白藜芦醇对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖抑制作用

目的 探讨白藜芦醇对人胃癌MGC-803细胞株细胞周期影响及其机制.方法 采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝(MTT)法和集落形成试验检测白藜芦醇对胃癌细胞的增殖抑制作用,流式细胞术检测细胞周期的改变,逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测细胞凋亡抑制基因-2(bcl-2)、增殖基因c-myc的mRNA表达水平.结果 白藜芦醇可抑制胃癌细胞增殖和集落形成能力,低、高剂量组的抑制率分别为6.9%,17.6%和27.98%,63.39%,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);白藜芦醇能使胃癌细胞周期阻滞于G_0/G_1期,明显下调胃癌细胞bcl-2、c-myc基因mRNA表达水平(P＜0.05);用药24 h后,白藜芦醇高剂量组bcl-2和c-myc基因相对表达量分别为(0.54±0.04),(0.58±0.05),与空白对照组(0.91±0.05),(0.85±0.03)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 白藜芦醇可抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖并使其细胞周期阻滞于G_0/G_1期,可能与下调bcl-2、c-myc基因表达有关.     

枸杞多糖对人单核细胞细胞因子表达的影响

目的 :　探讨枸杞多糖 LBP- X对人外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)白细胞介素 - 2 (IL- 2 )和肿瘤坏死因子 - α(TNF- α)基因表达的影响。方法 :　采用逆转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)检测IL- 2和 TNF- α基因表达的水平。结果 :　在加入 5～ 40 mg/L LBP- X培养适当时间后 ,LBP- X可剂量依赖性地提高人 PBMC、IL- 2和 TNF- α基因表达水平。结论 :　 LBP- X可通过调节 IL- 2和TNF- α基因的表达而增强免疫功能。     

TNF-α对3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞中NYGGF4小鼠同源基因表达的影响

[目的]观察TNF-α对3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞中NYGGF4小鼠同源基因表达水平以及胰岛素刺激下的葡萄糖摄取率的影响.[方法]体外培养3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞,诱导分化为成熟脂肪细胞后,应用不同浓度(10、25、50 ng/mL)重组TNF-α干预成熟脂肪细胞16 h,或以10 ng/mL重组TNF-α分别干预24、48、72 h,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测TNF-α干预后3T3-L1脂肪细胞中NYGGF4小鼠同源基因mRNA表达水平;另外,采用[3H]-2-脱氧葡萄糖掺入法检测TNF-α干预24、48、72h后成熟脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取率.[结果]1)不同浓度TNF-α均能显著上调3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞中NYGGF4小鼠同源基因表达(P均<0.001),在0～25 ng/mL浓度范围内呈现浓度依赖性,随TNF-α干预浓度增高,NYGGF4小鼠同源基因的表达水平逐渐升高;2)TNF-α对3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞中NYGGF4小鼠同源基因的表达调节具时间反应性,呈现随干预时间延长该基因表达逐渐上调的特征,10 ng/mL TNF-α干预人成熟脂肪细胞24 hNYGGF4小鼠同源基因mRNA表达水平即显著上调(P<0.001);3)TNF-α干预48 h,3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取率与未干预组比较下降50%以上,干预72 h,胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取受到进一步抑制.[结论]TNF-α可以上调3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞中NYGGF4小鼠同源基因[目的]表达,抑制3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激下的葡萄糖摄取.     

南昌市1例输入性登革热病例的型别鉴定及基因特征

目的通过实验室检测技术分析1名输入性发热病例的病毒性病原体,并判定其型别,为临床防治提供实验室依据。方法将采集到的血标本采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real time PCR)检测登革病毒核酸,使用通用引物和型特异性引物行逆转录-套式PCR扩增保守区域特异性核酸片段进行型别鉴定,通过登革病毒E基因扩增和序列测定对登革病毒进行亚型基因分型。结果病例血标本核酸经RT-PCR和逆转录-套式PCR方法鉴定为登革病毒2型(DENV-2),基因分类属于DENV-2全球型。结论该例输入性疑似登革热病例系DENV-2全球型引起。     

