肺泡微石症的平片与CT对照研究

目的：探讨肺泡微石症的平片与ＣＴ表现、成像机制及诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析４例（男女各２例，年龄２１－３２岁）经活检病理证实或临床综合诊断的肺泡微石症平片与ＣＴ表现。结果：Ｘ线表现：４例平片均显示两肺有弥漫分布的细砂粒状微结节，３例中下肺野偏多，２例心包及横膈廓不清，２例有所谓的叶间裂增及心包钙化影、１例舌叶实变。ＣＴ表现：肺穿示肺实质内有无数细小的粟粒结节，多在胸膜下密集融全昌斌 ３例并局     

肺泡微石症的影像学诊断

目的　探讨肺泡微石症的影像学诊断依据。方法　回顾分析 5例经活检病理证实或临床综合确诊的肺泡微石症X平片、CT、HRCT征象 ,了解病变部位和病变数量。结果　X平片示 ;两肺有弥漫分布的细沙粒状阴影 ,两下肺野较多 ,且内带较外带多 ,显示肺野密度增浓 ;两上肺分布较少 ,肺野透光度尚可 ,但较正常人密度增高。CT表现 :两肺弥漫性对称性分布细小沙粒状结节 ,中下肺较密集。部分融合成较大结节 ,形成大小不等的薄层致密带 ,CT值约 2 5 0～ 70 0HU ,多合并不同程度的肺气肿和间质纤维化。纵隔窗呈“火焰征”或“白描征”。HRCT表现 :细小结节是沿支气管血管束和胸膜下分布。结论　此病影像表现具有特征性 ,胸部平片仍是发现本病的基本手段 ,CT尤其HRCT对本病的诊断和鉴别诊断起决定性作用     

肺泡微石症的影像学表现及随访观察

目的：探讨肺泡微石症的影像学表现和发展变化规律。方法：搜集3例同胞肺泡微石症患者的临床、影像学资料，回顾性分析其X线平片、CT、MRI的长期随访变化，结果：3例胸片均呈典型的“暴风沙”状改变。与对24例前胸片相比，随年龄和病程的增长，肺内微结节和间质纤维化均有不同程度的增多。常规CT肺窗示3例两肺实质内均见弥漫性微结节影，以中下肺野的胸膜下及支气管血管束了为密集，伴有不同和蔼的纤维化，纵隔窗见肺野内结节影和钙化影，形成“白描征”和“火焰征”，高分辨率CT（HRCT）可更清晰、更真实地显示肺内微结石、微小气肿和间质纤维化的范围和程度。MRI表现为两肺野漫性T1WI略高信号、T2WI低信号影。结论：胸部平片仍是发现本病最基本的手段，CT可全面地了解疾病的病理状况，在本病的诊断与鉴别诊断中起决定性作用，MRI作用有限。     

肺良性结节HRCT－病理对照研究

目的：本文对３３例肺良性结节进行高分辨力ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）－病理对照研究。目的是探讨肺良性结节的ＨＲＣＴ周围特征、病理基础以及诊断价值。材料与方法：前瞻性分析病理确诊的３３例肺良性结节的ＨＲＣＴ周围特征，并作相应的病理对照研究。随机选择１０例肺原发性小肺癌作对照。通过两位有经验的放射科医师，双盲法观察肺结节周围４种ＨＲＣＴ征象：（１）ＣＴ晕征；（２）ＣＴ血管造影征；（３）周围性肺气肿；（４）灶周线状影。采用相关分析法，确定４种ＨＲＣＴ征象与肺内良性结节的相关性。结果：３３例肺良性结节ＨＲＣＴ－病理对照研究表明：ＣＴ晕征多见于肺部炎性病灶和肺结核瘤（敏感性７９％，特异性８９％）；ＣＴ血管造影征根据结节的部位良恶性各有差异；周围性肺气肿在病理上是由于炎症过程溶蛋白酶活性和瘢痕病变所致；灶周长线状影在良恶性结节无显著差异，短线状影有显著性差异。结论：ＣＴ晕征、ＣＴ血管造影征和周围性肺气肿对于≤３ｃｍ的肺内良性结节的ＨＲＣＴ诊断有重要价值     

肺良性结节HRCT—病理对照研究

目的：本文对３３例肺良性结节进行高分辨力ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）－病理对照研究。目的是探讨肺良性结节的ＨＲＣＴ周期特征、病理基础以及诊断价值。材料方法：前瞻怀分析病理确主仍的３３例肺良性结节的ＨＲＣＴ周围特征，并作相应的病理对照研究，随机选择１０例肺原发性小肺癌作对照。通过两位有经验的放射科医师，双盲法观察肺结节周围４种ＨＲＣＴ征象：（１）ＣＴ晕征；（２）ＣＴ血管造影征；（３）周围性肺气肿（４）灶周线 影     

