齐齐哈尔市社区护理服务功能现状调查及对策

[目的]了解齐齐哈尔市社区护理人员及护理服务功能现状等,探讨其对策.[方法]采取按比例分层抽样的方法对65个社区卫生服务中心(站)负责人和社区护士进行问卷调查.[结果]医护比为1︰1.07,社区护理服务功能质量受到严重影响.[结论]亟需健全社区护理服务功能,配足护理人员,完善社区护理管理体制,健全社区护士岗位培训体系,以提高社区护理质量.     

成都市社区卫生服务中心人力资源配置及服务保障状况的调查研究

目的通过调查成都市社区卫生服务中心人力资源配置及服务保障状况,分析存在的问题,为进一步提高社区卫生服务的利用效率提供参考。方法采用方便抽样的方法,以问卷调查的形式,对成都市9所社区卫生服务中心进行调研。结果 9所社区卫生服务中心共有工作人员586人,其中卫生技术人员数为531人,占90.61%;每千人口执业医师(助理医师)数为0.24人,每千人口注册护士数为0.27人。大专学历的卫生技术人员占主体,为50.09%。职称主要以初级水平为主,占68.17%。卫生技术人员缺乏科研培训,参加省级及以上培训的人员较少。服务项目主要为医疗保健服务,内容较为单一。部分社区卫生服务中心的设备设施陈旧,个别设备配置不足。结论各级政府和卫生行政部门应加强对社区卫生服务中心的统筹兼顾,优化社区卫生人力资源配置和服务保障资源供给,真正实现"人人享有初级卫生保健"的目标。     

社区卫生服务机构护士离岗意愿调查

目的 探讨社区卫生服务机构护士稳定情况,分析其影响因素,以促进社区护理队伍的稳定.方法 采用自制问卷对180名不同性质社区卫生服务中心(站)的社区护理人员进行问卷调查.结果 政府公办社区卫生服务机构有58.14%护士存在调离社区护理岗位的意愿,股份制机构有46.67%的护士存在调离意愿,私营机构有83.67%的护士存在调离意愿;不同性质社区卫生服务机构护士离岗意愿比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 私营社区卫生服务机构护士的离岗意愿最高,政府公办的次之,股份制最低.     

社区康复护理开展现状及护士培训需求调查

目的:调查苏州市城区社区康复护理开展现状。方法:以问卷调查的方式向苏州市37家城区社区卫生服务机构120名社区卫生服务人员发放调查问卷。结果:社区康复在社区卫生服务"六位一体"工作中是最薄弱的环节,73.3%护士认为康复护理在社区卫生服务工作中很重要,76.2%护士对康复护理在我国开展现状一般了解,84.2%护士愿意参加康复护理培训。结论:社区卫生服务发展不平衡,康复护理发展滞后;社区护士对康复护理态度是积极的,但认识较肤浅;社区护士对康复护理培训需求较迫切。应大力宣传和发展康复护理工作,拓展服务对象,加强社区康复护理人才的培养。     

社区护士岗位设置与职责现状及对策研究

目的:建立一套适合我国社区卫生服务发展现状和管理模式的,便于实际应用的社区护士岗位设置方案和职责规范,以对社区护士的工作提供具体明确的指导.方法:采用访谈法、观察法、个案分析法了解社区护士的岗位设置和职责现状;通过访谈法、问卷调查法和专家论证法,建立社区护士岗位设置与岗位职责建议方案.结果:目前我国社区护士的工作岗位没有进行规范的分类,岗位设置不利于社区护理工作任务的完成;岗位职责不明确,与其他专业人员分工不清晰.结论:建议将社区护上岗位划分为两大类:全科护士岗位和公共卫生护士岗位;建议全科医师与全科护士的比例为1∶(2 ～ 3);公共卫生医师与公共卫生护士的比例为1∶1.     

社区护理人才队伍建设现状与思索

目的 启动社区护理人才队伍建设,推进社区护理可持续发展。方法 采用立意、随机抽样的方法进行问卷和访谈调查,样本来源为全国八省、市、地区和乡镇的卫生局、医院、社区卫生服务中心、服务站、学校的235名社区卫生服务人员。结果 (1)85％的社区护士为中专学历;(2)58％认为社区护士整体素质低,达不到社区人群服务的要求;(3)50％社区护士还没有参加上岗培训;(4)人才培养方法：赞同全脱产占20％、半脱产占37％、函授占22％、网络教育占17％、自学占4%。结论 社区护士知识层次结构的不合理,素质和水平的薄弱,将阻碍我国社区护理的发展,应尽快完善人才队伍的建设。     

我校社区护理实践教学基地建设的现状分析及建议

目的 调查社区护理实践基地运行现状,对基地建设提出策略.方法采用问卷调查法对遴选为学校社区护理实践基地的15所社区卫生服务中心(站)的152名护理人员进行调查.结果 社区护理实践教学基地的护理人员以40岁以下、中专学历、低年资、初级职称且参加过社区护士岗位培训为主,教育需求与带教意愿所占百分率在70.00%以上,实践基...     

