系统免疫炎症指数与结直肠癌患者术后复发的关联性研究

［摘要］　目的　探讨系统免疫炎症指数（SII）与结直肠癌（CRC）患者术后复发的关联性。方法　回顾性收集2016年1月至2020年6月在该院接受术后化疗的118例CRC患者的临床资料,其中男65例,女53例;年龄27～82（61.4±11.4）岁;结肠癌69例,直肠癌49例。采用Cox回归模型探讨影响患者术后复发的因素。采用ROC曲线法分析SII预测患者术后复发的效能,并根据截断值将研究对象分为高SII组（SII≥655.68×10⁹/L,n=54）和低SII组（SII<655.68×10⁹/L,n=64）,比较两组的临床特征。采用生存分析探讨两组无复发生存（RFS）时间的差异。结果　Cox回归分析结果显示,较高的SII和CA19-9水平是影响CRC患者术后RFS的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,SII预测术后复发的截断值为655.68×10⁹/L,其对应的灵敏度为76.67%,特异度为86.21%,具有预测价值（AUC=0.855,P=0.000）。高SII组Ki-67≥60%、CA19-9>39 ng/ml的人数比例显著大于低SII组（P<0.05）,且白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞（NEU）、单核细胞（MON）、血小板（PLT）水平高于低SII组,而淋巴细胞（LYM）水平显著低于低SII组（P<0.05）。高SII组的中位RFS时间为5.6个月（95%CI：5.1～6.1）,低SII组的中位RFS时间为8.3个月（95%CI：7.6～9.0）,两组差异有显著统计学意义（log-rank检验: χ²=29.330,P=0.000）。结论　SII可用于CRC患者术后RFS时间的评估,临床医师应对高SII值患者予以更多的关注,以尽早发现复发情况并采取相应的干预治疗。     

miR-4516在鼻咽癌中的表达及临床病理意义研究

［摘要］　目的　探讨miR-4516在鼻咽癌中的表达及临床病理意义。方法　回顾性分析2010年2月至2016年10月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的60例鼻咽部EB病毒相关性非角化性癌患者（鼻咽癌组）的临床病理资料,另选择同期15例鼻咽黏膜慢性炎患者作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法检测两组病变黏膜组织miR-4516的表达水平并进行比较。分析miR-4516表达水平与鼻咽癌患者临床病理特征及生存预后的关联性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析miR-4516对诊断鼻咽癌转移的效能。结果　鼻咽癌组miR-4516表达水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（Z=4.477,P<0.001）。对于发生转移的鼻咽癌患者,其病变组织miR-4516表达水平高于未发生转移者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。miR-4516表达水平与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、T分期、临床分期均无显著关联（P>0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,miR-4516可用于鼻咽癌转移的诊断［AUC(95%CI)=0.696(0.541～0.851),P=0.037］,最佳截断值为6.28,其对应的灵敏度和特异度分别为0.63、0.75。miR-4516低表达组的生存预后显著优于miR-4516高表达组（log-rank检验： χ²=4.230,P=0.040）。结论　鼻咽癌组织miR-4516表达水平上调,可作为预测鼻咽癌转移和临床预后评估的分子标志物。     

改良微型切口腹腔镜全子宫切除术治疗妇科良性疾病40例分析

［摘要］　目的　分析改良微型切口腹腔镜全子宫切除术治疗妇科良性疾病的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析2023年6月至2024年2月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区（安徽省肿瘤医院）妇瘤外科收治的80例因子宫良性疾病需行全子宫切除术患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为微型切口组（行改良微型切口腹腔镜全子宫切除术）和多孔组（行传统多孔腹腔镜全子宫切除术）,每组40例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、术后疼痛评分、术后切口满意度评分以及术后并发症发生情况。结果　两组手术时间、术后肠道功能恢复时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。微型切口组术中出血量少于多孔组,术后疼痛评分低于多孔组,术后住院时间短于多孔组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。微型切口组术后切口满意度评分高于多孔组,差异有统计学意义（t=4.135,P<0.001）。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.033=2.505,P=0.114）。结论　改良微型切口腹腔镜全子宫切除术安全可靠,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,术后疼痛轻,患者满意度高。     