肺结节周围血管集中征在小肺癌诊断中的价值

目的：探讨肺结节周围血管集中征的ＣＴ表现及病理机制。材料和方法：对４５例孤立性肺结节进行３ｍｍ以下的薄层ＣＴ扫描，病灶局部放大并采用适当的窗宽、窗位技术。结果：显示肺血管集中征２２例，其中良性结节２例，小肺癌２０例。结论：肺血管集中征对诊断周围型小肺癌具有重要的临床价值，ＣＴ薄层扫描有助于肺内良恶性病灶的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

肺泡微石症的高分辨CT表现

肺泡微石症的高分辨ＣＴ表现徐从德，陈祖望，蒋亚平肺泡微石症的胸部Ｘ线表现在国内外文献中报道不多。有关本病的胸部高分辨ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）征象，国内外文献报道甚少。本院收治１例，作ＨＲＣＴ检查，现报告如下。患者男，２５岁。于８年前在外作体检时发现患肺泡微石...     

肺泡微石症的影像学诊断

目的：探讨肺泡微石症的影像学特征。方法;报道肺泡微石症6例,全部病例均行胸部X线检查,2例行常规CT,1例行HRCT。并对全部影像学表现进行了回顾性分析。结果：6例胸片表现为弥漫粟粒样微细结节（2例）。“鱼子样”或“暴风沙样”（2例）、“白肺样”（1例）及高密度“面纱样”改变（1例）,CT可明确肺内微细结节的钙化密度,肺尖部气肿样改变及支气管血管束增粗并呈钙化密度,HRCT则可进一步显示肺野磨砂玻璃样改变,小叶间隔,叶间胸膜及支气管血管束钙化密度与串珠状增厚,小叶中心分布的微细结节与胸膜下蜂窝,结论：肺泡微石症是一种罕见病,其影像学表现具有特征性,影像学检查尤以HRCT检查对该病的诊断有决定性作用。     

肺泡蛋白沉积症的CT诊断

目的：探讨肺泡蛋白沉积症的ＣＴ表现和诊断价值。方法：４例均有完整的临床、实验室以及胸片和高分辩率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）检查资料,４例均经肺泡灌洗术,其中３例经纤支镜检、１例经肺穿刺活检病理证实。对其ＣＴ表现进行回顾性分析。结果：本病在ＨＲＣＴ象上呈多样化改变：从弥散分布的较模糊的结节影到弥漫性斑片云雾状肺实变阴影与磨玻璃影,呈地图样分布;多见蜂窝状、网状间质性表现,同时伴有病变范围内光滑的小叶间隔增厚。     

空泡征的CT－病理再研究

目的：探讨小肺癌内空泡征的病理基础、ＣＴ表现及其诊断价值。材料与方法：对直径≤３ｃｍ的９７个恶性结节、２７个良性结节进行了病理与ＣＴ的对照研究。结果：在恶性病例中，ＣＴ图像上显示空泡征占３６％（３５／９７），证实了空泡征的病理基础是肿瘤内未被癌组织取代的含气肺组织，未闭细支气管，肿瘤坏死及肺泡癌中的含气腺腔。结论：ＣＴ检查在显示空泡征中具有重要价值。     

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: clinical and radiological course of three cases according to conventional radiology and HRCT. A hypothesis for radiological classification

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare chronic disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The disease is characterized by the diffuse presence in the alveoli of minute calcific deposits known as microliths. In most cases patients have mild clinical symptoms, contrasting with the severe radiographic appearance: this is a typical feature that should raise the suspicion of PAM. The first to describe the clinical and radiographic aspects of the disease, as well as the first case series, was the radiologist Sosman. In recent years, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has made it possible to define the extent and severity of the disease more precisely, and has demonstrated calcifications in anatomical sites that could not be shown by conventional radiology. The present paper describes the radiological evolution of the disease, and suggests a classification based on the radiographic and HRCT follow-up of the three clinical cases: two young patients followed up for 24 and 11 years and one elderly man who is still alive and is the PAM case with the longest survival since diagnosis, over 50 years, to be reported in the international literature.     

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: CT findings

We present five cases with confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis that illustrate the appearance of this rare chronic lung disease on conventional and high-resolution CT. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is characterized by widespread intraalveolar calcification of both lungs. Conventional CT confirmed the inferior and posterior predominance of the lesions in four of our cases and showed an exceptionally high concentration of microliths in the subpleural parenchyma and along the bronchovascular bundles. High-resolution CT revealed a perilobular and bronchovascular distribution of the disease process at the level of the secondary pulmonary lobule. This pattern correlated closely with pathologic findings.     

