Oral health of 12-year-old Bangladeshi children

Previous dental caries studies in Bangladesh have been performed on non-randomized samples, using various clinical criteria. Estimates of dental caries prevalence in 12-year-olds are therefore uncertain. In the present study a clustered, stratified random sampling procedure was used. Dental caries was scored as DMFT in accordance with the WHO recommendations and related to oral hygiene and various behavioral and social variables. The caries experience was found to be low, with a mean DMFT score of 0.97. Poor oral hygiene and bleeding gingiva were frequently detected. Dental caries experience was associated with sex, oral hygiene (girls), and use of dental services (more caries among frequent users than non-users). A correlation matrix analyzing the most influential independent variables indicated that sex and oral hygiene seemed to have an independent effect, whereas a web of social factors interfered with the 'use of dental services' variable.     

Oral health of 12-year-old Bangladeshi children

Previous dental caries studies in Bangladesh have been performed on non-randomized samples, using various clinical criteria. Estimates of dental caries prevalence in 12-year-olds are therefore uncertain. In the present study a clustered, stratified random sampling procedure was used. Dental caries was stored as DMFT in accordance with the WHO recommendations and related to oral hygiene and various behavioral and social variables. The caries experience was found to be low, with a mean DMFT score of experience was 0.97. Poor oral hygiene and bleeding gingiva were frequently detected. Dental caries associated with sex, oral hygiene (girls), and use of dental services (more caries among frequent users than non-users). A Correlation matrix analyzing the most influential independent variables indicated that sex and oral hygiene seemed to have an independent effect, whereas a web of social factors interfered with the use of dental services' variable.     

Oral health behaviour of Iranian mothers and their 9-year-old children

PURPOSE: The present study examined associations between the oral health behaviour (OHB) of Iranian mothers and the OHB and oral health status of their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2005, two self-administered questionnaires provided data on the OHB of a random sample of 9-year-old children (n = 459) and their mothers in Tehran, Iran. Brushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste and number of sugary snacks between meals served as oral self-care (OSC) assessment criteria for both. A clinical examination was performed for children at school. DMFT/dmft values, the restoration index (RI) and the unmet treatment needs index (UTN) facilitated an assessment of children's dental status and treatment. Chi-square test, bivariate correlation, and binary logistic regression model were employed in these analyses. RESULTS: Mother's OSC correlated with child's OSC (r = 0.18; p < 0.01). The reported children's brushing frequency correlated with mothers' brushing frequency (r = 0.2; p < 0.01). High maternal OSC levels were associated with lower dental treatment (DT) values in children (p < 0.01). Children's RI was positively and UTN negatively associated with mothers' OSC (p < 0.01). In the model, mothers' OSC (OR = 2.1) and female gender (OR = 2.1) were associated with children's OSC, while mothers' OSC was strongly associated with DT (OR = 11.0) and RI (OR = 34.0) in children. CONCLUSIONS: Higher OSC levels of the surveyed mothers were reflected positively in the oral health status and behaviour of their offspring. The potential of mothers to play a significant role in the oral health of their children should be kept in mind when developing oral health promotion programmes.     

泰州市6～7岁儿童口腔健康状况、行为及其影响因素的调查研究

目的 调查泰州市6～7岁儿童的口腔健康状况和及其影响因素。方法 随机抽取泰州市10所小学1 800名6～7岁儿童,按WHO龋病诊断标准调查儿童患龋情况。采用母亲问卷和教师问卷的调查方法收集儿童的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果 泰州市1 800名6～7岁儿童乳牙患龋率为68.2%,龋均为3.54,龋面均为8.24;恒牙患龋率为5.2%,龋均为0.07,面均为0.08,33.80%的儿童每天刷牙2次以上,59.10%的儿童每天刷牙1次,4.62%的儿童很少或从不刷牙。61.28%的儿童使用含氟牙膏。大约25.32%的儿童在过去1年拜访过牙医,59.20%儿童每天吃含糖食品3次以上。结论 泰州市儿童患龋率高于全国2008年口腔流行病学调查结果。     