CLCA1在结直肠癌中的表达及其基因集富集分析

［摘要］　目的　探讨钙激活的氯离子通道辅助蛋白1（CLCA1）在结直肠癌（CRC）中的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系,分析其基因集富集情况。方法　通过肿瘤基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库下载CLCA1 mRNA表达数据,应用GSEA软件进行CLCA1不同表型的基因集富集分析。分析CLCA1 mRNA在CRC组织与癌旁组织中的差异表达,并分析其与临床病理特征的关联性。采用免疫组织化学染色法分析CLCA1在CRC组织和癌旁组织中的差异。结果　CRC组织中CLCA1表达较癌旁组织明显降低。CRC组织的免疫组织化学染色评分显著低于癌旁组织［（2.46±1.09）分 vs （5.65±0.49）分;t=6.458,P=0.000］。癌旁组织的CLCA1 mRNA表达水平显著高于临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期CRC组织和临床Ⅲ～Ⅳ期CRC组织（P<0.05）,临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期CRC组织的CLCA1 mRNA表达水平显著高于临床Ⅲ～Ⅳ期CRC组织（P<0.05）。CLCA1高表达组临床分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、N分期为N₀期以及M分期为M₀期的人数比例显著大于CLCA1低表达组（P<0.05）。CLCA1高表达组的生存预后显著优于CLCA1低表达组（χ²=8.200,P=0.004）。基因集富集分析结果显示,有19个基因集显著富集于CLCA1高表达表型,未发现有基因集显著富集于CLCA1低表达表型。结论　CLCA1在CRC组织中表达下调,并且与患者的临床病理特征及预后有关,具有作为CRC诊断、治疗和预后预测标志物的潜力。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌组织中LRP表达与铂类耐药性及预后的相关性研究

［摘要］　目的　探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中肺耐药蛋白（LRP）的表达与铂类化疗耐药及其预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学SP法对89例晚期NSCLC碏块进行免疫组织化学染色,检测LRP的表达水平,并分析其与患者的性别、年龄、吸烟史、组织分型、分化程度、远处转移、淋巴结转移及含铂化疗方案疗效的关系。结果　在NSCLC患者组织中,LRP的阳性表达率为77.5%,与年龄、吸烟史、组织分型、分化程度和淋巴结转移无关（P均>0.05）,而LRP表达阳性组和阴性组的含铂类方案化疗疗效、有效率、总反应率、无进展生存时间和总生存时间比较差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。女性患者肿瘤组织LRP表达阳性率（95.5%）高于男性患者(71.6%)（P=0.043）;在远处转移的患者中,LPR阳性表达率为87.3%,而无远处转移的患者LRP阳性表达率为61.8%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）。结论　LRP基因的阳性表达与远处转移有关,且LRP阳性表达患者无疾病进展时间及总生存时间均低于LRP阴性表达患者,提示其可能作为判断预后指标。     

经剑突入路达芬奇机器人手术与电视胸腔镜手术治疗前纵隔肿瘤疗效比较

［摘要］　目的　比较经剑突入路达芬奇机器人手术与电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）治疗前纵隔肿瘤疗效。方法　招募2020年1月至2023年1月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的前纵隔肿瘤患者56例,根据手术方法不同分为机器人辅助胸腔镜手术（RATS）组（n=20例）和VATS组（n=36例）,均经剑突入路。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、48 h引流量、引流管留置时间、住院总费用,以及术后住院时间、视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、并发症发生情况。结果　VATS组有1例患者因无名静脉紧密粘连于胸腺和1例患者因胸腺与心包胸膜、左上肺紧密粘连转开胸手术。RATS组无中转开胸手术或延长手术切口长度的患者。两组患者均手术成功。RATS组手术时间显著短于VATS组（P<0.05）。两组术中出血量、48 h引流量、引流管留置时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后VAS评分均呈下降趋势。RATS组术后第1天、第2天、第3天的VAS评分均低于VATS组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（5.88% vs 0.00%;P=0.525）。RATS组住院费用高于VATS组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　RATS是治疗前纵隔病变安全可行的方法,相较于VATS,RATS对减少患者术后疼痛有积极意义,利于患者快速康复。     