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: imaging characteristics of planar and SPECT/CT bone scan versus 18F-FDG and 18F-sodium fluoride PET/CT scanning

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a very rare disease in which multiple microscopic calcium phosphate microliths are deposited within the alveoli of both lungs. A lung biopsy is considered to be definitive for final diagnosis; however, non-invasive imaging modalities such as chest X-ray, HRCT scan and ^99mTc-MDP bone scan suggest the diagnosis in the vast majority of patients. Although ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT has been tried to characterize the disease, ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride PET/CT as a ‘proof-of-principle’ was tried for the first time in a known case of PAM in order to characterize the lung lesions. Interestingly, we noted that ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride PET/CT is a superior modality in characterization and assessment of the extent of disease in PAM compared to all other non-invasive imaging modalities. Thus, we recommend that ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride PET/CT should be the investigation of choice in PAM.     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病的CT表现(附5例报告)

目的 探讨肺淋巴管肌瘤病CT表现以期提高对该病的认识水平。资料与方法 对5例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病CT资料进行回顾性分析。所有病例均行胸部常规CT及HRCT扫描；其中1例行腹部CT扫描。结果 常规胸部CT见两肺密度减低，偶见囊状影，相应水平HRCT清晰显示全肺囊状影，无分布差异。随病程进展，囊状影数目增多，部分融合成肺大泡或气胸。1例伴右肾错构瘤及后腹膜淋巴结肿大，随访3年腹部病灶无明显改变。结论 常规CT可显示肺淋巴管肌瘤病部分肺部改变，而HRCT全面显示肺部异常，已成为本病的基本影像检查方法；肺外表现系重要的诊断佐证。     

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis presenting with crazy-paving pattern on high resolution CT

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is an uncommon chronic disease characterized by calcifications within the alveoli and a paucity of symptoms in contrast to the imaging findings. We present a 59-year-old woman with a 4-year history of shortness of breath on exertion. Lung auscultation revealed random wheezes and fine and coarse crackles. Pulmonary function tests showed a restrictive pattern. The chest radiograph demonstrated a bilateral symmetric micronodular pattern. High resolution CT scan revealed diffuse ground-glass attenuation with superimposed septal thickening ("crazy-paving" pattern). The patient underwent a lung biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of PAM. Our case demonstrates that PAM needs to be considerate in the differential diagnosis of lung lesions that present with crazy-paving pattern on the high resolution CT.     

磨玻璃样改变的HRCT检查及其对弥漫性肺疾病的诊断价值

评价肺部磨玻璃样改变的高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）检查、病理基础以及它在弥漫性肺疾病（ＤＰＤ）中的诊断价值。材料和方法：一组连续的经病理学检查或临床综合其它各种检查而明确诊断的弥漫性肺疾病，经普通Ｘ线、ＣＴ和ＨＲＣＴ检查，ＨＲＣＴ采用层厚为１－１．５ｍｍ，间隔为１０ｍｍ，高空间频率重建算法。有病理学结果者则与之对照。结果：本组ＤＰＤ包括７３例，ＨＲＣＴ显示磨玻璃样改变征象１６例，分别为过敏性肺炎５例、淋巴瘤ｌ例、皮肌炎２例、特发性肺纤维化３例、类风湿性肺炎２例、放射性肺炎１例和肺水肿２例。普通Ｘ线仅显示９例（Ｐ＜０．０１）。病理学上磨玻璃样改变由肺泡腔内渗出、肺泡间隔增厚所致。结论：ＨＲＣＴ是显示肺部早期异常表现——磨玻璃样改变十分有效的方法，但对弥漫性肺疾病的鉴别诊断缺乏特异性。     

肺部孤立结节钙化征象的HRCT评价

目的：本文旨在评价良恶性孤立结节（ＳＰＮＳ）的钙化征象在高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）上的差异。材料和方法：分析一组连续的资料，共５９例，其中４３例经病理学证实，１６例经临床诊断和随访明确。结果：３０例良性中的１２例（４０％），２９例恶性中的４例（１３石的）可见钙化征象（Ｐ＜０．０５）。钙化的形态有三种，１）结节状或斑炔状，２）点状，３）沙粒状。结节状或斑块状钙化是良性的特征。良恶性钙化分布不同，良性多位于中央，恶性则为偏心性的。ＨＲＣＴ所显示的１６例钙化中普通ＣＴ扫描仅显示３例。结论：ＨＲＣＴ上钙化征象多见于良性ＳＰＮＳ．但并非良性病变所特有，钙化对良恶性结节的鉴别有一定的参考价值。在钙化的显示上，ＨＲＣＴ明显优于普通Ｘ线及常规ＣＴ扫描。     

肺癌性淋巴管炎的高分辨率CT诊断价值

目的探讨肺癌性淋巴管炎（PLC）高分辨率CT的影像学表现及诊断价值。方法经临床病理和随访证实8例肺癌性淋巴管炎的肺部HRCT影像学资料进行回顾性分析。结果 8例中,PLC的HRCT影像表现为支气管血管束周围间质不规则形及串珠状增厚5例,小叶间隔增厚,呈网格状改变5例,小结节状影沿胸膜下间质、小叶间隔、支气管血管束蔓延6例,肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大4例,胸腔积液4例;胸椎椎体及附件溶骨性破坏2例。结论小叶间隔结节状增厚是PLC较为特征性CT表现。HRCT对PLC诊断与鉴别诊断具有一定价值。