萎缩肌肉的高频超声形态学评价

目的　探讨高频超声在萎缩肌肉的成像、定位及诊断中的应用价值。方法　检测１２ 例神经源性肌萎缩患者,１８ 例进行性肌营养不良肌萎缩患者及３２ 例正常人的双侧大腿中下部内侧、前侧、后侧、肌群,观察二维图像特征和差异。结果　①萎缩肌肉在肌群饱满性、网络样连续性上明显不同于正常肌肉,其声像图表现为强光斑增多或弥漫性回声增多;②神经源性肌萎缩的异常回声分布较广泛,且超声图像缺乏特征性,进行性肌营养不良患者的萎缩肌肉回声分布较局限,以前内侧肌群常见,图像特征明显。结论　高频超声对对比正常肌肉和萎缩肌肉,以及对萎缩肌肉的成像及诊断定位都具有较大的临床意义。     

高频超声诊断肌肉损伤68例分析

目的：探讨肌肉损伤患者的超声声像图特征及高频超声在肌肉损伤诊断与治疗中的价值。方法68例肌肉损伤患者采用美国PHILI公司提供的PHILIPS 7500彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行多切面、多方向的探查。结果高频超声诊断肌肉部分撕裂伤合并肌肉血肿44例,声像图特征为肌纤维出现部分连续性中断,肌肉内部及筋膜之间可探查到有低回声或无回声不规则的液性暗区;单纯肌间血肿12例,声像图特征为肌间出现长条状液性暗区,肌肉纹理清晰、连续;肌肉完全撕裂伤合并肌肉血肿7例,声像图特征为肌肉纤维出现连续性中断,肌肉纤维的边缘毛糙,在其回缩的肌肉断端游离可以探查到有高回声,高回声呈现出被无回声及低回声血肿包绕;单纯肌肉挫伤5例,声像图特征为局部肌肉纹理回声的高低变化。结论高频超声对诊断可以较为直观地观察到肌肉损伤患者的肌肉形态、纹理、肌肉与周围软组织间的关系,为临床治疗方案的制定提供有效的参考,同时有利于为临床随诊的指导工作提供有效依据。     

年龄对肌肉超声图像纹理特征的影响

目的:利用肌骨超声获得年轻人和老年人肌肉图像,分析肌肉形态学差异,并结合图像处理技术分析肌肉纹理特征随年龄的变化。方法:本试验于2018年5—7月招募健康成年志愿者50例,根据年龄分为青年组(<30岁)和老年组(≥60岁),青年组22例,老年组28例。使用肌骨超声获得两组志愿者内侧腓肠肌横切和纵切图像,直接测量肌肉厚度和羽状角。将所获得的图像进行兴趣区域的选择并从中提取9个纹理特征,包括基于灰度直方图的灰度均值和灰度方差;基于灰度共生矩阵的对比度和同质性;基于灰度梯度共生矩阵的灰度熵;基于游程长度矩阵的灰度不均匀性、游程长度不均匀性、低灰度游程优势和高灰度游程优势。结果:肌肉形态学上,老年组内侧腓肠肌肌肉厚度显著小于青年组(P<0.05),两组间羽状角无显著差异(P>0.05)。肌肉纹理上,与青年组相比,老年组的灰度方差、对比度、灰度熵、灰度不均匀性、低灰度游程优势显著降低(P<0.05);同质性、游程长度不均匀性显著增加(P<0.05)。两组间的灰度均值、高灰度游程优势无显著差异。结论:通过分析肌肉超声图像发现老年人有更大的同质性、游程长度不均匀性和更小...     

