核素肾动态显像联合双血浆法在单侧肾积水患者介入治疗前后分肾GFR评估中的应用

目的探讨99Tcm-二乙撑三胺五乙酸(DTPA)核素肾动态显像联合双血浆法肾小球滤过率(GFR)测定在成人单侧肾积水手术治疗前后分肾功能评估中的价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月间山西医科大学第一医院成人单侧肾积水患者79例[男39例、女40例, 年龄(41.4±16.3)岁], 均行介入手术解除梗阻。手术前后均行99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像, 获得双肾肾图及Gates法测定GFR(记为gGFR), 同时行校正的双血浆法测定双肾GFR(记为dGFR总)。根据肾图的分肾比值及dGFR总, 得到患肾双血浆法GFR(记为dGFR)。依据术前患肾dGFR, 将患者分为轻中度(dGFR≥20且<40 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2)、重度(dGFR≥10且<20 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2)与极重度组(dGFR<10 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2)。术后复查肾动态显像和dGFR, 分析术后患肾GFR恢复值(ΔgGFR、ΔdGFR)。采用χ2检验、配对t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析和Bland-Altman一致性检验分析数据。...     

肾动态功能显像在儿童先天性泌尿系统畸形的应用

目的 对儿童泌尿系统各种先天性畸形的肾动态显像特征作总结并评价其临床意义。方法 ５１例泌尿先天性畸形患儿按病因分为４组,进行９９＾Ｔｃ－ＤＴＰＡ肾动态显像,其中８例患儿加作了速尿介入试验。结果 肾动态显像可以：（１）从形态上识别各种畸形并了解分肾功能;（２）确定尿路梗阻部位。输尿管近端梗阻表现为肾盂积水较重,输尿管无积水,远端输尿管梗阻则肾盂积水较轻,输尿管积水;下尿路梗阻常为双侧积水。利尿肾图有     

SPECT肾动态显像在小儿先天性肾盂积水中的临床应用

目的探讨SPECT肾动态显像在诊断小儿先天性肾盂积水的价值.方法回顾性分析肾盂积水患儿30例,采用99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像方法,部分患儿静脉注射速尿,其中12例作手术前后比较.定量指标有高峰摄取率(PUR),肾血流灌注率(BPR),半排时间(T1/2)结果BPR随肾盂积水程度加重而明显下降,重度积水为16.8%±6.8%,中度积水为35.1%±6.9%,轻度积水为40.6%±9.2%.PUR在重度积水时为21.6%±12.9%.12例患儿手术后其中10例BPR明显升高,术后T1/2明显改善.结论SPECT可准确反映肾盂积水和肾功能受损程度,两者呈正相关,术后肾功能改善情况和应用速尿能正确判断集尿系统有无梗阻存在.     

99Tcm－DMSA肾显像校正肾脏ROI及深度对先天性肾积水患儿患肾GFR测定的影响

目的探讨用99Tcm-二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)肾静态显像肾影校正肾动态显像中肾脏ROI及深度对先天性肾积水婴儿单肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)测定的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2022年1月至2022年11月山西医科大学第二医院核医学科的30例先天性肾积水患儿[男25例、女5例, 年龄3.0(1.0, 5.5)个月], 根据积水程度将60个肾脏分为3组:正常组(左肾7个、右肾12个), 轻度积水组(左肾10个、右肾12个), 中重度积水组(左肾13个、右肾6个)。患儿于3 d内分别接受99Tcm-二乙撑三胺五乙酸(DTPA)利尿肾动态和99Tcm-DMSA肾静态显像, 在显像结束后行双肾侧位采集。依据侧位图像和Tonnesen公式分别获得肾脏深度(单位:cm), 并进行比较。通过常规Gates法测得的单侧GFR(单位:ml·min-1·1.73 m-2)用gGFRsingle表示。将肾静态显像肾脏深度校正后单肾GFR(dGFRsingle)、静态显像ROI对动态显像ROI校正后得到的面积校正后单肾GFR(aGFRsingle)、深度和ROI均校正后单肾GRF(adGFRsingle)与gGFRsin...     