Oral health condition of 12-year-old handicapped children in Flanders (Belgium)

Abstract The dental condition of 626 12-year-old handicapped children with mild mental or moderate to severe mental retardation or learning impairment, being 25% of the population of each of these groups, was examined in Flanders. An evaluation of oral cleanliness showed poor oral hygiene in 31.8% of the children. No significant differences were found in oral cleanliness among types of handicapping conditions. The mean DMFT score was 2.9 (s: 2.6) and DMFS score was 5.4 (s: 5.6). Almost 21% of the children were free of caries or fillings. No significant differences were found among groups of handicapped children. Handicapped children presented a low level of restorative care (restorative index score: 48.7%). Mildly mentally retarded children demonstrated the lowest restorative index (43.9%). The caries experience of first permanent molars represented the largest part of the DMFT score (64.1%). Sealants were present in 7.9% of children examined. A considerable percentage of mildly mentally retarded children and learning impaired children did not brush daily (22.1% and 20.9%) and did not receive help with toothbrushing from their parents or carers (91.0% and 94.7%, respectively).     

2005年北京12岁人群口腔健康行为调查

目的了解北京市12岁城乡学生口腔健康行为,为北京市口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市12岁城乡常住学生共396名,男女各半,按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》设计的12岁学生问卷,对受检学生进行现场问卷调查,了解12岁学生饮食行为、口腔卫生行为、口腔卫生保健知识知晓情况及来源、对口腔卫生保健的态度、就医行为等。结果12岁学生的刷牙率为89％,每日刷牙两次者达到48％,同1995第二次流调相比提高10％,含氟牙膏使用率提高27％。90％左右的学生对口腔保健持积极态度,在“知识”,“信念”方面有很大提高,但“行为”与“知识”差距较大,1年内就医比例同1995年相比下降6％。结论北京市12岁学生口腔保健知识“知”、“信”比例较高,但“知”、“信”、“行”之间差距较大,农村表现更为突出。提示我们在今后的工作中要把工作重点放到激励学生做认知的一致。     

Oral health in 5-year-old Swedish children

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to investigate the oral health of a group of 5-year-old children who had previously been examined in this respect at 3 and 4 years of age. The results were compared with those in an aged-matched reference group. The study included examination of caries and gingivitis, occlusion, presence of lactobacilli and C. albicans in plaque samples, flow rate, pH and buffer effect of stimulated saliva, and certain data on past prophylaxis and oral habits. Caries was found in 76 % of the children in the study group (S-group) and in 78% in the reference group (R-group). No significant differences were found in caries or gingival indices, in oral habits or prophylactic measures between the two groups. Buffer effect and pH of stimulated saliva were negatively correlated with deft and deft. Lactobacilli were demonstrated in 37 % and C. albicans in 12 % of the plaque samples. Various sucking habits were still present in 25 % of the S-group and 22 % of the R-group. Forty-nine and 46 % respectively had been given a daily supply of fluoride tablets by their parents for at least 2 years.     

Oral health in 4-year-old Swedish children

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to investigate the oral status of a group of 4-year-old children who had already been investigated as 3-year-olds 1 year previously. The children were examined for caries, gingivitis, extrinsic stains, supragingival calculus, signs of traumatic injury, occlusion, interdental spacing, and lactobacilli and C. albicans in plaque samples. The parents were interviewed regarding toothbrushing habits, fluoride prophylaxis, and oral habits in the children. The investigation was performed in association with a general physical examination of the children. Caries was demonstrated in 67 % of the children. The mean Gingival Index was 0.52. Lactobacilli in plaque were detected in 34 % of the children and C. albicans in 18 %. The children in whom lactobacilli were demonstrated had significantly more decayed surfaces than the other children. Various sucking habits were noted in 42 % and nocturnal grinding of the teeth in 28%. Most of the parents had received dental advice at the Child Health Centers, and 41 % had given their children fluoride tablets regularly for at least 2 years.     

