人手指掌侧面皮神经分布和微血管的关系

阐明正常成人手指掌侧面皮神经分布和微血管的关系,进一步探讨断指再植后的皮肤感觉障碍的原因,为某些皮肤疾病原因和皮肤移植方法提供形态学资料。：采用ＳＰ免疫组化方法研究死亡后的正常成人手指掌侧面皮肤的末梢神经。结果真皮乳头层内神经多分布在表皮下和血管丛附近。     

大鼠阔筋膜襻神经的免疫组织化学研究

目的 :证明Wistar鼠模型人工阔筋膜襻有神经分布。方法 :采用SP免疫组织化学染色方法 ,标记人工阔筋膜襻的S 1 0 0蛋白受体。结果 :术后一个月时 ,大鼠的阔筋膜襻有S 1 0 0蛋白表达 ,表明该人工阔筋膜襻有神经支配。结论 :人工阔筋膜襻是有神经支配的人工装置。     

大鼠阔筋襻神经的免疫组织化学研究

目的：证明Wistar鼠模型人工阔筋膜襻有神经分布。方法：采用SP免疫组织化学染色方法。标记人工阔筋膜襻的S-100蛋白受体。结果：术后一个月时,大鼠的阔筋膜襻有S-100蛋白表达,表明该人工阔筋膜襻有神经支配,结论：人工阔筋膜襻是有神经支配的人工装置。     

生后人肺神经内分泌细胞的形态学观察—免疫组织化学及电镜研究

用银染色法、免疫组织化学及透射电镜技术，对３６例人肺的神经内分泌细胞进行了形态学和免疫组织化学观察。提示ＮＥ细胞发生了废用性退化，其原因可能与出生前后人肺功能改变有关。     

神经母细胞瘤临床病理及免疫组织化学研究

神经母细胞瘤临床病理及免疫组织化学研究唐卫华汪筱娟王美清刘文君谭燕泉神经母细胞瘤是儿童常见的恶性程度较高的小细胞肿瘤，人们对其预后十分关注，并发现其分化程度与预后关系密切。本文观察３１例神经母细胞瘤，以探讨免疫组化指标是否与该瘤的分化有关。１材料和方...     

人胎蓝斑神经元免疫组织化学研究

为了探讨人蓝斑神经元的胚胎发育特征 ,为蓝斑 -脊髓移植选择适宜胎龄提供形态学根据 ,本研究用免疫组织化学技术系统地观察了人胎蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样免疫反应阳性神经元的发育。结果证明 :( 1)蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元在胎龄 4个月时已经出现在蓝斑的腹侧部 ;( 2 )蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元随胎龄增长逐渐增多 ,以 5个月时增加显著 ;( 3)酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元的密度在胚胎早期升高 ,晚期呈下降趋势 ;( 4)酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元主要分布在蓝斑的背侧部 ,少量散在于腹侧部 ;( 5)酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元开始出现时呈圆形或卵圆形 ,5～ 6个月时呈锥形和梭形 ,7～ 8个月时则以梭形、多角形为主。其胞体逐渐增大 ,胞浆逐渐增多 ,核浆之比由大变小 ,胞突从粗短变为细长平滑。本研究结果提示 ,人胎蓝斑移植以 4个月胎龄者作移植供体较为适宜     

皮肤Rosai-Dorfman病

目的探讨皮肤Rosai-Dorfman病(CRDD)的临床病理学特征、免疫学表型和鉴别诊断。方法分析8例CRDD患者的临床表现,对标本进行病理学和免疫组织化学(EnVision二步法,抗体包括S-100蛋白、CD68、CD1a、CD45、CD20、CD79a、CD3和CD45RO)染色观察。结果8例患者临床皮损均为四肢或躯干多个丘疹、结节和(或)融合斑块,无淋巴结肿大等其他系统性病变。镜下特点为真皮和(或)皮下脂肪组织内数量不一的S-100蛋白阳性窦组织细胞伴大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润。10％～50％组织细胞胞质内见淋巴细胞伸入。病程较长者病灶内见席纹样排列硬化性纤维间质,夹杂个别微脓疡形成。2例脉管间隙内可见窦组织细胞。结论CRDD是一种良性组织细胞持续增生性病变,与巨淋巴结病性窦组织细胞增生症不同,系统累及可能极小,预后较好。组织学上应避免与其他类型组织细胞增生症、真皮隆突性纤维肉瘤、黄色瘤及皮肤淋巴组织增生性病变等混淆。免疫组织化学S-100蛋白、CD68等标记对鉴别诊断有帮助。     