肌肉系统病变的高频超声声像图分析

目的分析高频超声下肌肉系统病变超声声像图表现。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对76例患肌肉软组织病变进行检查，观察并记录病变的回声特性，大小，范围，边界，内部回声，结构等。结果高频超声对76例患的检查敏感性为100%，肌腱断裂，韧带状纤维瘤，肌肉损伤，肌肉肿瘤及炎性病变等在声像图上有特异性改变。结论高频超声能够清晰显示肌肉系统病变的物理性质，对该类病变有较高的诊断敏感性和特异性。     

高频超声在外周神经,肌腱,肌肉的应用

应用高频超声在新鲜肢体超声解剖研究的基础上对外周神经、肌腱及肌肉的常见损伤进行了回顾分析，结果说明：（１）高频超声能清晰显示外周神经和肌腱的微细结构，使应用超声观察外周神经、肌腱及肌肉成为可能；（２）外周神经、肌腱、肌肉损伤时，超声有特异性表现，为临床提供了新的影像诊断方法．对外周神经、肌腱断裂手术定位及是否行外周神经、肌腱移植有重要意义；（３）对肢体恶性肿瘤患者，观察肿物与外周神经及血管的关系，对手术方案有重要指导价值     

高频超声在军事训练致肌肉损伤诊断中的应用价值

军事训练是增强部队官兵身体素质，磨练意志，维护和提高战斗力的重要手段。但军事训练内容安排不恰当、方法不科学或过度疲劳训练容易发生训练伤，导致非战斗减员．影响部队正常的训练、工作和生活。军事训练伤以软组织损伤多见，约占军事训练运动系统损伤的70％。本研究旨在探讨高频超声在军事训练致肌肉损伤诊断中的应用价值。     

超声弹性成像联合高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺癌效果分析

目的:分析超声弹性成像联合高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺癌的效果。方法:选取泗洪分金亭医院2021年3月—2023年3月收治的60例疑似乳腺癌患者,患者入院后均接受高频彩色多普勒超声及超声弹性成像联合高频彩色多普勒超声检查,以手术病理结果作为金标准,对比不同检查方式诊断乳腺癌的诊断效能;分析不同乳腺癌分期弹性系数评分和彩色多普勒血流信号情况。结果:60例疑似乳腺癌患者经手术病理检查最终确诊44例,包括Ⅰ期13例,Ⅱ期12例,Ⅲ期14例,Ⅳ期5例。超声弹性成像联合高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺癌阳性预测值91.11%、阴性预测值80.00%、准确度88.33%、灵敏度93.18%、特异度为75.00%,均高于高频超声诊断的81.40%、50.00%、73.33%、79.55%、56.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着乳腺癌分期增高,弹性系数评分和彩色多普勒血流信号也逐渐增高(P<0.05)。结论:超声弹性成像联合高频彩色多普勒超声可清晰显示和定位病灶,判断肿瘤性质,利于进一步提高乳腺癌诊断效率,值得临床应用。     

高频超声显像结合弹性成像对乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断分析

目的探讨乳腺肿块的二维、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒及弹性成像的图像特征与其术后病理之间的相关性。方法以二维声像图为基础,结合彩色多普勒及频谱多普勒血流特征及弹性成像的硬度及面积比值分析,将53例乳腺肿瘤的超声诊断结果与病理学结果对照分析。结果乳腺肿瘤在二维及彩色多普勒上有各自的声像图特征,良恶性肿块内部血流频谱及弹性硬度及比值存在差异（P〈0．01）。结论对于乳腺肿瘤在二维声像图基础上结合CDFI、PW、弹性成像有助于提高其诊断准确性。乳腺疾病的超声诊断价值已为临床所公认,尤其是高频超声技术的发展对占位性病变的诊断具有独特的优势。     

高频超声显像结合弹性成像对乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断分析

目的探讨乳腺肿块的二维、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒及弹性成像的图像特征与其术后病理之间的相关性。方法以二维声像图为基础,结合彩色多普勒及频谱多普勒血流特征及弹性成像的硬度及面积比值分析,将53例乳腺肿瘤的超声诊断结果与病理学结果对照分析。结果乳腺肿瘤在二维及彩色多普勒上有各自的声像图特征,良恶性肿块内部血流频谱及弹性硬度及比值存在差异(P0.01)。结论对于乳腺肿瘤在二维声像图基础上结合CDFI、PW、弹性成像有助于提高其诊断准确性。乳腺疾病的超声诊断价值已为临床所公认,尤其是高频超声技术的发展对占位性病变的诊断具有独特的优势。     

