血吸虫病疫苗联合免疫的研究进展

血吸虫病疫苗是减轻血吸虫感染、控制血吸虫病传播的重要措施。为提高血吸虫病疫苗的免疫效果,国内外通过不同抗原基因的连接、不同疫苗抗原的组合或从噬菌体肽库中筛选到若干个不同抗原表位的混合等途径来实现复合疫苗或多种单一疫苗的联合免疫,并取得较好的成果。     

血吸虫病DNA疫苗联合免疫研究进展

血吸虫病是严重危害人类健康的人兽共患寄生虫病，疫苗是预防控制血吸虫病的重要手段。为提高血吸虫病疫苗的免疫效果，国内外通过不同抗原基因的连接、不同疫苗抗原的组合或从噬菌体肽库中筛选到若干个不同抗原表位的混合等途径，来实现复合疫苗或多种单一疫苗的联合免疫，并取得较好的成果。     

汉滩病毒核酸疫苗滴鼻及皮肤划痕免疫小鼠的比较研究

目的观察汉滩病毒的DNA疫苗滴鼻及皮肤划痕免疫诱导机体产生的免疫应答,探索汉滩病毒DNA疫苗新的免疫途径。方法采用不同剂量50μg、10μg、1μg的裸露质粒pcDNA3.1B-S1,3分别进行滴鼻及皮肤划痕免疫小鼠,采用ELISA方法分别检测血清及粪便中特异性抗体变化,观察其诱导的系统和黏膜免疫反应的差异。结果用汉滩病毒核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,通过表皮划痕方式其诱导体液免疫在50μg剂量时与滴鼻途径相当,在10μg及1μg低剂量时优于滴鼻途径,但在黏膜免疫方面,其明显不如滴鼻途径。结论滴鼻免疫对特异的黏膜免疫激发作用明显优于皮肤划痕,疫苗的滴鼻免疫途径较皮肤划痕有着明显的优势。     

寄生虫DNA疫苗免疫途径和剂量的研究进展

DNA疫苗又称核酸疫苗或基因疫苗,能在体内引起特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫应答。免疫应答的水平受多种因素的影响。该文就影响寄生虫DNA疫苗免疫效果的途径和剂量等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

DNA疫苗在变应性疾病方面的研究进展

DBA疫苗是近10年来疫苗研究的热点并显示了很好的前景,其在变应性疾病方向的应用研究包括疾病的发生机制、黏膜免疫、DNA疫苗的免疫机制、结构、载体、佐剂、免疫途径和免疫方法等方面。     

日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗pVIVO2-Sj14-Sj23免疫方案的研究

目的研究双价DNA疫苗pVIVO2-Sj14-Sj23在不同免疫剂量、免疫次数、免疫有效时间及不同免疫途径的最佳免疫方案。方法构建和制备双价DNA疫苗pVIVO2-Sj14-Sj23;110只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分成11组,每组10只,按照四因素三水平分成2个对照组和9个实验组。各组统一在末次免疫后30d每鼠感染(40±2)条日本血吸虫尾蚴,感染后45d剖杀,计数成虫虫荷。结果双价DNA疫苗9个实验组获得40.14%～62.68%的减虫率。通过SPSS12.0进行正交设计的统计分析:F值0.05。免疫剂量,免疫次数,免疫途径和免疫有效时间几个因素间差异无统计学意义。结论实验结果提示该疫苗的较好免疫方案为:50μg/只,免疫2次,采取皮内注射,免疫有效时间至少为12周。     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗接种小鼠产生免疫后胃炎的影响因素