^99Tc^m-双半胱氨酸利尿肾动态显像评价小儿先天性肾盂积水手术前后肾功能

目的探讨^99Tc^m-双半胱氨酸（EC）利尿。肾动态显像（DR）在小儿先天性肾盂积水手术前肾功能评价和术后随访中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析40例肾盂积水患儿的DR（常规方法中第15分钟注射呋塞米）,对患肾血流灌注率（BPR）及有效肾血浆流量（ERPF）、肾盂积水分度、肾图曲线和动态显像图进行手术前后的比较。符合正态分布数据间比较采用t检验,等级资料数据间比较采用非参数检验。结果（1）40只患肾的BPR术前为（34．05±11．07）％,术后为（40．04±8．56）％,平均提高5．99％（t=-5．13,P〈0．01）。患肾的ERPF术前为（57．81±34．32）ml／min,术后为（70．29±5．37）ml／min,平均提高12．48ml／min（t=-4．35,P〈0．01）。（2）40只患肾的。肾盂积水分度的平均秩和术前为47．21,术后为33．79（Z=-2．64,P〈0．01）。（3）随着积水程度的加重,患肾形态增大,肾实质变薄,肾内放射性缺损范围增大,对利尿试验的反应明显减弱直至无反应。（4）术前DR诊断肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻（UPJO）37例,输尿管膀胱入口处梗阻（UVJO）3例,术前梗阻的定位均为手术证实。结论DR是评价小儿先天性肾盂积水的一种可靠方法,能够准确反映病情、指导治疗,并监测手术疗效。     

经皮肾动脉支架置入治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄后分肾功能的变化

目的：探讨经皮肾动脉支架置入（PTRAS）治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄（ARAS）患者的临床效果。 方法：选取2013年1月1日-2015年12月31日在我院进行PTRAS手术的ARAS患者31例,均为单侧肾动脉狭窄。患者随访12个月,观察PTRAS的成功率,以及血压、降压药种类的变化;应用肾动态显像评估分肾肾小球滤过率（SKGFR）的变化。 结果：手术成功率100%,无手术严重并发症。术后3、6、12个月随访,患者的收缩压、舒张压、降压药种类较术前均明显降低,血肌酐较术前均无明显变化。术后3、6、12个月支架侧的SKGFR、总GFR较术前明显升高,而非支架侧SKGFR与术前无明显变化。将支架侧术前SKGFR的值以20 ml/min为界,将患者分为两组,SKGFR≥20 ml/min共15例,SKGFR< 20 ml/min共16例,分析两组术前、术后SKGFR的变化情况。研究结果显示对于术前SKGFR≥20 ml/min的患者：支架置入术前、术后3~12个月支架侧的SKGFR差异无统计学意义;对于术前SKGFR<20 ml/min的患者,术后3~12个月支架侧的SKGFR较术前均有增加,差异有统计学意义。 结论：PTRAS治疗ARAS手术成功率高,并发症低。支架侧的分肾功能明显改善,肾动脉狭窄侧的SKGFR越小,其术后肾功能改善的越明显。     

^99Tc^m—DTPA肾皮质通过时间延迟预测肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄术后肾功能改善的价值

目的探讨^99Tc^m-DTPA利尿肾动态显像皮质通过时间（PTT）作为预测肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄（UPJO）离断式肾盂成形术后肾功能改善指标的可行性。方法回顾性分析47例[男37例,女10例,年龄（29．7±10．8）岁]单侧UPJO患者临床情况及手术前后^99Tc^m-DTPA利尿。肾动态显像,记录患者的年龄、性别、患肾位置、梗阻类型、手术方式、相对肾功能[RRF（患肾放射性摄取占总肾的百分比）]以及PTT,评价不同因素或指标对术后患肾RRF改善率（术后与术前RRF差值）的影响。符合以下情况之一即为PTT延迟：（1）在第2—7帧慢动态影像上,积水肾盂内未见放射性;（2）在第2～9帧慢动态影像上,肾皮质放射性无变化,肾大小、形态变化不明显;（3）肾皮质放射性持续增加;（4）自慢动态第2帧影像始,肾皮质放射性清除较对侧正常肾慢。采用配对t检验、KruskM—Wallis及Mann—Whitney秩和检验和Pearson相关分析对数据进行统计学分析。结果术后患肾RRF高于术前,分别为（40．70±13．30）％、（44．96±12．60）％,t=4．19,P〈0．01。PTT延迟组（16例）RRF改善率显著高于PTT正常组（27例）,分别为（11．69±6．52）％、（0．48±2．98）％,z=-5．13,P〈0．01;4例患肾PTT不能明确判断延迟或正常。术前不同RRF（〈40％与40％）、梗阻类型（机械性与非机械性）、患肾位置（左与右）、手术方式（开放手术与腹腔镜手术）以及性别（男与女）组间的患肾RRF改善率差异均无统计学意义（z=-1．93～1．25,均P〉0．05）。患肾RRF改善率与患者年龄之间未见有统计学意义的相关性（r=0．01,P〉0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-DTPA利尿肾动态显像PTT延迟是预测UPJO患者术后肾功能改善的唯一有效指标。     