高频彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像在乳腺癌诊断中应用效果分析

目的:评价高频彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像在乳腺癌诊断中的应用效果。方法:将2017年7月-2019年6月来我院就诊的200例乳腺肿块患者纳入本研究,对本组患者实施高频彩色多普勒超声检查和超声弹性成像检查,观察患者声像图表现,以病理诊断结果为诊断金标准,比较两种超声成像技术诊断乳腺癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果:200例患者中,132例患者病理诊断证实为乳腺癌,68例患者证实为乳腺良性肿块。高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺癌的敏感性、特异性、准确性均较超声弹性成像低,P均<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论:相较于高频彩色多普勒超声,超声弹性成像对乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值更显著。     

Local Texture Anisotropy as an Estimate of Muscle Quality in Ultrasound Imaging

This study introduces local pattern texture anisotropy as a novel parameter to differentiate healthy and disordered muscle and to gauge the severity of muscle impairments based on B-mode ultrasound images. Preliminary human results are also presented. A local pattern texture anisotropy index (TAI) was computed in one region of interest in the short head of the biceps brachii. The effects of gain settings and box sizes required for TAI computation were investigated. Between-day reliability was studied in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (n?=?26). The ability of the TAI to discriminate dystrophic from healthy muscle was evaluated in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and healthy controls (n?=?16). TAI values were compared with a gray-scale index (GSI). TAI values were less influenced by gain settings than were GSI values. TAI had lower between-day variability (typical error?=?2.3%) compared with GSI (typical error?=?2.3% vs. 8.3%, respectively). Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy had lower TAIs than controls (0.76?±?0.06 vs. 0.87?±?0.03, respectively, p?<0.05). At 40% gain, TAI values correlated with percentage predicted elbow flexor strength in inclusion body myositis (R?=?0.63, p?<0.001). The TAI may be a promising addition to other texture-based approaches for quantitative muscle ultrasound imaging.     

Hamstring Muscle Quality Properties Using Texture Analysis of Ultrasound Images

The aim of this study was to examine the intra- and inter-muscular differences of the hamstring muscles using textural analysis of ultrasound (US) images, and the relationship between textural indicators with hamstring torque. Transverse US scans were obtained from 10 young males from four different measurement sites along the thigh of each individual hamstring muscle at rest. Maximum-knee-flexion isometric torque measurements were also obtained. Texture analysis was applied to US images, and five gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features were quantified: entropy (ENT), angular second moment (ASM), inverse difference moment (IDM), contrast (CON) and correlation (COR). The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.77 to 0.99, and the standard error of measurement ranged from 0.06 to 10.05%, indicating high test–retest reliability. Analysis of the variance indicated significant differences between measurement sites and individual muscles, with the proximal measurement sites having greater values for ASM, IDM and COR and lower values for ENT and CON compared with the distal sites. Additionally, only the COR at the proximal measurement site exhibited a significant relationship (r = –0.66) with strength. The present study indicated significant differences among hamstrings and measurement locations with respect to the textural analysis and may provide a novel indicator of hamstring functional properties.     

Muscle Composition Analysis of Ultrasound Images: A Narrative Review of Texture Analysis

Skeletal muscle composition, often characterized by the degree of intramuscular adipose tissue, deteriorates with aging and disease and contributes to impairments in function and metabolism. Ultrasound can provide surrogate measures of muscle composition through measurement of echo intensity; however, there are several limitations associated with its analysis. More complex image processing features, broadly known as texture analysis, can also provide surrogates of muscle composition and may circumvent some of the limitations associated with muscle echo intensity. Here, texture features from the intensity histogram, gray-level co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, local binary pattern, blob analysis, texture anisotropy index and wavelet analysis are discussed. The purpose of this review was to provide a conceptual understanding of texture analysis as it pertains to muscle composition of ultrasound images.     