目的:研究幽门螺杆菌(H pylorl)疫苗接种小鼠产生免疫后胃炎的影响因素．方法:将H pylori疫苗免疫C57BL／6和BALB／c的小鼠,观察攻击后胃黏膜H pylori定植和炎症情况．将H pylori疫苗免疫C57BL／6小鼠,然后予不同菌量的H pylori攻击,观察胃黏膜H Pylori定植和炎症情况．将H pylori疫苗经口和经腹腔免疫C57BL／6小鼠,观察攻击后胃黏膜H pylori定植和炎症情况.对感染H pylori的C57BL／6小鼠予H pylori疫苗治疗,观察治疗免疫后胃黏膜H pylori定植和炎症情况．结果:不同品系的小鼠免疫保护程度无明显差异,但C57BL／6小鼠免疫后胃炎重于BALB／c小鼠．接受不同攻击茵量的小鼠保护程度无明显差异,但大的攻击茵量可诱导更严重的免疫后炎症．不同免疫途径诱导的免疫保护程度及攻击后不同时间点的炎症程度均无显著性差异．治疗性免疫导致H pylori定植明显降低,同时也引发更为严重的胃炎．结论:在不同的免疫宿主、免疫途径和治疗性免疫中均存在免疫后胃炎．免疫后胃炎的强弱程度受免疫宿主和攻击菌量的影响．     

恶性疟原虫CSP基因重组蛋白及DNA免疫诱导小鼠体液免疫应答比较

本文利用恶性疟原虫FCC1/HN株环子孢子蛋白 (PfCSP)基因DNA质粒通过不同途径、不同剂量免疫小鼠 ,观察其产生的体液免疫应答反应 ,并将其与相应的重组表达蛋白疫苗进行比较。结果显示 :DNA免疫刺激机体产生抗体反应强度的免疫途径依次为肌肉、静脉和皮下 ;宿主对DNA免疫存在一定的剂量依赖性 ;ELISA和Dot -ELISA检测免疫后 4周和 7周 ,DNA质粒组刺激机体产生抗体的滴度均显著低于相应的重组蛋白组。表明PfCSPDNA疫苗与重组表达蛋白疫苗均可刺激小鼠产生特异性体液免疫应答 ,但前者诱导高滴度的抗体反应需要更长的时间     

日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗pVIV02-Sj14-Sj23免疫方案的研究

目的研究双价DNA疫苗pVIV02-Sj14-Sj23在不同免疫剂量、免疫次数、免疫有效时间及不同免疫途径的最佳免疫方案。方法 构建和制备双价DNA疫苗pVIV02-Sj14-Sj23;110只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分成11组,每组10只,按照四因素三水平分成2个对照组和9个实验组。各组统一在末次免疫后30 d每鼠感染（40士2）条日本血吸虫尾蚴,感染后45 d剖杀,计数成虫虫荷。结果双价DNA疫苗9个实验组获得40.14%～62. 68%的减虫率。通过SPSS 12．O进行正交设计的统计分析：F值O. 05。免疫剂量,免疫次数,免疫途径和免疫有效时间几个因素间差异无统计学意义。结论实验结果提示该疫苗的较好免疫方案为：50 Vg/只,免疫2次,采取皮内注射,免疫有效时间至少为12周。     

HSV-2疫苗评价方法研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)是疱疹病毒科的典型代表,属于α疱疹病毒亚科,主要引起腰部以下的皮肤疱疹和生殖器疱疹.近期研究[1,2]发现,HSV-2是宫颈癌和HIV-1感染的正相关因子,能提高其患病风险.目前尚无特效药可完全清除感染者体内的HSV-2,而研制高效、安全的抗HSV-2疫苗是防治HSV-2感染及相关疾病的主要策略.当前进入临床试验的新型抗HSV-2疫苗有纯亚单位疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、表位蛋白疫苗等,虽然这些疫苗的动物实验均显示较好的免疫效果,但临床试验效果却大相径庭,这可能是由于不同疫苗进行动物免疫效果评价时缺少统一标准所致.本文就近年来抗HSV-2疫苗动物免疫实验,包括疫苗接种途径、样品及取样方法、免疫效果评价方法等进行综述,为建立完善的抗HSV-2疫苗研究方法提供技术参考.     

Potential advantages of DNA immunization for influenza epidemic and pandemic planning.

Immunization with purified DNA is a powerful technique for inducing immune responses. The concept of DNA immunization involves insertion of the gene encoding the antigen of choice into a bacterial plasmid and injection of the plasmid into the host where the antigen is expressed and where it induces humoral and cellular immunity. The most effective routes and methods for DNA immunization are bombardment with particles coated with DNA ("gene gun" technique), followed by the intramuscular and intradermal routes. DNA immunization technology has the potential to induce immunity to all antigens that can be completely encoded in DNA, which therefore include all protein, but not carbohydrate, antigens. DNA immunization results in presentation of antigens to the host's immune system in a natural form, like that achieved with live-attenuated vaccines. The DNA immunization strategy has the potential to rapidly provide a new vaccine in the face of an emerging influenza pandemic.     

