Characterizing the HER2/neu Status and Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells

Introduction  

Treatment resistance, long latency, and high recurrence rates suggest that breast cancers arise from defective breast stem cells.     

Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation in Children and Adolescents A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis

Background:   

Shoulder dislocation is rarely seen in children. Very few studies in the literature have assessed traumatic glenohumeral joint dislocation in young patients.     

Effects of combined helium pre/post‐conditioning on the brain and heart in a rat resuscitation model

Background

The noble gas helium induces cardio‐ and neuroprotection by pre‐ and post‐conditioning. We investigated the effects of helium pre‐ and post‐conditioning on the brain and heart in a rat resuscitation model.

Methods

After approval by the Animal Care Committee, 96 Wistar rats underwent cardiac arrest for 6 min induced by ventricular fibrillation. Animals received 70% helium and 30% oxygen for 5 min before cardiac arrest and for 30 min after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Control animals received 70% nitrogen and 30% oxygen. Hearts and brains were excised after 2, 4 h or 7 days. Neurological degeneration was evaluated using TUNEL and Nissl staining in the hippocampal CA‐1 sector. Cognitive function after 7 days was detected with the tape removal test. Molecular targets were measured by infrared western blot. Data are shown as median [Interquartile range].

Results

Helium treatment resulted in significantly less apoptosis (TUNEL positive cells/100 pixel 73.5 [60.3–78.6] vs.78.2 [70.4–92.9] P = 0.023). Changes in Caveolin‐3 expression in the membrane fraction and Hexokinase‐II in the mitochondrial fraction were observed in the heart. Caveolin‐1 expression of treated animals significantly differed from control animals in the membrane fraction of the heart and brain after ROSC.

Conclusion

Treatment with helium reduced apoptosis in our resuscitation model. Differential expression levels of Caveolin‐1, Caveolin‐3 and Hexokinase II in the heart were found after helium pre‐ and post‐conditioning. No beneficial effects were seen on neurofunctional outcome.     

Karriere im Gegenwind Frauen in der universit?ren Chirurgie

Ziel  

Das Ziel der Studie war eine Erfassung der Lebens-, Arbeits- und Karrierebedingungen von Ärztinnen an den chirurgischen Universitätskliniken.     

Operation of du toit/roux for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder

Objectives  

Restoration of stability and function of the shoulder.     

Effective Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer by Rapamycin and 5-FU/Oxaliplatin Monitored by TIMP-1

Aim  

The mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin has shown antitumor activity in various tumors. Bedside observations have suggested that rapamycin may be effective as a treatment for colorectal carcinomatosis.     

Impact of the Introduction of Laparoscopic Wedge Resection as a Surgical Option for Suspected Small/Medium-Sized Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach on Perioperative and Oncologic Outcomes

Background  

The present study is designed to determine the feasibility and impact of the introduction of laparoscopic wedge resection as a surgical option for the treatment of suspected small/medium-sized (<7 cm) gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).     

Pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy

Background

It has long been debated whether pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) or pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is the better choice for reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the two techniques.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PG with PJ published from January 1995 to January 2014 were searched electronically using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Published data of these RCTs were analyzed using either fixed-effects model or random-effects model.

Results

Seven RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 1121 patients (562 in PG, 559 in PJ). The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal fluid collection were significantly lower in PG than in PJ (respectively: odds ratio = 0.53 [0.37, 0.74], P < 0.001; odds ratio = 0.48 [0.30, 0.76], P < 0.01), no significant difference could be found for delayed gastric emptying, hemorrhage, morbidity, reoperation rate, and mortality.

Conclusions

The evidence from RCTs suggests that PG technique is associated with a lower rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal fluid collection than PJ.     

Simultaneous/Incidental Cholecystectomy During Gastric/Esophageal Resection: Systematic Analysis of Risks and Benefits

Background  

After esophageal/gastric resection with resulting truncal vagotomy, the incidence of gallstone formation seems to increase. The clinical relevance of gallstones and the role of simultaneous/incidental cholecystectomy in this setting are controversially discussed.     

Combined multiple surgical intervention and chemotherapy for multicentric WHO grade II glioma A long-term follow-up study

Background  

Multicentric WHO grade II gliomas constitute a rare entity. Their pathogenesis and treatment are still a matter of debate.     

Druckresistenz einer Bronchusnaht Vergleich der linearen Klammennaht vs. Handnaht in Abh?ngigkeit vom Absetzungswinkel zum Knorpelring

Fragestellung  

Untersucht wurde die maximale Druckresistenz eines bronchialen Stumpfs entweder verschlossen mit einer mechanischen Klammernaht oder einer zweireihigen, fortlaufenden Handnaht in der idealen 90°-Position parallel zum Knorpelring oder mit 45° zur Hauptbronchusachse.     

