Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

城乡居民高血压与饮食习惯的调查分析

心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题[1].随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快[2].由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义.     

骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现:9例报告并文献复习

目的探讨骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现。方法收集手术病理证实的9例骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的临床及影像学资料,9例术前8例接受CT扫描,3例接受MRI检查。结果9例中骨脂肪瘤6例,骨血管脂肪瘤3例。6例骨脂肪瘤发生于骨内4例,骨旁2例。骨内脂肪瘤跟骨1例,距骨1例,眶骨1例,肱骨1例。骨旁脂肪瘤颅骨1例,股骨1例。骨血管脂肪瘤发生于肋骨1例,颅骨1例,椎骨1例。骨内脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈轻度膨胀性改变,边缘见轻度硬化环,病灶内见脂肪密度及条弧形、结节状钙化,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,PDWI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。骨旁脂肪瘤CT呈不均匀高密度团块,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,T1WI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。3例骨血管脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈显著膨胀性改变,骨破坏边缘及内部见多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁,高密度骨针呈放射状、簇状或不规则排列。结论骨内脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤CT及MRI表现均以脂肪成分为主要特征,骨旁脂肪瘤CT以骨化性团块为特征,骨血管脂肪瘤骨质膨胀性改变较骨内脂肪瘤显著,病灶边缘及中心以多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁为特征。      

城乡居民高血压与饮食习惯的调查分析

心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题。随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快。由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义。     

Attitude differences of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of susceptible and nonsusceptible hypnotic subjects

A form of the Semantic Differential, containing 9 concepts related to hypnosis and research, was administered to 96 hypnotically inexperienced male Ss. The Ss were later asked to volunteer for a hypnotic experiment, and the hypnotic susceptibility of all volunteers (N = 51) was then determined. Semantic Differential responses of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of highly susceptible and unhyp-notizable Ss were compared. Differences between groups, in both comparisons, were generally not statistically significant, a finding which suggests that there is no simple relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of attitudes and volunteering for hypnotic experiments or hypnotizability.     

麻疹和风疹临床特征及监测病例定义的敏感度和特异度分析

目的 为了解麻疹和风疹的临床症状特征,并评价不同麻疹疑似病例定义的监测效果。 方法 2010年在北京市昌平区开展发热出疹性病例的流行病学调查,收集病例的一般情况、临床症状和体征、免疫史等信息。 结果 麻疹和风疹在发热程度、皮疹持续时间、发热至出疹时间间隔以及卡他症状、结膜炎、淋巴结肿大和关节疼痛等临床症状和体征有明显差异。北京市和卫生部麻疹疑似病例诊断标准的敏感度和特异度分别为94%、50%和45%、94%。如以"发热≥38℃,发热后第3天或以后出疹,并伴有卡他症状或结膜炎之一者"作为麻疹疑似病例诊断标准,敏感度和特异度分别为81%和92%。 结论 北京市麻疹发病率较低,北京市麻疹疑似病例诊断标准的敏感度较高,对于消除麻疹,及时发现病例有效。在消除麻疹进程中,要视不同发病率选择适宜的监测病例定义,以提高监测效力。