DNA immunization with Onchocerca volvulus genes, Ov-tmy-1 and OvB20: serological and parasitological outcomes following intramuscular or GeneGun delivery in a mouse model of onchocerciasis

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the distinct immune responses invoked by epidermal and intramuscular DNA immunization could be harnessed to improve upon the levels of protection to Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae achieved previously by recombinant protein immunization. Intramuscular (IM) and epidermal (GeneGun) routes of DNA immunization generally drive T helper1 and Th2 dominant responses, respectively. This dichotomy was used in an attempt to further define the nature of host-protective immunity in a mouse model of onchocerciasis. Mice were immunized with DNA plasmids expressing the O. volvulus antigens, Ov-TMY-1 (tropomyosin) and OvB20 (a nematode specific gene product). While, IM and GeneGun immunization of mice with Ov-tmy-1 induced expected Th1/Th2-associated IgG isotype profiles, mice responded to OvB20 immunization with a Th2 dominant response, irrespective of the delivery route. Despite inducing potent serological responses, neither DNA construct promoted statistically significant levels of protection to L3 challenge infection. We conclude that DNA immunization has good potential for induction of humoral responses against nematode infections and that serological responses alone do not predict vaccination efficacy under the conditions used here to measure host resistance to parasite challenge.     

尿路致病性大肠埃希菌Ⅰ型菌毛fimH基因核酸疫苗免疫效果评价

目的研究尿路致病性大肠埃希菌Ⅰ型菌毛fimH基因核酸疫苗产生的免疫反应及其对小鼠的免疫保护作用,并比较不同免疫途径产生的免疫效果。方法选取BALB/c小鼠40只,随机分为4组(PBS组、空质粒组、pcD-NA3.0-fimH肌肉注射组、pcDNA3.0-fimH滴鼻组),用构建的fimH基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.0重组质粒分别通过肌肉注射和滴鼻(粘膜)免疫BALB/c小鼠,同时分别以载体质粒(pcDNA3.0)和PBS液为空质粒对照和空白对照,经股四头肌注射免疫小鼠,于第3周和第5周加强免疫。每次免疫前及末次免疫后2周采血检测特异IgG抗体。末次免疫后第10 d,以UPEC分离株菌液进行尿道上行攻击,攻击后第5 d进行尿液细菌培养和计数。结果免疫后,肌注组与滴鼻组小鼠血清特异性IgG抗体水平与对照组及空质粒组比较显著升高(P<0.05);UPEC分离株菌液攻击小鼠后,pcDNA3.0-fimH肌注组与滴鼻组小鼠尿液菌落数较对照组及空质粒组显著减少(P<0.05)。结论 pcDNA3.0-fimH基因疫苗可诱导BALB/c小鼠产生特异性体液免疫,对小鼠尿道上行感染具有一定的免疫保护作用,且不同的免疫途径免疫...     

DNA疫苗诱导小鼠特异性细胞免疫及抗乙型肝炎病毒皮下移植瘤的研究

目的观察乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA疫苗(pCR3 1-S)诱导Balb/c小鼠(H-2d)的特异性细胞免疫应答及其对稳定表达HBsAg的小鼠肥大细胞瘤P815细胞(P815 HBV-S)(H-2d)成瘤性的影响.方法肌肉注射DNA疫苗,背部皮下接种P815-HBV S细胞,观察成瘤情况,4h 51Cr释放法检测小鼠脾细胞细胞毒T细胞(CTL)杀伤活性.结果DNA疫苗可以降低成瘤率,抑制肿瘤生长,延长小鼠平均存活期,提高小鼠存活率.CTL细胞杀伤活性明显增加(P＜0.001).结论DNA疫苗可以诱导细胞免疫应答,对体内HBV感染可能具有预防及治疗作用.     