重视免疫组织化学的质量控制和标准化

免疫组织化学技术作为病理诊断的辅助技术,已成为目前临床组织病理诊断不可或缺的手段之一。免疫组织化学技术的应用大大提高了病理诊断的水平,使原来很多很难诊断的疾病,通过免疫组织化学技术的发展而得以解决。如对于形态上不典型,又无色素的恶性黑色素瘤,HMB45和MelanA或S-100的免疫组织化学技术染色,可很容易帮助病理医生确定诊断。很多软组织肉瘤,     

Sensory Innervation of the Female Human Umbilical Skin: Morphological Studies

Background: Sensory stimuli are conducted by several cutaneous sensory nerves and tactile corpuscles. The latter are specialized sensory organs that represent the starting point of many afferent sensory pathways. To date, our knowledge about the distribution of the sensory innervation in the umbilical skin of females is incomplete.

Aim of the study: To elucidate the morphology of the cutaneous innervation of the normal female umbilical skin.

Materials and methods: Biopsies of normal umbilical skin were obtained from female patients undergoing umbilical hernial repair. The specimens were processed for both immunohistological (antibodies against PGP9.5, pan-neuronal marker, and S-100 protein, marker of Schwann cells) and ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) examinations.

Results: The authors found abundant genital end-bulb-like structures, numerous epidermal and dermal Merkel cells, Meissner and Ruffini corpuscles, intraepidermal nerve terminals, and multiple free nerve endings surrounding the ducts and acini of the sweat glands.

Conclusions: The umbilical skin of females has abundant sensory innervation similar to that of the glans penis.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in salivary gland neoplasms

A peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for S-100 protein has been applied to 68 salivary glands. These included 17 pleomorphic adenomas, seven adenoid cystic carcinomas, 23 adenolymphomas and a number of other neoplasms. In addition, five specimens of myoepithelial sialadenitis ('benign lymphoepithelial lesion') and five normal parotid glands were included. Consistent results were obtained, myoepithelial cells and cells in myxoid and chondroid areas in pleomorphic adenomas staining intensely. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, on the other hand, there was no staining. The adenolymphomas possessed intensely S-100 protein-positive cells in the interfollicular lymphoid areas; these were probably interdigitating reticulum cells. In addition, branching structures, probably corresponding to Langerhans' cells, were observed in the epithelium of adenolymphomas.     

腓肠神经营养动脉皮瓣的应用解剖学研究

目的研究腓肠神经营养动脉的数量、发出位置、血管的直径,小隐静脉与腓肠神经的关系,为确定腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学基础。方法采用红色明胶经股动脉灌注的尸体20具(40侧),在手术显微镜下对腓肠神经营养动脉和小隐静脉进行解剖观察测量。结果腓肠神经营养动脉2～4支,各营养动脉形成血管网相互吻合,其中三支发出较为恒定。腓肠神经的上、中、下三段营养分别由上述三支动脉提供。在小腿下1/3段,小隐静脉与腓肠神经之间距离为1～5mm。腓肠神经旁组织含有与神经伴行的营养血管,其分支与皮下血管网相吻合,供应相应区域的皮瓣。结论手术时带少量神经旁筋膜组织可保证蒂部神经营养血管不被破坏。此皮瓣不损害重要血管和神经,供区比较隐蔽,可用于修复下肢远端皮肤及软组织缺损。     

Sympathetic Skin Nerve Discharges in Relation to Amplitude of Skin Resistance Responses

Sympathetic skin nerve action potentials were recorded in the median nerve of 5 healthy college students. A linear and significant correlation was found between the mean voltage amplitude of the sympathetic bursts and the amplitude of skin resistance responses (SRRs). Thus amplitude of skin resistance responses seems to be an index of sympathetic activity.     

