盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗围术期的应用

目的观察血小板糖蛋白(glycoprotein,GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)围术期的疗效及安全性。方法AMI患者经急诊冠脉造影示TIMI 0~1级,预计行PCI者90例按就诊顺序分为替罗非班组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。替罗非班组PCI术前开始应用盐酸替罗非班,持续泵入至术后36~48 h。对照组同常规PCI。观察两组冠脉复流3、0 d再梗死及死亡情况,并监测术前、术后血小板活化度。结果替罗非班组急诊PCI术后无慢复流、无复流现象发生,TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组急诊PCI术后TIMI 0~2级,即无复流及慢复流发生率11.10%(5/45),TIMI 3级血流发生率88.90%(40/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义。观察30 d盐酸替罗非班组无再梗死及死亡;对照组再梗死及死亡发生率6.66%(3/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义。盐酸替罗非班可明显降低血小板活化度,不增加出血并发症。结论在AMI急诊PCI围术期应用盐酸替罗非班既可开通冠脉,又可改善冠脉血流,减少术后再梗死,达到真正意义上挽救心肌的目的。     

替罗非班对老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊直接介入治疗的应用价值

目的评价老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊直接PCI中简化应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的价值。方法选择行急诊直接PCI的老年急性心肌梗死患者105例,随机分为替罗非班组57例和对照组48例。替罗非班组接受简化应用替罗非班方案(术前、术后使用,术中不使用),对照组不使用。分析2组的基线资料、即刻手术成功率、肌钙蛋白、出血和血小板减少情况,观察住院和随访30 d主要心脏不良事件及30 d LVEF。结果 2组患者均急诊直接PCI成功。替罗非班组冠状动脉造影时,梗死相关动脉前向血流明显优于对照组,24 h肌钙蛋白水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),术后血小板计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者住院及随访期间,均无主要心脏不良事件发生,2组患者出血情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。替罗非班组30 dLVEF明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊直接PCI简化应用替罗非班安全、有效。     

早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的有效性及安全性分析

目的评价在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中早期应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的有效性和安全性。方法将80例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为替罗非班组（替罗非班＋直接PCI,40例）和对照组（直接PCI,40例）。比较两组患者梗死相关动脉PCI后即刻TIMI血流、术后90min心电图ST段回落百分比、术后7d左室射血分数、术后30d内主要不良心脏事件（心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡）、出血和血小板减少的发生率。结果替罗非班组PCI后慢复流发生率及主要不良心脏事件的发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．05）,出血并发症的发生与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论早期应用替罗非班能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI后梗死相关血管的TIMI血流,减少PCI后主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌生化标志物及临床预后的影响

目的前瞻性评价替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、酶性心肌梗死面积以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率的影响.方法183例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组(92例)和对照组(91例).比较两组基础临床情况、介入治疗结果、急诊PCI术前和术后血清肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、酶性心肌梗死面积、住院期和术后180天左心室射血分数及MACE发生率.结果替罗非班组与对照组相比,基础临床情况、介入治疗结果及术前肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I水平差异均不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).替罗非班组与对照组相比,急诊PCI术后肌酸激酶混合型同工酶峰值(P＜0.01)和肌酸激酶混合型同工酶均值(P＜0.01)、肌钙蛋白I峰值(P=0.01)和肌钙蛋白I均值(P＜0.05)、酶性心肌梗死面积(P＜0.05)均显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义.替罗非班组与对照组相比,住院期及术后180天左心室射血分数(P＜0.05～0.01)明显增加,MACE发生率(P＜0.05)显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义.多因素回归分析表明,替罗非班治疗是降低STEMI患者急诊PCI术后180天MACE发生率的独立决定因素(OR=0.39,P＜0.01).替罗非班组术后出血并发症发生率高于对照组,但差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论替罗非班能显著降低STEMI患者急诊PCI.术后肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I峰值和均值,明显缩小酶性心肌梗死面积,并显著改善住院期及术后180天临床预后.     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者冠脉内血流及预后的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者冠脉内TIMI血流的影响。方法选择AMI行PCI患者80例,分为替罗非班组和对照组各40例。比较两组术后TIMI血流级别、住院期间及治疗2个月后主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率及出血情况。结果替罗非班组和对照组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率分别为90.0%和55.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。替罗非班组住院期间及治疗2个月后MACE的发生率分别为7.5%、35.0%,对照组则分别为10.0%、40.0%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组均无颅内出血等严重出血事件发生。结论替罗非班能明显改善AMI急诊PCI术后TIMI血流状况,降低AMI急诊PCI术后患者MACE发生率,且不增加出血事件。     