3D Ultrasound Strain Imaging of Puborectalis Muscle

The female pelvic floor (PF) muscles provide support to the pelvic organs. During delivery, some of these muscles have to stretch up to three times their original length to allow passage of the baby, leading frequently to damage and consequently later-life PF dysfunction (PFD). Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) imaging can be used to image these muscles and to diagnose the damage by assessing quantitative, geometric and functional information of the muscles through strain imaging. In this study we developed 3D US strain imaging of the PF muscles and explored its application to the puborectalis muscle (PRM), which is one of the major PF muscles.     

二维高频超声对未育女性耻骨直肠肌的影像学观察

目的 应用二维高频超声观察正常未育女性耻骨直肠肌的形态、结构、功能,为女性耻骨直肠肌的形态学观察提供一种有效的影像学探测方法.方法 选用二维浅表高频探头对50例正常未育女性耻骨直肠肌在会阴部进行探测,分别观察静息期、缩肛期耻骨直肠肌的声像图特点并测量厚度.结果 所有受检者均能清晰显示耻骨直肠肌,其长轴切面表现为呈两侧对称的带状中等偏高回声,内部回声连续,短轴切面表现为类椭圆形偏高回声.缩肛期耻骨直肠肌较静息期明显增厚,差异有统计学意义.结论 经会阴二维高频超声是观察女性耻骨直肠肌的一种便捷的影像学检查方法,将有助于耻骨直肠肌损伤的诊断和分型.     

断层超声成像对未育女性肛提肌的形态学研究

目的 应用断层超声成像技术(TUI)研究正常未育女性肛提肌的解剖结构,从方法学上阐述TUI技术在盆底结构检查中的应用.方法 应用经会阴三维超声对50例健康未育女性志愿者进行检查,采集三维容积数据保存,离线启用断层成像技术(TUI)分析.在生殖裂孔(LH)最小平面测量LH的前后径、左右径、面积.并在阴道后外侧与肛提肌左右肢长轴径线相垂直处测量肛提肌厚度.隔7～30 d后,由同一医师对所有志愿者进行第二次检查与测量.结果 TUI技术可同时在互相平行的多个平面显示肛提肌的形态.生殖裂孔前后径测量的组内相关系数(ICC值)是0.71,左右径的ICC值是0.76,面积的ICC值是0.60.肛提肌厚度的ICC值是0.62.结论 TUI技术可作为检查盆底肌形态学的常规方法.     

超声定标法纹理分析的实验研究

目的 证明超声定标法纹理分析软件是否能对超声图像进行定量检测.方法 在定标模块与待测模块同样仪器参数条件下利用超声定标纹理分析软件对定标体模和待测模块的声像图,进行比较分析.结果 定标模块与待测模块在同样超声仪器参数条件下可得出相对关系稳定检测结果.结论 通过本纹理分析实验研究的结果,证明超声定标纹理分析软件可对超声图像的回声粗细进行定量分析,而获得高重复性的检测结果(P＞0.05).     

结节性甲状腺肿的高频超声表现

目的研究结节性甲状腺肿的高频超声表现。方法搜集我院2004年1~6月经病理证实的153例结节性甲状腺肿,术前均作高频超声检查,回顾性分析其超声表现。结果甲状腺肿大23例,甲状腺肿大伴结节41例,甲状腺多发占位伴钙化89例。结论结节性甲状腺肿的高频超声表现多样,超声是诊断结节性甲状腺肿的一种重要方法。     

高频超声诊断结节性甲状腺肿

目的 探讨结节性甲状腺肿及合并症声像图的特征。方法 对576例结节性甲状腺肿的病人进行手术前后对照分析。结果 本组576例结节性甲状腺肿声像图、病理结果提示：单纯结节性甲状腺肿516例，结节性甲状腺肿合并桥本氏甲状腺炎28例，结节性甲状腺肿合并甲亢5例，结节性甲状腺肿合并乳头状瘤、癌16例，结节性甲状腺合并亚甲炎11例。结论 用高频超声诊断结节性甲状腺肿可靠性强，但要观察合并症的表现。