Resistin基因在肥胖易感大鼠与肥胖抗性大鼠脂肪组织中表达差异的研究

目的探讨高脂饮食诱导下肥胖易感(Obesity鄄prone,OP)大鼠与肥胖抗性(Obesity鄄resistance,OR)大鼠白色脂肪组织中Resistin基因mRNA表达的差异。方法25只雄性SD大鼠,以高脂高能量鼠料饲养2周后,按体重增值大小分组,增重最多9只为OP组,增重最少9只为OR组,余7只为正常对照组(C组),OP、OR大鼠继续饲以高脂高能量鼠料4周,对照组改饲标准鼠料。观察各大鼠体重变化、脂肪组织湿重、血脂、血糖、血清胰岛素等,并采用NorthernBlot技术分析脂肪组织中Resistin基因的mRNA表达水平。结果①高脂高能量鼠料诱导下,OP组大鼠体重、附睾周围及腹膜后脂肪组织湿重明显高于C组,OR组则显著低于C组,但各组间血脂、血糖、血清胰岛素水平并无显著差异(P>0.05);②OP组大鼠附睾周围和腹膜后脂肪组织中ResistinmRNA表达水平均显著高于C组与OR组,OR组则低于C组,且附睾周围脂肪组织中ResistinmRNA表达水平显著高于腹膜后脂肪组织。结论OP与OR大鼠外周脂肪组织存在Resistin基因mRNA表达的差异,其差异与大鼠发生肥胖的易感程度有关。     

高脂饮食诱导下肥胖易感大鼠与肥胖抗性大鼠间部分生理学指标差异的研究

目的：探讨高脂饮食诱导下肥胖易感(OP)大鼠肥胖抗性(OR)大鼠在体重、食量、Lee’s指数、脂肪湿重、血脂及脂肪组织脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因表达等方面的生理学差异。方法：48只SD大鼠，以高脂饲料饲养1周后，按体重增值从大到小百分排序，取第75百分位以上为OP组，第25百分位以下为OR组，继续高脂饲养4周；观察各大鼠体重变化、摄食量、Lee’s指数、脂肪湿重、血脂等，采用Northern Blot分析脂肪组织中LPL基因的mRNA表达水平。结果：①OP大鼠的体重增值、热能摄入、Lee’s指数及腹腔脂肪湿重均显著高于OR大鼠，但血脂水平两组间无差异；②高脂饲养1周、5周时OP大鼠体重增值分别是OR大鼠的6．54、4．25倍，热能摄入仅为OR大鼠的1．13、1．15倍；③OP大鼠脂肪组织中LPL基因的mRNA表达水平显著高于OR大鼠。结论：OP与OR大鼠间存在生理学差异，其原因除OP大鼠热能摄入较多因素外，0P大鼠体内较高的能量效能是其肥胖易感性较高的重要因素，而能量效能与脂肪组织LPL基因的表达水平可能存在密切关系。     

高脂饮食对大鼠肝脏和骨骼肌脂联素受体表达的影响

目的观察高脂饮食对大鼠肝脏和骨骼肌脂联素受体表达的影响。方法利用高脂饮食制造肥胖倾向(OP)和肥胖抵抗(OR)大鼠模型,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测各组肝脏和骨骼肌组织脂联素受体(AdipoR1和AdipoR2)表达的水平差异。结果(1)喂食高脂饮食的OP和OR大鼠肝脏和骨骼肌组织的AdipoR1mRNA表达水平与对照组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)喂食高脂饮食的OP和OR大鼠骨骼肌组织的Adi-poR2mRNA表达水平与对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)OP大鼠肝脏的AdipoR2mRNA表达水平与OR大鼠和正常对照大鼠间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高脂饮食能促进大鼠肝脏组织AdipoR2表达,提示AdipoR2很可能是调节肝组织脂联素敏感性的主要受体。     

电针与饮食结构调整对营养性肥胖大鼠血脂和脂联素的影响

目的:观察电针与饮食结构调整对营养性肥胖大鼠血清脂联素(Adiponectin)水平及白色脂肪组织(WAT)中Adiponectin mRNA表达的影响。方法:采用高脂饮食建立营养性肥胖大鼠模型。造模成功的肥胖大鼠再随机分为高脂组、普食组、高针组、普针组,加空白对照组共5组,分别作相应处理15d。检测大鼠形态指标、血脂水平、血清Adiponectin及WAT中Adiponectin mRNA表达水平。结果:高针组与高脂组比较,大鼠体重、内脏脂肪重量明显下降(P<0.05),血清FFA含量显著降低(P<0.01);血清Adiponectin水平及WAT中Adiponectin mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);普针组与高脂组比较,血清Adiponectin水平及WAT中Adiponectin mRNA表达水平非常显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:电针可降低肥胖大鼠体重,改善血脂,提高血清Adiponectin水平和WAT中Adiponectin mRNA表达水平,从而达到减肥效果。     

脂联素在OLETF大鼠脂肪组织中的表达及意义

目的观察自发2型糖尿病动物模型OLETF大鼠脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达的变化。方法选择4周龄的雄性OLETF大鼠20只,LETO大鼠10只作为对照组,饲养28周后,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT);取空腹血清测甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸、胆固醇和血浆胰岛素水平;取大网膜脂肪组织,RT-PCR检测脂联素mRNA表达。结果OGTT试验结果显示,OLETF组大鼠负荷后0.5h和1h血糖明显高于LETO大鼠(P<0.05);OLETF组大鼠血清甘油三酯和血浆胰岛素水平显著高于LETO组(P<0.05)。OLETF组大鼠脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达量明显低于LETO组(P<0.05)。结论OLETF大鼠脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达水平明显降低。     