PinX1 Inhibits Telomerase Activity in Gastric Cancer Cells Through Mad1/c-Myc Pathway

Introduction  

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Mad1/c-Myc in telomerase regulation in gastric cancer cells in order to gain insight into telomerase activity and to evaluate PinX1 as a putative inhibitor of gastric cancer.     

High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts worse overall survival in patients with advanced/metastatic urothelial bladder cancer

Objectives

To study the role of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in predicting survival outcomes for patients with advanced bladder cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 150 patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer between January 2004 and June 2014. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was computed on diagnosis and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. A neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio cut‐off of 3.0 was determined, with a concordance index of 0.89. Kaplan–Meier curves, log–rank tests, Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to predict the association of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio with survival outcomes.

Results

Just five patients were alive at the end of the study; the rest died from metastatic bladder cancer. On multivariate analysis, higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, lymphadenopathy, visceral metastases and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥3.0 were associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio 1.67, P = 0.03; hazard ratio 1.97, P = <0.01; hazard ratio 2.02, P = <0.01; hazard ratio 5.06, P = <0.01), whereas chemotherapy conferred better overall survival (hazard ratio 0.546, P = 0.01). Furthermore, the role of chemotherapy prolonged survival longer in patients with a neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio <3.0 (median overall survival 13.0 vs 22.0 months, hazard ratio 0.273, P = 0.008) compared with a neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥3.0 (median overall survival 4.0 vs 7.0 months, hazard ratio 0.452, P = 0.020). More importantly, when dichotomized to the four different pre‐ and post‐chemotherapy groups, patients with a pre‐ and post‐chemotherapy neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio <3.0 had the best additional median overall survival of 19.0 months compared with patients with a pre‐ and post‐chemotherapy neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥3.0 (3.0 months).

Conclusions

Elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is independently associated with poorer chemotherapeutic response and overall survival in patients with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio can be an inexpensive novel factor in prognosticating disease progression and providing better patient counseling.     

Non-discussed Poster Presentations,ICS/IUGA 2010

Introduction and hypothesis  

This study seeks to analyze the medium- to long-term outcome of transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery using the Prolift™ system for pelvic organ prolapse.     

Influence of timing and oral anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy on outcomes of patients affected by hip fractures

Background  

Patients undergoing surgical procedures are usually asked to discontinue any anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy and delay surgery for at least 5 days to reduce the risk of major bleeding and spinal hematoma.     

The IUGA/ICS classification of complications of prosthesis and graft insertion

Introduction and hypothesis  

This is a presentation of case series after the use of alloplasic material in urogynaecology.     

Early Active Mobilization Versus Cast Immobilization in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures A Prospective Analysis of Early Functional Recovery

Purpose:  

A prospective trial was undertaken to assess if early postoperative mobilization improved functional outcome compared to traditional cast immobilization following open reduction and internal fixation of Weber “B” ankle fractures.     

Long-term outcome of transurethral injection of hyaluronic acid/dextranomer (NASHA/Dx gel) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

Introduction and hypothesis  

To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of transurethral injection of NASHA/Dx gel in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI).     

Videothoracoscopic approach to recurrence primary spontaneous pneumothorax: using of electrocoagulation in small bulla/blebs

Objective  

To evaluate the effectiveness of electrocoagulation of bullae/blebs and apical pleurectomy via videothoracoscopic approach.     

Effect of Verapamil and Lidocaine on TRPM and NaV1.9 Gene Expressions in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background

To determine effects on calcium and sodium channels of Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ channel blockers in the present study, expression levels of TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8, and NaV1.9 genes were evaluated in kidney tissues after induced ischemia-reperfusion.

Material and methods

Forty albino Wistar male rats were equally divided into 4 groups as follows: group I: control group (n = 10), group II: ischemia group (60 minutes of ischemia + 48 hours of reperfusion; n = 10), group III: ischemia (60 minutes of ischemia + 48 hours of reperfusion) + calcium channel blocker (n = 8), group IV: ischemia (60 minutes of ischemia + 48 hours of reperfusion) + sodium channel blocker (n = 8).

Results

When compared to ischemia group expression levels of TRPM2, TRPM4, TRPM6, and NaV1.9 in Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ channel blocker groups were increased, whereas that of TRPM7 was decreased. However, expression levels of TRPM1, TRPM3, TRPM5, and TRPM8 were not determined in kidney tissue. Histologically, the Ca²⁺ channel blocker verapamil and the Na⁺ channel blocker lidocaine inhibited the cell death in kidney tissue compared to control.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that verapamil and lidocaine significantly reduce the degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury due to effects to TRPM and Nav1.9 genes.