居民对社区护士稳定服务需求的调查分析

[目的]了解居民对社区护士稳定服务的需求,为社区护理管理提供依据.[方法]用不同的自制问卷分别对社区居民、护理人员、护理管理者进行问卷调查.[结果]800名居民中有51.4%的居民认为社区护士应该固定,14.9%的居民认为可以随便,4.6%的居民认为可以不固定,29.1%的居民对护士是否应该固定不清楚;180名社区护士中,43.9 %的护士服务的社区是固定的,56.1%没有固定服务社区;47家社区卫生服务中心(站)有46.8%的机构服务社区是固定的,53.2%的机构服务社区没有固定.[结论]居民需要固定的护士为自己服务,但目前大部分护士服务的社区和人群没有固定.     

厦门市社区卫生服务机构护士职能特点的调查分析

目的调查厦门市不同年龄段人群就诊社区服务机构的现状及社区卫生服务机构护士护理职能执行情况,探讨社区医疗护理在不同人群中的侧重情况。方法随机抽取全市17个社区卫生服务机构的服务对象(n=510)进行问卷调查。随机抽取20个社区卫生服务机构的护士(n=216)进行护理职能开展情况问卷调查。结果青年组291例每年平均就诊次数为(4.09±2.06)次,中年组96例为(4.60±1.86)次,老年组123例为(5.24±1.45)次,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。216名社区护士中,53.70%进行过家庭访视,26.85%进行过居家护理,93.06%开展健康保健护理服务,42.59%进行过康复护理。结论厦门市社区护士已经认识到健康教育的重要性,但家庭访视、居家护理、康复护理服务开展较少。应重视社区护士老年护理相关知识的继续教育,以适应当前的健康需求。     

西宁市社区护士专业教育需求调查研究

目的 调查西宁市的社区护士专业教育需求情况,为制订社区护士的专业教育和岗位培训规划提供参考. 方法采用整群抽样方法对西宁市20个社区卫生服务机构(中心或站)的119名社区护士社区服务机构(中心或站)的主要负责人23名进行问卷调查.结果 调查显示,52.94%的社区护士和86.96%的管理人员认为有必要开设社区护理专业,73.11%的社区护士希望和接受更高层次的学历教育,95.65%的管理人员认同社区护士接受更高层次的学历教育.有47.06%的社区护士和39.13%的管理人员选择了在校脱产,78.15%、63.87%的社区护士和100.00%、95.65%的管理人员选择了夜大和自考,其次的选择是远程教育、函授和电大.调查中64.71%的社区护士和100.00%的管理人员认为有必要接受岗位培训,岗位培训教学方式的选择明显的呈现多样化.41.18%的社区护士和56.52%的管理人员选择的岗位培训时间为3个月,47.06%、26.89%的社区护士和56.52%、39.13%的社区管理者希望岗位培训理论与实践的比例为1:1和2:1.结论 社区护士成人学历教育要突出社区护理专业培养目标,支持和鼓励社区护士提高学历,采取灵活多样的学历教育形式.岗位培训要规范化,教学方式要多样化,加大实践课程比例,建立社区护理教学实践基地.     

社区医疗服务的护理体会

为方便广大城市居民就医保健,减少其医疗费用支出,并进一步促进医疗资源的优化配置,我院在1970年开设家庭病床科的基础上,通过总结经验,完善制度,于1997年10月先后成立了3个社区医疗服务中心。这项利国利民的措施,把医疗卫生服务有机地融入社区群众的日常生活中,为居民提供了极大的方便。1社区医疗服务的实施1.1工作人员及物资配备位于居民小区内,设科主任、护士长各1名,主治医师及医师2~3名,主管护师及护师3~6名,财务1名,药剂师1名,电话1部,病床8~10张,简单的化验设备(血、尿、粪三大常规),心电图、血糖仪、神灯、频谱、气垫床等。1.2服务…     

Perspectives on certification of community health workers: A statewide mixed-methods assessment in Nebraska

Objectives

While the Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States has been growing, so far only 19 states certify CHWs. This study sought to identify perspectives on CHW certification among stakeholders in Nebraska, a state that has not established official certification for CHWs yet.

Design

A concurrent triangulation mixed methods design.

Sample

Study data came from a survey of 142 CHWs in Nebraska and interviews with 8 key informants employing CHWs conducted in 2019.