维吾尔族肥胖患者脂联素表达与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨维吾尔族肥胖患者腹部网膜和皮下脂肪组织脂联素的表达水平及其与血清脂联素、空腹血糖、血脂和胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法半定量RT-PCR方法检测41例肥胖和20例非肥胖研究对象腹部网膜和皮下脂肪组织脂联素mRNA的表达水平,ELISA法测血清脂联素,同时检测临床生化参数及胰岛素水平,并计算BMI、WHR和HOMA-IR。结果①网膜脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达水平肥胖组显著低于非肥胖组,血清脂联素水平在两组之间无显著性差异;②肥胖组DBP和SBP均显著高于非肥胖组,HDL-C低于非肥胖组;③肥胖组网膜脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达量与血清脂联素显著正相关,与BMI显著负相关,皮下脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达量与BMI显著负相关。血清脂联素与BMI、TC、LDL-C显著负相关。结论维吾尔族肥胖患者脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达量对血清脂联素浓度有影响,脂联素可能在维吾尔人腹型肥胖相关的代谢紊乱性疾病中起一定作用。     

β3肾上腺素能受体基因在肥胖大鼠神经肽Y Y5受体反义基因治疗中的作用

目的：探讨β3肾上腺素能受体基因在肥胖大鼠神经肽Y（NPY）Y5受体反义基因治疗中的作用。方法：建立高营养饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠模型，侧脑室插管后注射NPY Y5受体反义、错义寡核苷酸或生理盐水，测定肥胖大鼠的腹腔内脂肪组织湿重与血脂，并采用RT-PCR技术检测腹膜后脂肪组织中β3肾上腺素能受体基因的表达水平。结果：①高营养饮食诱导下肥胖模型大鼠的腹腔脂肪组织湿重与血脂水平均明显高于正常大鼠；②经NPY Y5受体反义寡核苷酸干预后，肥胖大鼠的腹腔脂肪组织湿重与血脂水平均明显降低，腹膜后脂肪组织中β3肾上腺素能受体基因的表达水平则显著高于肥胖对照大鼠。结论：侧脑室注射NPY Y5受体反义寡核苷酸可显著降低肥胖大鼠的体脂、血脂，其机制可能与腹膜后脂肪组织β3肾上腺素能受体基因的表达上调有关。     

吡格列酮对肥胖小鼠脂肪细胞因子脂联素表达的影响

目的:通过构建饮食诱导肥胖小鼠模型,观察吡格列酮对脂肪细胞因子脂联素表达的影响,探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)-γ激动剂在胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病中的作用机制.方法:对肥胖组小鼠予吡格列酮(每日10 mg/kg)灌胃14天后处死,放免法测小鼠空腹胰岛素水平,生化法检测血糖,ELISA法检测血清脂联素含量,实时定量PCR检测脂肪组织脂联素的mRNA表达.结果:肥胖组小鼠体重,空腹胰岛素及血糖水平明显升高(P<0.05).给药后,肥胖干预组小鼠空腹胰岛素降低(P<0.05),血糖降低(P<0.01),血清脂联素含量升高(P<0.01),HE染色显示脂肪细胞体积明显缩小,脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达升高(P<0.05).结论:PPAR-γ激动剂通过影响脂肪细胞因子的表达,从而改善胰岛素抵抗.     

人类皮下和网膜脂肪组织中脂联素基因的表达和调控的研究

目标:探讨脂联素在人类皮下和网膜脂肪组织中mRNA表达水平,以及糖皮质激素和PPARγ激动剂对脂联素的调控作用。方法:应用real-time摇RT-PCR方法观察了16名成人腹部皮下和网膜脂肪组织中脂联素mRNA表达水平以及与肥胖的关系。通过体外培养,观察地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)和/或PPARγ激动剂(troglitazone,TGZ)对不同部位脂肪组织脂联素的表达和分泌的调控作用。结果:皮下和网膜脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达丰富但无显著部位差异,网膜脂肪组织脂联素mRNA水平与BMI呈显著负相关(r=0.56,P<0.05)。体外培养24h后,TGZ处理组脂肪组织脂联素基因的表达明显增加(皮下:70%;网膜:102%),且网膜脂肪组织脂联素的分泌明显高于对照组(P<0.05);DEX则下调网膜脂肪组织脂联素mRNA的表达水平36%,TGZ可逆转这种抑制作用。结论:网膜脂肪组织中脂联素mRNA的表达随BMI增加而下降,并受到糖皮质激素及PPARγ激动剂调控。脂联素的部位特异性表达和调控可能是内脏型肥胖连接胰岛素抵抗的重要分子机制。     

翻白草对2型糖尿病大鼠脂联素基因表达的影响

目的:观察翻白草水提液(HPD)对高脂膳食加小剂量链脲佐茵素(STZ)诱导的2型糖尿病(2-DM)大鼠胰岛素抵抗指数及肾周脂肪组织脂联素基因mRNA表达的影响.方法:选用高脂饲料加小剂量STZ建立2-DM大鼠模型,将2-DM大鼠随机分为模型对照组(水)和三个HPD组(3g/kg、6g/kg、12g/kg),每组各10只,另选10只大鼠为正常对照组,各组灌胃8周后,空腹取材,RT-PCR法检测肾周白色脂肪组织脂联素(adiponection)基因mRNA水平,放免法测定空腹胰岛素并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistant index,IRI).结果:与2-DM模型组比较,HPD高、中剂量组能显著升高2-DM大鼠肾周脂肪组织脂联素基因mRNA表达,降低IRI.结论:翻白草水提液可增加2-DM大鼠脂联素基因mRNA表达.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.