肥胖儿童血浆内源性硫化氢水平变化的研究

目的 探讨肥胖儿童血浆硫化氢(H2S)水平及其影响因素.方法 2007年3月至6月选取北京大学第一医院儿科常规体检肥胖儿童36例(肥胖组),超重儿童40例(超重组),正常儿童40名(对照组).测量身高、体重,得出体重指数(BMI);常规测量血压;对其家族史进行调查.测量其血浆总胆固醇、三酰甘油(甘油三酯)、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白水平;测定血浆H2S水平.结果 肥胖、超重组儿童体内H2S含量较对照组下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).肥胖组、超重组三酰甘油高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).肥胖组收缩压较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 肥胖、超重儿童血浆H2S水平降低,提示肥胖儿童体内存在舍硫氨基酸体系代谢失衡.     

单纯性肥胖儿童生长激素及身高的变化

目的：研究单纯性肥胖儿童生长激素水平及身高的变化，探讨发生这种变化的机制。方法：采用双抗体放射免疫法分别对30例单纯性肥胖儿童及23例同龄正常儿童的生长激素（GH）、胰岛素(Ins)及C－肽（CP）水平进行测定，同时对包括上述儿童在内的117例肥胖儿童及正常儿童的身高进行3年的动态观察。结果：肥胖组与对照组比较，GH水平明显下降（P＜0．01），但两组身高变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：肥胖儿童GH水平明显低于正常儿童，但目前并未发现生长障碍。肥胖儿童GH水平升高与Ins、血脂水平降低三者之间互为因果，与肥胖形成恶性循环。基于GH的融脂作用，近年来应用GH治疗肥胖成为新的探讨途径之一。     

儿童肿瘤的血脂和氨基酸代谢变化

17例急性白血病(AL)和14例实体瘤(ST)患儿作了血脂系列和氨基酸血清浓度的生化测定。结果发现:AL组血清总胆固醇(TCH)降低(P<0.05),总甘油三酯(TG)升高(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)降低(P<0.01)。ST组HDL降低(P<0.05)。两组患儿均有血清某些生糖氨基酸(GAA)、支链氨基酸(BCAA)、谷氨酰胺(GLN)—谷氨酸、牛磺酸(TAU)降低(P均<0.01)。提示,给予肿瘤患儿营养支持时应用脂肪乳剂要慎重,应重视GAA、BCAA、GLN和TAU的 补充。     

儿童肥胖相关肾病

随着儿童超重/肥胖在世界范围内发病率逐渐增高,肥胖相关肾病（ORG）越来越受到儿童肾脏专科医师的关注。ORG早期表现为蛋白尿、 肾小球肥大, 后期可出现局灶节段性肾小球硬化和肾功能下降, 如不及时干预, 可呈慢性进行性进展, 最终部分将发展至终末期肾病。文章从ORG发病机制（包括肾脏血流动力学、 神经体液、 脂代谢紊乱及其介导代谢性炎症等方面）、 临床与病理特征、 诊断与鉴别诊断、 治疗策略等方面的最新进展做系统总结。     

儿童单纯性肥胖相关性肾病

随着肥胖患者的日益增多,单纯性肥胖相关性肾病(ORG)正在成为一种世界范围的“流行性”疾病.目前人们对单纯性肥胖所导致的肾损害进行了深入的研究,但是临床研究资料几乎均来自于成人,对于儿童ORG的关注程度较低,很少有关儿童ORG的研究报道.儿科医师应加强对ORG的认识,以提高诊断和治疗水平.     

肥胖儿童心率变异性分析

目的 了解肥胖儿童心率变异性的特征。方法 用Holter对62例单纯性肥胖儿童和61例非肥胖儿童连续记录24h心电信号，进行心率变异性分析。结果 肥胖儿童心率变异性的时域指标：窦性心律RR问期标准差(SDNN)和相邻窦性心律RR问期差的均方根(rMSSD)低于非肥胖儿童；频域指标：高频功率(HF)和低频功率(LF)低于非肥胖儿童，结果有统计学意义。结论 肥胖儿童心率变异性减小，迷走神经功能降低。     