STEMI介入治疗患者急诊提前应用替罗非班的效果及安全性

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前应用替罗非班的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2012年12月至2013年12月我院STEMI接受急诊PCI联合应用替罗非班的患者147例,按照随机数字表法分为急诊替罗非班组(76例,在急诊PCI前开始应用替罗非班)和常规替罗非班组(71例,常规术后使用替罗非班)。比较术前、术后梗死相关血管血流情况、临床出血并发症及术后30d内心血管事件发生率。结果:与常规替罗非班组比较,急诊替罗非班组术前TIMI3级(10.0%比22.4%)与TIMI2级+TIMI3级(23.9%比39.5%)血流比例明显升高(P均0.05);两组术后TIMI3级血流比例、Blush3级和TIMI计帧数获得率均无显著差异(P均0.05);临床出血并发症及术后30d内心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急诊提前应用替罗非班可提高ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI前梗死相关血管前向血流。     

冠状动脉使用替罗非班对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后的影响

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后TIMI血流、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白(TnT)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法:将164例入选的行急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为冠脉使用替罗非班组(冠脉组,84例)和静脉使用替罗非班组(静脉组,80例),在急诊PCI术前及完成后测定梗死相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流,在发病12、24h采静脉血查CK-MB及TnT。观察PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落情况,观察PCI术后3d出血事件。随访30d记录MACE。结果:与静脉组比较,冠脉组明显改善PCI术后IRA的TIMI血流[(2.95±0.17)∶(2.84±0.22),P0.05],明显降低12、24h时的CK-MB与TnT水平(均P0.05),明显增加PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落70%的例数(P0.05)。两组术后出血事件及30dMACE没有显著差异。结论:对于行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,与静脉使用替罗非班比较,冠脉使用替罗非班可有效改善心肌灌注,减小心肌梗死面积。     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术后心肌灌注及临床预后的影响

目的探讨替罗非班对急性心肌梗死（AMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后心肌灌注及临床预后的影响。方法 104例AMI患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予替罗非班＋PCI治疗,对照组直接PCI治疗。结果观察组PCI术后即刻TIMI 3级血流发生率高于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组PCI术后90 min ST段抬高总和回落百分比高于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组术后71、4 d肌酸激酶同工酶低于对照组（P〈0.05）,左室射血分数高于对照组（P〈0.05）;术后观察组患者心绞痛、心律失常发生率低于对照组（P〈0.05）,轻度出血（皮肤、黏膜出血）发生率高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论替罗非班可有效改善AMI患者PCI术后心肌灌注,降低术后部分不良心脏事件的发生,且无严重不良反应,可在临床推广使用。     

急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)方法学改进的临床应用与研究

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)时,冠脉内注射替罗非班的有效性和安全性[1]。方法选取2014年1月~2015年12月我院收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者30例作为研究对象,随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,各15例。比较两组梗死相关血管开通后TIMI血流分级,观察术后主要心血管事件、左室射血分数、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血小板计数及出血事件发生率。结果替罗非班组梗死相关血管TIMI血流3级率为92.5%,高于对照组(P0.05)。术后心肌损伤标志物、主要不良心脏事件明显低于对照组(P0.05)。3组间出血并发症、血小板减少症、再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、活化凝血酶原时间及血小板计数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。替罗非班不增加患者致命性出血风险。结论替罗非班在STEMI急诊PCI中是安全有效的,可提高心肌微血管水平的灌注,改善患者的临床预后。     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中无复流现象的影响

目的观察血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEAMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中无复流现象的影响.方法选择2006年1月至2006年12月哈尔滨医科大学第一附属医院心内科急诊入院的STEAMI患者104例,急诊冠状动脉造影结束后,按就诊顺序随机分为盐酸替罗非班组和对照组,观察两组PCI术后TIMI血流情况,24 h和1周心电图ST段回落情况2、4 h及30 d复合心血管终点事件发生率及出血情况.结果替罗非班组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率92.3%,TIMI 0~2级血流发生率7.7%;对照组TIMI 3级血流发生率80.7%,TIMI 0~2级血流发生率19.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).替罗非班组24 h和1周心电图ST段完全回落率较对照组大(P<0.05).两组住院期间主要复合终点心血管事件发生率无显著差异(P>0.05),但替罗非班组有下降趋势.两组均无严重出血事件发生.结论急性心肌梗死直接PCI中应用盐酸替罗非班,可以改善术后梗死相关动脉无复流现象.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.