管不良事件（MACE）及生活质量的差异。结果 两组性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病史、高脂血症病史、药物使用情况、冠脉造影结果比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;CR组置入支架数多于IR组（P<0.05）;术后1年全因死亡、心源性死亡、再次血运重建、非致死性心肌梗死发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,CR组心绞痛复发率低于IR组（P<0.05）;CR组总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、活力、精神健康差值（术后1年数值-术前数值）均高于IR组（P<0.05）。结论 IR和CR对老年T2DM合并ACS的MVD患者预后相当,但CR对改善心绞痛症状和提高患者生活质量较优。     

合并糖尿病的老年肺炎住院患者营养风险评估及短期预后

目的 使用老年营养风险评分（geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI）评价因社区获得性肺炎（community acquired pneumonia,CAP）住院的老年糖尿病患者的营养风险,评估GNRI对短期预后的预测价值。方法 回顾分析2015年1月~2016年6月因CAP收住首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科病房的年龄65岁及以上糖尿病患者114例,另选择同期住院的非糖尿病老年患者55例作为对照组,分析比较两组患者GNRI评分及PSI评分。以GNRI=92分为界限,将糖尿病组分为GNRI<92分（n=43）和GNRI≥92（n=71）分两个亚组,比较亚组间PSI评分,呼吸机（有创、无创）使用的发生率,住院病死率及出院患者2周内再住院率的差异。分析GNRI等各因素与住院病死率的相关性。结果 糖尿病组患者GNRI评分低于非糖尿病组（89.27±6.30,93.26±8.29,P<0.05）;糖尿病组内比较,GNRI<92亚组PSI评分及住院病死率均显著高于GNRI≥92亚组（99.65±18.85,92.19±13.36,P=0.015;25.6%,8.45%,P=0.013）;对糖尿病组住院死亡相关危险因素分析显示,GNRI评分,血浆白蛋白水平与不良事件发生率呈负相关（r=-0.247,P=0.008;r=-0.303,P=0.001）,同时PSI,冠心病史与住院死亡发生呈正相关（r=0.168,P=0.024;r=-0.153,P=0.016）。结论 老年糖尿病CAP患者存在较大营养风险,营养风险高的短期预后较差,使用GNRI评分有助于预测短期预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.