Dental health of 12-year-old children in Athens

A 10% sample (684) of boys and girls in the final year of state primary schools in three different areas of the city of Athens were examined. Their mean age was 11 yr 7 months and a mean DMFT of 2.41 was found. The majority of children claimed to be regular dental attenders. When the dental data from the three different socio-economic areas of the city were analysed independently, differences in the caries experience were noted. This investigation has reported lower DMFT scores than other Greek studies.     

Oral health status of 16-year-old school children in Malaysia

The aim of the present study was to determine the oral health status of 16-year-old Malaysian school children. The prevalence of caries was 75.5%. More than 60% of subjects had caries experience by teeth (DMFT) scores of 0-3. The largest component of the DMFT and caries experience by surface index was the filled component. Females had higher caries prevalence and caries scores than males. The mouth and tooth prevalences of enamel defects were 56% and 21.8%, respectively. The most common type of enamel defects observed were diffuse opacities, affecting 95.5% of affected subjects and 92.1% of affected teeth. One-third of subjects had healthy gingival conditions, 8.6% had bleeding gingivae, 55.1% had calculus and 3% had pockets. Less than 1% of subjects wore or required dentures. Cleft lip and/or palate was uncommon. This study shows that the prevalence of caries and DMFT scores have declined over the last 30 years.     

Oral health behavior of 6-year-old Danish children.

In Denmark the Public Dental Health Service (PDHS) is now in the process of evaluation and revision of oral health education programs. The purpose of the present survey was 1) to evaluate the pattern of oral health behavior among 6-year-old children in relation to family and social characteristics; 2) to describe the level of dental knowledge and attitudes among the parents; and 3) to estimate the relative effect on caries experience of social and behavioral risk factors. The study comprised 212 children (response, 73%), and the parents responded to self-administered questionnaires. Moreover, information on def-s and DMF-S was collected from the epidemiologic recording systems for the PDHS. With regard to dental caries, 98% of the parents were aware of the harmful effect of sugar, and 88% knew about the role of bacteria. The causal effect of bacteria in relation to periodontal disease was stressed by 81%. Most of the parents (93%) believed that the dental diseases are preventable by means of proper oral hygiene habits, restriction of sugar and sweets, and the use of fluorides. The high level of dental knowledge among the parents was related to information given by the PDHS. Toothbrushing at least twice a day was performed by 88% of the children, and most used fluoridated toothpaste. Practical support to the children was given by 45% of the parents, and 55% checked the teeth. On a daily basis, the children had healthy foods like vegetables (59%), fruits (87%), and milk (89%), and orangeade was consumed by 53%; 45% of the children consumed sweets on a specific weekday ('Saturday sweets').(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Oral health survey of 5-12-year-old children of National Guard employees in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objectives. To assess the oral health status, preventive practices and mutans streptococci (MS) levels among the children of National Guard personnel living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Design. Cross‐sectional study of schoolchildren. Setting. Dental Clinic of the National Guard Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sample and methods. A sample of 272 5–12‐year‐old children, 154 males and 118 females (95% Bedouin), were selected from approximately 35 National Guard schools in the Riyadh area. An examination was performed in the dental clinic in the National Guard hospital. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Debris Index (DI‐S); Gingival Index (GI) was used to measure gingival health; dental fluorosis was recorded according to the criteria of Dean. Dental caries (dmft, dmfs, DMFT and DMFS) was recorded according to the recommendations of Haugejorden. Concentration of MS in saline rinse samples was assessed by routine laboratory methods and expressed as colony forming units (CFU) per ml (log₁₀). Results. There was a high level of dental caries (mean dmft = 3·8 ± 3·2; mean dmfs = 21·5 ± 15·7; mean DMFT = 2·0 ± 1·9; mean DMFS = 3·1 ± 3·7). Only 0·7% of the children had no caries experience (dmft + DMFT). MS levels ranged from 0 to 7·5×10⁵ CFU per ml (mean MS = 4·10 ± 0·90 log₁₀ CFU per ml). A significant relationship between MS and caries experience was observed (P = 0·003). Mild fluorosis was observed in 14% of the children. Oral hygiene scores indicated that most of the examined tooth surfaces had detectable plaque (mean DI‐S = 1·78). Gingivitis was present in 100% of the children and was considered moderate to severe in 14% (mean GI = 1·18). Conclusions. The study revealed a high level of oral diseases and poor oral hygiene in the study population and a need for therapeutic and preventive measures.     