前列腺增生上皮细胞对间质细胞周期素I表达影响

目的观察前列腺增生上皮细胞对间质细胞细胞周期素I(cyclin I)基因表达的影响。方法分离良性前列腺增生(BPH)组织的间质细胞与上皮细胞,经细胞形态学及免疫组织化学方法证实后,构建上皮/间质细胞共培养模型;分别提取单独、共培养条件下间质细胞的mRNA,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测cyclin I表达的变化。结果成功分离2种不同形态的细胞,并仅在上皮细胞中检测到前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)阳性表达,间质细胞中检测结蛋白(desmin)的阳性表达;共培养模型后,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测发现,在有上皮细胞共培养的间质细胞中,cyclin I基因mRNA的表达低于在单独培养的间质细胞的表达;cyclin I/甘油醛3磷酸盐脱氢酶(G3PDH)的灰度比值分别为(1.001±0.29)和(1.117±0.31),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前列腺增生上皮细胞可抑制间质细胞cyclin I基因的表达。     

人冠状病毒HKU1重症肺炎病原检测及鉴定

目的 对内蒙古自治区赤峰市重症肺炎病例进行病原检测鉴定,分析pol基因的同源性并确定其病原学分类地位.方法采集10例重症肺炎患者的咽拭子样本,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT -PCR)进行流感病毒核酸检测,采用多重PCR方法进行呼吸道病毒鉴定,采用RT - PCR法特异性扩增人冠状病毒OC43、299E、NL63和HKU1的pol基因,阳性样本进行pol基因序列测定及同源性分析.结果 检出1份人冠状病毒HKU1阳性样本,RT-PCR法扩增到长度约440bp的特异性目的片段;其pol基因与人冠状病毒HKU1参比毒株的pol基因的同源性最高达99.7％以上.结论1例重症肺炎患者因感染人冠状病毒HKU1而发病,其他患者的病原学鉴定有待进一步研究.     

风疹病毒E1基因的克隆及原核表达

目的构建风疹病毒E1基因的原核表达质粒,诱导重组蛋白表达。方法通过反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)风疹病毒E1基因高活性片段,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离后连接于原核表达载体PET-28a(+),并于大肠杆菌中诱导目的重组蛋白表达。结果成功扩增出399bp的目的基因,有效表达出E1重组蛋白。结论在大肠杆菌中成功表达风疹病毒E1基因重组蛋白,为风疹病毒的血清学检测提供了一种新的抗原。     

NYGGF4(PID1)基因过表达对脂肪细胞线粒体代谢的影响

【目的】 观察NYGGF4(PID1)基因过表达对脂肪细胞线粒体代谢的影响。 【方法】 以3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞为研究对象,体外培养稳定转染NYGGF4(PID1)基因(NYGGF4-pcDNA3.1 (+)/myc-His B)的3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞,以转染空载体[pcDNA3.1(+)/myc-His B]的3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞为对照,经1-甲基-3异丁基黄嘌呤(MIX)加地塞米松、胰岛素方案诱导分化为成熟脂肪细胞,采用Real-time PCR检测线粒体代谢酶指标:己糖激酶(Hexokinase,HKI)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acetyl-CoA,ACC)、柠檬酸合成酶( citrate synthase,CS)、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1(Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1,CPT1)、细胞色素C(Cytochrome c,Cyc-c)基因表达水平。 【结果】 NYGGF4(PID1)过表达显著降低3T3-L1脂肪细胞己糖激酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、柠檬酸合成酶、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1、细胞色素C基因表达水平,差异有统计学意义。 【结论】 NYGGF4(PID1)基因过表达,下调3T3-L1脂肪细胞中定位于线粒体的代谢关键酶,提示NYGGF4(PID1)基因过表达能影响3T3-L1脂肪细胞的线粒体代谢。     

门静脉高压症胃黏膜内皮素-1基因表达变化的研究

目的探讨内皮素-1(ET-1)基因表达在门静脉高压症胃病(PHG)中的变化及作用。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析42例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者PHG病变部位ET-1 mRNA的变化。结果轻度PHG胃黏膜ET-1mRNA表达(0.8010±0.0793)明显升高,与无PHG(0.4814±0.0793)及对照组(0.2158±0.0509)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),重度PHG ET-1mRNA表达进一步增强(0.8462±0.0649),与轻度PHG者比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论PHG患者胃黏膜ET-1基因过度表达可能是加重胃黏膜损害的重要因素之一。     

MK mRNA在人乳腺癌组织中的表达

目的　探讨Midkine(MK)mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达。方法　采用逆转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT -PCR)技术检测 6例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织及相应癌旁正常组织中MK的表达情况。结果　 6例乳腺癌组织均表达MKmRNA(表达率为 10 0 % ) ,而 6例癌旁正常组织除 1例有较弱的MKmRNA表达外 ,其余 5例表达阴性 (表达率 16.7% )。结论　MK基因高频率、高程度地表达于乳腺癌组织中     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.