肥胖儿童瘦素水平的变化及其与骨密度的关系

目的：探讨长沙市肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平的变化及与骨密度（BMD）、身体成分的关系,为预防和治疗儿童肥胖及骨质疏松提供科学依据。方法：从长沙市5所小学随机抽取119例肥胖儿童和103例正常儿童,采用双能X线骨密度仪（DEXA）进行全身扫描,测定骨密度及身体成分;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定血清瘦素水平。结果：①肥胖儿童的身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）、腰围和腰臀比均显著高于正常儿童（P<0.01）。②肥胖儿童的全身骨密度、骨矿物质含量、瘦组织含量、脂肪组织含量、体脂百分比(%BF)及血清瘦素水平均显著高于正常儿童（P<0.01）。③血清瘦素水平与儿童全身骨密度、骨矿物质含量、瘦组织含量、脂肪组织含量均呈显著正相关（r=0.528~0.903）,其中瘦素水平与脂肪组织含量呈高度正相关（男：r=0.883,女：r=0.903）。多元逐步回归分析显示,BMI及%BF是儿童血清瘦素水平的独立影响因素。结论：肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平升高,血清瘦素水平与骨密度及身体成分显著相关,BMI、%BF是儿童血清瘦素水平的独立影响因素。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（9）：745-748］     

学龄前儿童肥胖因素调查

目的通过问卷调查，找出引起小儿超重及肥胖发生的原因加以控制。方法在4所托幼机构中对于超重和肥胖的家长发放孩子生活状况调查问卷表。结果发放问卷调查表110份，收回有效问卷表69份，发现超重及肥胖的孩子与老人同居者多，且活动时间普遍较少。结论孩子的摄人大于消耗，建议增加孩子每天的活动量。     

Urinary C-peptide Excretion in Obese and Anorectic Children

ABSTRACT. To assess the total insulin secretion in children in different nutritional states we have analysed the 24 h urinary C-peptide excretion in 32 obese children (16 boys and 16 girls) 8–15 years of age as well as in 7 girls with anorexia nervosa 11–16 years of age. Obese children had a median urinary C-peptide excretion rate of 0.27 nmol/kg/24 h, which was not different from that of a group of normal-weight children. In the group of anorectic girls, on the other hand, the median value 0.47 nmol/kg/24 h was significantly ( p <0.05) higher than for normal-weight girls of the same age (median = 0.26 nmol/kg/24 h). These results indicate that in obese children insulin secretion, measured as the 24 h urinary C-peptide excretion per kg body weight, is the same as in normal-weight children. Total insulin secretion is consequently increased. In anorexia nervosa, on the other hand, the higher C-peptide excretion per kg body weight compared with normal-weight children, indicates that insulin secretion is increased in relation to body weight.     

肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平与体格发育的关系

目的分析单纯性肥胖儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素、甲状腺素水平及其与体格发育的关系。方法对筛选出来的单纯性肥胖及体质量正常儿童各41例血清瘦素、空腹胰岛素、甲状腺素进行定量测定,并进行骨龄评定和体格测量。结果肥胖组血清瘦素、胰岛素、FT3含量均显著高于对照组;两组身高无显著差异;肥胖组坐高、足长、骨龄、血压等指标显著高于体质量正常儿童。结论肥胖儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素、FT3水平较高,瘦素可能对胰岛素、甲状腺素的分泌有正向调节作用;肥胖儿童体格发育较对照组早、快;可能与其血胰岛素及FT3水平较高有直接关系,而与瘦素水平较高可能是间接关系。     

肥胖儿童血清抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗、β细胞功能的关系

目的研究不同程度肥胖儿童血清抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗(IR)、胰岛β细胞功能的关系。方法根据体质量指数(BMI)将研究对象分为正常对照组(BMI<22,n=30)、肥胖1组(23≤BMI<30,n=82)和肥胖2组(BMI≥30,n=31)。对3组患儿进行葡萄糖耐量试验,测量空腹血清抵抗素,分别采用稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMAβ)和总体胰岛素敏感指数(WBISI)、30min胰岛素增量与葡萄糖增量比值(△I30/△G30)作为基础和糖负荷后胰岛素敏感性和胰岛β细胞功能的评价指标。结果肥胖儿童糖耐量减低6例(5.3%),2型糖尿病2例(1.8%)。随BMI增加,糖负荷后2h血糖(2hPG)、血糖曲线下面积(AUCg)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCi)和HOMAIR逐步增高(P均<0.05),WBISI逐步降低(P<0.001);肥胖组HOMAβ和△I30/△G30较对照组明显上升(P均<0.05);肥胖组间无显著差异(P均>0.05);空腹血清抵抗素3组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);8例糖耐量异常儿童抵抗素较对照组略高,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。BMI与2hPG、FINS、HOMAIR、HOMAβ、△I30/△G30呈明显正相关(P均<0.05),与WBISI呈高度负相关(P<0.001),抵抗素与上述指标及BMI无明显相关(P均>0.05)。结论肥胖儿童存在IR、糖负荷后血糖水平升高和胰岛β细胞分泌功能上调,随肥胖程度加重,胰岛素敏感性进一步降低,而胰岛β细胞分泌功能无相应增强。循环抵抗素水平可能不是介导儿童肥胖及IR的关键因素,抵抗素的确切作用尚待进一步研究。     