肿块强化与非肿块强化乳腺癌患者的临床和病理特征对比分析

［摘要］　目的　对比分析肿块强化与非肿块强化乳腺癌患者的临床和病理特征。方法　回顾性收集解放军总医院第一医学中心2019年1月至2019年12月收治的浸润性乳腺癌患者76例。根据乳腺动态增强MRI检查结果,将其分为肿块强化组(57例)和非肿块强化组(19例)。比较两组患者临床特征和病理特征。结果　与肿块强化组比较,非肿块强化组病灶表观扩散系数（ADC）值增高［(0.95±0.19） vs （0.85±0.17）,P=0.034］,病变边界清晰率下降(15.79% vs 63.16%,P=0.000),人表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）阴性表达率显著降低(0.00% vs 26.32%,P=0.013)。两组患者MRI早期强化率、增强平台、病灶大小、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、细胞增殖抗原（Ki-67）、腋窝淋巴结转移率、腋窝淋巴结转移数、锁骨上淋巴结转移率、侵及皮肤或胸壁率、病理类型、淋巴细胞浸润率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论　非肿块强化的浸润性乳腺癌患者HER-2阴性表达率更低,且病灶ADC值更高,肿块边界不清晰概率更大,可能与患者预后不良有关。     

炎性指标预测食管鳞癌根治性同步放化疗患者生存预后的价值研究

［摘要］　目的　探讨炎性指标对食管鳞癌根治性同步放化疗患者预后的预测价值。方法　回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月于徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院肿瘤科行根治性同步放化疗的154例食管癌患者的临床资料。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析治疗前系统免疫炎症指数（SII）、预后营养指数(PNI)、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板-淋巴细胞比值(PLR)和淋巴细胞-单核细胞比值(LMR)对患者总生存期的预测效能。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,比较不同组别的生存期。采用Cox回归分析影响患者生存预后的因素,并将筛得指标通过R语言软件建立列线图预测模型。结果　ROC曲线分析结果显示,治疗前SII、NLR、PLR、LMR及PNI水平均能有效预测患者的生存预后情况（P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,SII≤794.8组的生存预后优于SII>794.8组（P<0.05）,NLR≤3.25组的生存预后优于NLR>3.25组（P<0.05）,PLR≤125.65组的生存预后优于PLR>125.65组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,美国东部肿瘤协作组（ECOG）评分（HR=1.774）、T分期（HR=1.749）、淋巴结转移（HR=2.147）、SII（HR=2.513）是影响患者生存预后的独立因素（P<0.05）。由此建立的列线图预测模型的C-index为0.796（95%CI：0.757～0.871）,具有良好的精准度。结论　SII是影响食管鳞癌根治性放化疗患者生存预后的独立因素。基于SII等指标建立的预测模型具有良好的精准度,可供临床参考、使用。     

ELMO3在胰腺癌中的表达及临床意义研究

［摘要］　目的　探讨吞噬和运动蛋白3(ELMO3)在胰腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法　收集2000年1月至2007年12月于新疆军区总医院（63例）及郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院（65例）经胰腺癌切除术获得的标本128例,另取癌旁（约3 cm）正常胰腺组织标本11例作为对照。采用Western blot法及免疫组织化学染色法检测ELMO3在胰腺癌组织及癌旁正常胰腺组织中的表达情况,分析ELMO3表达与胰腺癌患者临床病理指标及预后的关联性。结果　胰腺癌组织ELMO3阳性率高于癌旁正常胰腺组织,差异有统计学意义（83.59% vs 27.27%; χ²=16.199,P<0.001）。Western blot检测结果显示,胰腺癌组织ELMO3表示水平显著高于癌旁正常胰腺组织（t=1.205,P=0.001）。ELMO3表达与肿瘤直径、分化程度、TNM分期及淋巴结转移存在显著关联（P<0.05）。ELMO3阳性组中位生存时间短于ELMO3阴性组（11个月 vs 35个月）,ELMO3阴性组生存预后优于ELMO3阳性组（log-rank检验： χ²=58.602,P<0.001）。Cox回归分析结果显示,ELMO3阳性表达、远处转移以及TNM分期为Ⅲ/Ⅳ期是胰腺癌患者生存预后不佳的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论　ELMO3阳性表达与胰腺癌恶性临床病理特征及预后不良有关。     