Significant Differences in Sympathetic Nerve Fiber Density Among the Facial Skin Nerves: A Histologic Study Using Human Cadaveric Specimens

Sympathetic nerve fibers in the skin nerves are connected with vasomotor, thermoregulatory, sensory input modulatory, and immunologic events; however, to our knowledge, no histological information is available for skin nerves in the human face. Using specimens from 17 donated cadavers (mean age, 86 years), we measured a sectional area of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive fibers in (1) the frontal nerve (V1), (2) the infraorbital nerve (V2), (3) the mental nerve (V3), (4) the greater auricular nerve (C2), (5) the auriculotemporal nerve (ATN), and (6) the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (VII). The V1, V2, and V3 were obtained at their entrances to the subcutaneous tissue from the bony canal or notch. The V1, C2, ATN, and/or VII usually contained abundant TH‐positive fibers (almost 3%–8% of the nerve sectional area), whereas the V2 and V3 consistently carried few TH‐positive fibers (<1%). The difference between these two groups was quite significant (P < 0.001). Thus, from the superior cervical ganglion, the sympathetic nerve fibers reached the forehead through the frontal nerve trunk, whereas artery‐bounded fibers came to the cheek, nose, and mouth. The sympathetic palsy caused by trigeminal nerve involvement is mainly characterized by the symptoms seen in the distribution of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, such as in Horner's syndrome. It suggests that the forehead and the other facial areas are representative parts of those different sympathetic innervations that could be useful for evaluating the sympathetic function of the face in various diseases. Anat Rec, 299:1054–1059, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of glial markers in retinoblastomas

Summary Twenty retinoblastomas were studied immunohistochemically in order to visualize glial cells. In the retina, the glial cells in the ganglion cell layer and the Müller cells were GFAP positive, while only the glial cells of the ganglion cell layer expressed S-100 reactivity. In the tumours S-100/ GFAP positive glial cells were found in areas near the retina and along many tumour vessels. Some S-100 reactive cells previously interpreted as tumour cells were refound in a few tumours. In areas with Flexner-Winterstein rosettes and in areas with light cells showing photoreceptor-like differentiation, glial cells reactive for both S-100 and GFAP were demonstrated. The latter findings may represent differentiation in a glial direction in the more mature parts of retinoblastoma.     

Immunohistochemical study of neuron specific enolase and S-100 protein in Hirschsprung's disease

Summary The distribution of whole differentiated neurons in the intestines from 15 children with Hirschsprung's disease was investigated using neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the perineuronal elements were studied using S-100 protein immunostaining.In aganglionic segments, NSE immunoreactive ganglion cells and S-100 positive satellite cells were absent, but the hypertrophic nerve trunks did show a markedly positive NSE and S-100 immunoreactivity.Two different forms of aganglionic segment were present. One was the middle aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis which was almost completely dennervated. In the other type, there were several NSE positive nerve fibers in the muscularis propria of both the aganglionic segment of short segment aganglionosis and the distal aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis. These latter two aganglionic segments seemed to be innervated by extrinsic nerves.     

Immunohistochemical studies on S-100 cells in the anterior pituitary gland of Sprague Dawley rats and spontaneous dwarf rats

The S-100 cells in the pituitary glands of adult male Sprague Dawley rats (SDs) and spontaneous dwarf rats (SDRs) were immunohistochemically examined using anti-S-100 and anti-S-100 monoclonal antibodies. The immunoreactive cells against S-100 protein were divided into three subtypes on the basis of their immunore-activity against subunits of S-100 protein: S-100 dominant type (the -type cell), S-100 dominant type (the \-type cell) and immunoreactive against both S-100 and S-100 (the -type cell). In the SD, -type cells represented 26% of the total S-100 immunoreactive cells (S-100 cells) and were localized in the peripheral area of the ventral region of the pituitary gland. This type of cell was observed forming clusters, with more abundant cytoplasm than the -type cell. The proportion of -type cells was 53%. They were diffusely distributed throughout the gland, and their processes were thicker than those of the -type cell. In the SDR, the proportion of -type cells was 55%, and they were observed throughout the gland. In contrast, -type cells totalled 12% and were localized in small areas of the central and peripheral region of the gland. The proportion of -type cells was 21% in the SD and 33% in the SDR and they were observed forming small clusters in both animal groups. The proportion of -type cells compared with the total of S-100-immunoreactive cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the SDR than in the SD, while the proportion of -type cells was markedly lower (P < 0.05).