Fasting Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in PKU Children on Two Different Levels of Protein Intake

ABSTRACT. Two groups of children with phenylketonuria were treated with different amounts of protein. One group (RDA group) received protein as recommended by the U.S. Food and Nutrition Board, the other (FAO group) the amount recommended by the FAO/WHO 1973 ad hoc Expert Committee. Two of the children in the FAO group showed a decrease in length/growth velocity which raised the question of the adequacy of the protein content in the diet. Since deviations from normal plasma amino acids have been observed in protein deficient, energy-adequate diets, we examined these parameters in the PKU children. In the two children with retardation in length/growth, very high glycine values as well as very high alanine values were observed at the end of the study. These observations strengthened our suspicion that the FAO/WHO 1973 recommendations are marginal.     

LOWE'S SYNDROME: Absence of Amino Acid Transport Defect in Cultured Fibroblasts

Transport of lysine and glycine was studied in cultured fibroblasts of a patient with Lowe's oculocerebrorenal syndrome. Although patients with this syndrome demonstrate renal and intestinal amino acid transport defects, no abnormality was found in our study.     

Plasma Levels of Orexin-A and Leptin in Obese Children

The present study was designed to determine the plasma level of orexin and its relationship with other metabolic and anthropometric markers in obese children. Forty-seven obese Japanese children, consisting of 31 boys and 16 girls, were enrolled in the study. Their ages were 10.4 ± 0.5 (mean ± s.e.m.) yr, and their percentage overweight was 42.9 ± 1.9%. Blood was drawn after an overnight fast. The age-matched control group consisted of 26 nonobese children, 13 boys and 13 girls. Plasma orexin-A concentration was higher in obese children (17.0 ± 0.4 pg/ml; p<0.001) than in the control children (13.5 ± 1.1 pg/ml). Similarly, plasma leptin concentration was higher in obese children (12.0 ± 1.0 ng/ml; p<0.001) than in the control children (5.2 ± 0.4 ng/ml). There was a highly significant positive correlation between the two parameters in the obese children (r=0.49, p<0.001). Plasma orexin-A level was correlated significantly with waist-to-hip ratio, while leptin level was correlated with percentage overweight, waist circumference and percentage body fat in the obese children. These results suggest that high plasma orexin-A level parallels the leptin level in obese children.     

单纯性肥胖患儿胰岛素抵抗与血脂的关系

目的探讨单纯性肥胖(肥胖)患儿胰岛素抵抗与血脂的关系。方法选取肥胖患儿50例为肥胖组(男23例,女27例),同期健康儿童30例为健康对照组(男14例,女16例)。对每位对象采用同一磅秤标准,测量其身高、体质量,并计算其体质量指数(BMI)。采用儿童标准血压测定法测定2组儿童血压。采用发光免疫法、快速测血糖法分别对2组儿童的血糖、血胰岛素、血脂进行检测,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)、胰岛素和葡萄糖曲线下的面积比值反映组织对胰岛素的敏感性(AUC)、肝脏组织对胰岛素的敏感性(FINS/FBG),并应用SPSS12.0软件进行统计学分析。结果与健康对照组比较,肥胖组患儿HOMA-IR、AUC、FINS/FBG均显著增高(t=3.939、6.314、3.723,Pa<0.01),空腹三酰甘油(TG)亦显著增高(t=2.573,P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HLD)、HOMA-ISI显著低于健康对照组(t=-2.982、-4.75,P<0.05、0.01)。多因素Pear-son相关分析显示,肥胖组TG与HOMA-IR、AUC、FINS/FBG呈显著正相关(r=0....