不同AFP表达状态胃癌患者血清CEA水平差异及其临床意义分析

［摘要］　目的　分析不同甲胎蛋白（AFP）表达状态胃癌患者血清癌胚抗原（CEA）的表达水平差异及其临床意义。方法　回顾性分析昆明医科大学第三附属医院2012年1月至2017年12月连续收治的346例原发性胃癌患者的临床资料,将其分为AFP阳性胃癌（AFPGC）组（AFP≥7 μg/L,28例）和AFP阴性胃癌（non-AFPGC）组（AFP<7 μg/L,318例）,并进一步分层为CEA正常组（CEA<3.4 μg/L）和CEA升高组（CEA≥3.4 μg/L）。比较各分组间的临床病理特征及生存预后情况。结果　AFPGC组和non-AFPGC组在年龄、性别、T分期、N分期、M分期、临床病理分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度、肿瘤细胞病理类型等方面比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组肿瘤标志物CA125、CA199和CA724表达情况差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。AFPGC组CEA≥3.4 μg/L的人数比例高于non-AFPGC组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。AFPGC组和non-AFPGC组的中位生存时间分别为30个月和31个月,两组生存预后比较差异无统计学意义（log-rank： χ²=0.723,P=0.395）。在AFPGC患者中,CEA升高组除了男性比例显著高于CEA正常组外,其余临床病理特征指标比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组生存预后情况差异亦无统计学意义（log-rank： χ²=0.267,P=0.605）。在non-AFPGC患者中,CEA升高组中男性、T分期为T_3～4期、N分期为N（+）期、临床病理分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,以及CA199≥27 ku/L、CA724≥6.9 ku/L的人数比例高于CEA正常组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。CEA升高组和CEA正常组的中位生存时间分别为24个月和34个月,两组生存预后差异有统计学意义（log-rank： χ²=6.658,P=0.001）。结论　建立基于AFP、CEA联合检测的胃癌亚组分型对临床治疗方案选择及疗效预测有一定的临床意义。     

Ultrasound liver elastography beyond liver fibrosis assessment

Several guidelines have indicated that liver stiffness(LS) assessed by means of shear wave elastography(SWE) can safely replace liver biopsy in several clinical scenarios, particularly in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. However, an increase of LS may be due to some other clinical conditions not related to fibrosis,such as liver inflammation, acute hepatitis, obstructive cholestasis, liver congestion, infiltrative liver diseases. This review analyzes the role that SWE can play in cases of liver congestion due to right-sided heart failure, congenital heart diseases or valvular diseases. In patients with heart failure LS seems directly influenced by central venous pressure and can be used as a prognostic marker to predict cardiac events. The potential role of LS in evaluating liver disease beyond the stage of liver fibrosis has been investigated also in the hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(SOS) and in the Budd-Chiari syndrome. In the hepatic SOS, an increase of LS is observed some days before the clinical manifestations;therefore, it could allow an early diagnosis to timely start an effective treatment.Moreover, it has been reported that patients that were successfully treated showed a LS decrease, that reached pre-transplantation value within two to four weeks. It has been reported that, in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, LS values can be used to monitor short and long-term outcome after angioplasty.     

中国肝癌肝移植的现状与展望

肝癌行肝移植治疗的指征、效果和相关问题一直存在争论,国际上已经有数个通用的肝癌肝移植标准,如Milan标准、Pittsburgh标准、UCSF标准等等,中国的移植学家们也在纷纷探讨适合中国的肝癌肝移植标准.本文收集并分析近年来国内外的文献,结合本移植中心460例肝移植的病例,对肝癌的分期标准、晚期肝癌行肝移植的指征进行了探讨,笔者认为影响我国肝癌肝移植的主要因素有:供肝的来源、术后乙肝及肿瘤的复发及相关社会因素等.     

Recurrent nonviral liver disease following liver transplantation

Recurrent disease after liver transplantation is well recognized and remains a potential cause of premature graft loss. The rates of recurrence are difficult to establish because of the lack of consistency in diagnostic criteria and approaches to diagnosis. Owing to the fact that recurrent parenchymal disease may occur in the presence of normal liver tests, those centers that use protocol biopsies will report greater rates of recurrence. It is important to recognize that rates of recurrence vary according to indication and show little correlation with rates of graft loss from recurrent disease. Recurrance rates are greatest for primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis, and low reccurrance rates are reported for alcoholic liver disease and recurrent primary biliary cirrhosis. The impact of recurrent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is not yet clear. Patients and clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of recurrent disease in the differential diagnosis of abnormal liver tests, and management stategies may require alteration to reduce the impact of disease recurrence on outcome. Finally, an understanding of which diseases do recur after transplantation and identification of the risk factors may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of these conditions.     