基因疫苗诱导小鼠抗HBV皮下移植瘤免疫研究

目的　观察 ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 疫苗（ｐＣＲ３－１Ｓ） 诱导Ｂａｌｂ／ ｃ 小鼠（ Ｈ２ｄ） 的特异性细胞免疫应答及其对稳定表达ＨＢｓＡｇ 的小鼠肥大细胞瘤Ｐ８１５ 细胞（Ｐ８１５ＨＢＶＳ） （ Ｈ２ｄ） 成瘤性的影响．方法　肌肉注射ＤＮＡ 疫苗,背部皮下接种Ｐ８１５ＨＢＶＳ 细胞,观察成瘤情况,４ ｈ ５１Ｃｒ 释放法检测小鼠脾细胞ＣＴＬ 活性．结果　接种 ＤＮＡ 疫苗后小鼠成瘤率为１２－５ ％ , 对照组为１００ ％ ． 小鼠平均存活期大于３８－２ ｄ ,对照组为２８－４ ｄ ,４０ ｄ 后小鼠存活率为８７－５ ％ ,对照组为０ ％ ． ＣＴＬ 细胞杀伤活性明显增加,ｐＣＲ３－１Ｓ 组５１ ％ ,对照组为２１ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－００１） ．结论　ＤＮＡ 疫苗可以诱导细胞免疫应答,对体内ＨＢＶ 感染具有预防及治疗作用．     

DNA immunization is associated with increased activity of type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in mouse liver.

Inflammatory cytokines in vitro are believed to be involved in the regulation of type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'-DI) activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate in vivo effects of DNA immunization of mice on the 5'-DI activity in the liver. A mammalian expression vector encoding the beta-galactosidase (pCMV-betagal) was used for intradermal immunization. Furthermore, immunostimulatory CpG motifs, which induce the expression of IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma were coinjected as oligodeoxynucleotides. From our data we conclude that the activity of 5'-DI in mouse liver when compared to non-immunized animals (100%) was found to be significantly enhanced by DNA immunization 2 weeks (175.7%) or 3 weeks (192.6%) after the plasmid injection. In addition, the activity of the 5'-DI in mouse liver was markedly enhanced 2 weeks (252.4%) or 3 weeks (243.3%) after the injection when CpG motifs were applied together with the plasmid DNA.     

Plasmid DNA immunization against Japanese encephalitis virus: immunogenicity of membrane-anchored and secretory envelope protein.

Plasmid DNA synthesizing membrane-anchored or secretory Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope (E) protein and premembrane protein was delivered to mice by intramuscular injection or gene gun. Intramuscular plasmid immunization induced anti-E antibody responses similar to those associated with commercial JEV vaccine. The gene gun induced less antibody response. The 2 forms of the E protein induced similar antibody titers when administered by the same delivery mode. Both plasmids generated high titers of JEV-neutralizing antibodies, although the titers were lower than those induced by the vaccine. Intramuscular DNA immunization induced T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses, and the gene gun induced Th2 responses. Compared with secretory E protein, the membrane-anchored protein heavily skewed the immune response toward either Th1 or Th2, depending on the route of immunization. In an intracerebral JEV challenge model, plasmid-immunized mice had approximately 60% protection; this was not affected by the form of the E protein or by immunization route.     

DNA immunization by intramuscular injection or gene gun induces specific IgG antibodies against a Schistosoma japonicum 22 kDa antigen, Sj22, when fused to the murine Ig K-chain secretory leader sequence

The 22 kDa tegumental surface membrane-associated antigen of Schistosoma japonica, Sj22, is of recognized interest in schistosomiasis vaccine research. However, previous attempts to induce antibody responses against Sj22 by DNA immunization have been unsuccessful. In this report we demonstrate that fusing the Sj22 cDNA to the murine immunoglobulin Ig kappa-chain secretory leader sequence results in the generation of antigen-specific IgG antibodies following DNA immunization. Mice were immunized into the skin with DNA-coated gold microspheres using a gene-gun, or into the quadriceps muscle by intramuscular injection. Both methods of delivery generated antigen-specific IgG antibodies against the 22 kDa schistosome antigen. The use of a secretory leader sequence, such as the murine Ig-kappa chain used in this study, may facilitate the induction of host antibody responses following DNA immunization with other parasite cDNAs.