Oral hygiene and toothbrushing habits of 12-year-old children in Hong Kong

Randomly selected groups of 486 Southern Chinese and 129 non-Chinese 12-yr-old Hong Kong children were examined for calculus and oral debris. The non-Chinese children had less plaque and calculus than the Chinese children (P less than 0.001). The girls had lower plaque scores than the boys in both ethnic groups. The higher frequency of toothbrushing by the girls possibly reflects their greater awareness of personal appearance. There is a need to increase the standard of oral hygiene and the level of dental awareness amongst Chinese children living in Hong Kong.     

Oral health status of 12-year-old school children in Khartoum state, the Sudan; a school-based survey

Background  

Few studies have investigated the prevalence of dental caries among school children in the past decades in Sudan rendering it difficult to understand the status and pattern of oral health.     

Oral health status in Belgian 3- to 5-year-old children

The aim of this study was to determine the need for oral health care in young Belgian children in the municipality of Leuven, Belgium. The sample consisted of 750 boys and girls (3 years=200, 4 years=200 and 5 years=350). Clinical examination was carried out by one examiner and duplicate recordings were made on 10% of the sample. The clinical examination included recording of: (1) plaque index; (2) gingival index; (3) caries index; and (4) fluorosis index. Plaque and gingival indices were recorded at six sites of smooth surfaces on selected teeth. Occlusal plaque was also registered. Before the clinical examination for caries and fluorosis, the children had their teeth professionally cleaned with toothbrushes and dental floss and dried by means of gauze bandages. In all age groups, the percentage of plaque-free sites was of the order of 60% and sound gingiva was identified at 83% of the recorded sites. The percentages of caries-free children were 69% (3 years), 57% (4 years) and 52% (5 years). The mean deft scores (standard error) were 1.37 (±0.21), 1.76 (±0.21) and 2.03 (±0.17). The corresponding mean defs scores were 2.04 (±0.44), 2.46 (±0.35) and 3.75 (±0.42). Non-cavitated active lesions, included in the defs scores, represented about 50% of all caries lesions. Early signs of dental fluorosis were identified in 19% (3 years), 17% (4 years) and 9% (5 years) of children. The need for oral health care in the population studied is mainly related to non-operative treatment procedures aimed at controlling the progression of disease. Received: 1 August 1997 / Accepted: 13 February 1998     

Oral hygiene and gingival condition among 12-year-old children in the Brussels Region

The study analyses oral hygiene and gingival status in a group of 12-yr-old children from the Region of Brussels. In 1998, a total of 496 children from eight selected schools participated in the sample. All children were interviewed about their socio-economic status and oral health care. Records of the plaque index and the gingival index were made. The mean plaque and gingivitis were 1.24 (+/- 0.03) and 1.32 (+/- 0.03), respectively. Seventy percent of the examined sites presented plaque and gingivitis. Privileged children showed lower means than non-privileged counterparts. Multiple linear regression showed that dental plaque was significantly associated to age, toothbrushing and appointment in case of discomfort or pain (P = 0.02). Age, gender, type of the toothbrush and use of dental floss were associated to gingivitis (P = 0.05). Daily home-based mechanical plaque removal is critical for the maintenance of gingival health and when efficiently performed it leads to remission of gingivitis. Dentists should be encouraged to give information and training on regular plaque removal to their patients.