Chronic liver diseases as liver tumor precursors

Liver cancer is a major global health problem and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75% of all liver carcinoma. HCC occurs more often in men than in women and mostly in people 50 to 60 years old. The disease is more common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia than in North and South America and Europe. Nevertheless its incidence increased over the past 4 decades in some Western countries. Worldwide, liver carcinoma is the 5th most common cancer and 3rd most common cause of cancer mortality (behind only lung and colorectal cancer) with approximately 680,000 annual deaths. Unlike most of the other malignancies, HCC almost entirely develops in the context of inflammation and organ injury and is related to cirrhosis in about 85% of the cases. Among underlying etiologies of liver cirrhosis, most frequent are viral infection and toxic substances, mostly alcohol. The main HCC risk factor in Eastern Asia and Africa is hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis C virus infection is the main risk factor in Western countries. Hereditary hemochromatosis is not a very frequent cause of liver cirrhosis, but these patients are at higher risk for HCC compared with other etiologies of cirrhosis. Aflatoxins, cancer-causing substances made by a type of plant mold, can play a role in some countries in Asia and Africa, and can have a synergistic effect with hepatitis B infection.     

Fatty liver in liver transplantation and surgery

Steatosis of the liver is common in Western countries, affecting about 25% of donors for liver transplantation and 20% of patients undergoing liver resection. Transplantation of livers with severe steatosis (> 60%) is associated with a high risk of primary nonfunction, and these livers should not be used for organ donation. In contrast, transplantation with livers containing mild steatosis (< 30%) yields results similar to those of transplantation performed with nonfatty livers. The outcome of livers with moderate steatosis (30 to 60%) are varying, and the use of these organs depends on the existence of additional risk factors. Similarly, liver resection in patients with steatosis is associated with a risk of postoperative mortality when compared with patients with nonfatty livers (14% versus 2%). Although hepatic steatosis is an important risk factor for surgery, little is known about the mechanisms of injury. In animal experiments, steatosis is associated with decreased ATP production and a disturbance of sinusoidal flow. Further contributing factors may include Kupffer cell dysfunction and leukocyte adhesion. Fatty hepatocytes have reduced tolerance against ischemic injury with a predominant necrotic form of cell death. In addition, the ability of hepatocytes to regenerate after major tissue loss is impaired in the steatotic liver. Very few protective strategies are known. Ischemic preconditioning and intermittent clamping protect the human liver against prolonged periods of ischemia. These techniques appear to be particularly protective in the steatotic liver. New insights into the mechanisms of liver failure in steatotic organs are needed to decrease the risk of surgery and increase the pool of organ donors.     

Orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease in the United States, but many transplant centers are unwilling to accept alcoholic patients because of their supposed potential for recidivism, poor compliance with the required immunosuppression regimen and resulting failure of the allograft. There is also concern that alcohol-induced injury in other organs will preclude a good result. From July 1, 1982, to April 30, 1988, 73 patients received orthotopic liver transplants at the University of Pittsburgh for end-stage alcoholic liver disease. Fifty-two (71%) of these were alive at 25 +/- 9 mo (mean +/- S.D.) after transplantation, when a phone survey of these patients, their wives/husbands, and their physicians was performed to evaluate their subsequent use of alcohol, current medical condition and employment. Data obtained were compared with those for nonalcoholic patients selected as transplant controls. The recidivism rate has been 11.5%, with most patients drinking only socially. Fifty-four percent of the survivors are employed, 21% classify themselves as homemakers and only 11 (21%) are unable to work. Twenty-one patients died after transplantation; the most frequent cause of death was sepsis (43%), and intraoperative death was the next most common cause (28.6%). These data demonstrate that alcoholic patients can be transplanted successfully and achieve good health not significantly different from that of individuals transplanted for other causes. Thus orthotopic liver transplantation is a therapeutic option that should be considered for individuals with end-stage alcoholic liver disease who desire such therapy.     

Adult liver transplantation for metabolic liver disease

Liver replacement provides an effective method of replacing a failing liver, and corrects the underlying defect in many metabolic conditions. Results of liver transplantation for metabolic diseases have been encouraging, with the exception of hereditary hemochromatosis, in which infectious and for which cardiac complications appear to increase posttransplant mortality. An improved understanding of the underlying genetic and molecular defect will lead to advances in medical therapy and perhaps will decrease the need for liver replacement. The prospects of gene therapy are being pursued for many metabolic disorders, however until this research leads to direct clinical application, liver transplantation remains the only effective option for many patients with metabolic liver disease.