Methods

Logistic regression was used to identify significant factors associated with favoring CHW certification, supplemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data from CHWs and key informants.

Results

The majority (84%) of CHWs were in favor of a statewide CHW certification in Nebraska, citing community benefits, workforce validation, and standardization of knowledge as the main reasons. Participant characteristics associated with favoring CHW certification included younger age, racial minority, foreign born, education lower than bachelor's degree, volunteering as a CHW, and employed for less than 5 years as a CHW. Key informants employing CHWs were divided in whether Nebraska should develop a state certification program.

Conclusions

While most CHWs in Nebraska wanted to have a statewide certification program, employers of CHWs were less sure of the need for certification.     

重庆市社区居民就医行为及相关因素调查

目的了解社区居民就医行为,分析其相关因素,为发展社区卫生服务提供决策依据。方法对重庆市某社区534名居民就医行为及相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 64.04%的居民在身体不适时首先选择去医疗机构就医,其中83.04%的居民选择综合性医院就医,16.96%选择社区卫生中心(站)就医;婚姻状况、文化程度、慢性疾病史、医疗费用来源及月收入对社区居民就医行为影响差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论应在有效宣传的基础上,制订合理有效的政策,引导社区居民树立正确的就医观念,进而采取理性的就医行为。     

Strategies for embedding population health concepts into nursing education

Advances in community and public health are needed to address contemporary health needs, particularly poor health outcomes related to the social determinants of health and inequity. Nurses are ideally placed to promote meaningful advances in community and public health, collectively referred to as population health. Nurse educators can promote a deeper understanding of core population health concepts by threading these concepts throughout the academic nursing curricula in addition to standalone population or public health courses. Strategies for incorporating population health concepts in a variety of courses can be conceptualized through the themes emphasizing context, honoring community voices, cultivating community connection, and fostering leadership in social responsibility. Nurse educators with expertise in population health can serve as a resource for faculty as these strategies are implemented. Teaching population health provides exciting opportunities for innovative approaches to facilitate students to link their practice to wider social contexts. Further steps to strengthen the public and community health workforce will still be needed to meet population health needs.     

Five years activities of St. Luke's College of Nursing 21st Century COE program: Creation of People‐Centered Care

Aim: Through the St. Luke's College of Nursing 21st Century Center of Excellence (COE) Program, we also aim to develop and serve as a center for Nursing for People‐Centered Initiatives in Healthcare and Health Promotion, which creates innovative ways of health care chiefly using partnerships and collaboration with people. Methods: Under the direct supervision of the president of St. Luke's College on Nursing, the program leader and COE Committee work together to ensure systematic coordination and control over research projects. Results: People‐centered initiatives in healthcare and health promotion have given efficient feedback of tacit knowing, gained from people's innate experience encompassing birth, aging, illness, and death, following collaborative research with care consumers. By applying such knowledge to nursing care, the initiatives could be theorized and verified as the formation of a healthy community in which limited medical resources efficiently circulate. The development of this practical theory marked a milestone, producing a paradigm shift in medical care from the “product‐out” to “market‐in” approach, the results of which led to worldwide collaborative research. Collaboration through the global network of our WHO center was also enhanced, facilitating diverse international collaborative projects. As a result, research and education programs involving the exchange of novice researchers and graduate students have been encouraged. Conclusions: Through our five‐year research activities, people‐centered care has come to characterize itself as a combined, cooperative care that promotes systematic service in a comprehensive manner to meet the needs of consumers.     

Incorporating a built environment module into an accelerated second-degree community health nursing course

ABSTRACT Environmental quality is a leading indicator of population health. Environmental health content has been integrated into the curriculum of an Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing program for second-degree students through development of an environmental health nursing module for the final-semester community health nursing course. The module was developed through collaboration between two professional schools at Duke University (the School of Nursing and the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences). It focused on the role of the built environment in community health and featured a mix of teaching strategies, including five components: (1) classroom lecture with associated readings, (2) two rounds of online small-group student discussions, (3) assessment of the built environment in local neighborhoods by student teams, (4) team presentation of the neighborhood assessments, and (5) individual student papers synthesizing the conclusions from all team presentations. The goal of the module was to provide nursing students with an organizing framework for integrating environmental health into clinical practice and an innovative tool for understanding community-level components of public health.     

社区护士应充分发挥社区健康促进作用

健康促进是人们为维持完好身体状态和开发健康潜能 ,为发展一个可持续生活习性而开发的社区或个人的行动。为了充分发挥这项功能 ,社区护士应从发挥社区评估功能、倡导健康政策、通过健康教育来保证信息准确传达、加强各部门联系以及灵活应用社区理论 5方面发挥其作用