婴儿先天性梗阻性肾病术后99Tcm-EC利尿肾动态显像

目的　探讨利尿肾动态显像 (DR)评价婴儿先天性梗阻性肾病术后肾功能的价值。方法　 32例术前确诊为先天性梗阻性肾病合并积水的患儿 ,术后行 1～ 4次DR复查。术后患肾功能的定性评估结合双肾形态、肾图及各项功能指标综合分析。单肾积水术后患肾功能定量评估以患肾血流灌注率 (BPR)为指标。结果　定性评估单个肾术后共 6 7次DR检查中肾功能的转归 ,完全好转 6次 (9 0 % ) ,明显好转 35次 (5 2 2 % ) ,好转 7次 (10 4 % ) ,不变 9次 (13 4 % ) ,恶化 10次 (14 9% )。各组BPR变化值差异有极显著性 (F =7 77,P <0 0 0 1) ;术后肾功能变化的定性与定量评估结果差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 0 17,P =0 897)。肾重复畸形术后转归较好。在影响单肾积水术后BPR提高的因素中 ,BPR提高与术前患肾面积比呈正相关 (r=0 5 5 2 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,与术前BPR值呈负相关 (r =0 85 2 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,与手术时年龄和随访间隔无相关性 (r=0 0 11,0 16 6 ,P均 >0 0 5 )。结论　DR评价婴儿先天性梗阻性肾病术后肾功能有较好的应用价值。     

99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸肾动态显像对兔单侧急性上尿道梗阻的应用研究

目的 应用99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(99Tcm-DTPA)肾动态显像观察兔单侧急性上尿道梗阻不同时期肾功能的变化以及与梗阻解除后恢复状况的比较.方法 健康家兔24只,手术制作左侧输尿管完全梗阻模型,术前及术后1周均行基础99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像.选择梗阻后1周、3周、5～7周和8周以上不同时间点解除梗阻,并行99Tcm-DTPA利尿肾动态显像(利尿显像).结果 兔左侧输尿管形成梗阻后1周和3周,利尿显像可见左肾显影,但左肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)、摄取率降低,达峰时间延长,与术前比较有显著性差异(t=2.916,t=7.034,P<0.01).梗阻5～7周后,左侧肾脏仅见皮质显影,左肾GFR、摄取率明显降低,达峰时间明显延长,与术前比较有显著性差异(t=6.722,t=7.470,t=3.678,P<0.01),梗阻后8周以上,未见明显肾皮质影像,无法进行图像分析.利尿显像示梗阻1～3周后解除梗阻4周观察到左肾GFR为31.23±14.4(f=2.627,P<0.05),摄取率为4.09±2.10(t=2.795,P<0.05),与解除梗阻前相比功能基本恢复;达峰时间与解除梗阻前无显著差异(t=1.435,P>0.05).梗阻5～7周后解除梗阻4周时左肾GFR、摄取率部分恢复,与解除梗阻前相比无显著差异.梗阻8周以上再解除梗阻,肾功能无法恢复.结论 急性单侧上尿道完全梗阻后肾功能降低迅速,以早期最为显著,早期梗阻解除后肾功能恢复明显.晚期梗阻,即使解除梗阻肾功能也不易恢复.99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像方法是评价肾功能恢复的有效手段.     

放射性核素肾动态显像对腹主动脉瘤患者术前肾功能的评价

本研究对比分析了20例健康人和35例腹主动脉瘤患者的术前肾动态显像结果,以了解腹主动脉瘤对肾功能的影响,并探讨腹主动脉瘤患者术前行核素肾动态显像检查的价值. 一、资料与方法 1.临床资料.选择体格检查健康者20名为对照组,男11名,女9名,年龄40 ～74(56.20±9.69)岁.选择腹主动脉瘤患者35例,男29例,女6例,年龄22 ～ 80( 63.05±14.37)岁,既往均无肾疾病史,其中近肾型腹主动脉瘤12例(组1),肾下型腹主动脉瘤16例(组2),夹层腹主动脉瘤7例(组3).腹主动脉瘤患者术前行放射性核素肾动态显像检查,并测定血尿素和SCr;对照组仅行放射性核素肾动态显像检查.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.