血清缺糖基转铁蛋白在酒精性肝病诊断中的价值

目的 对酒精性肝病（ALD）患者血清中缺糖基转铁蛋白（CDT）含量展开分析,探讨血清缺糖基转铁蛋白在酒精性肝病诊断中的价值。方法 本次研究随机选取2010年5月—2013年5月期间接收诊治的50例酒精性肝病患者作为观察组,同期入院的50例健康不饮酒体检人员和50例非酒精性肝病（NALD）的其他肝病患者为作对照组,所有受检者接收缺糖基转铁蛋白（CDT）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GGT）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）等肝功能实验室指标检测,分析在不同肝病类型中血清缺糖基转铁蛋白的变化情况。结果 观察组CDT、γ-GGT以及ALT含量显著高于健康不饮酒组（P〈0．05）。对照组中,健康不饮酒组与非酒精性肝病组相比,γ-GGT、ALT、AST含量比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。观察组CDT、γ-GGT、MCV、ALT、AST阳性率显著高于健康不饮酒组（均P〈0．05）。对照组中,健康不饮酒组与非酒精性肝病组相比,γ-GGT、MCV、ALT、AST阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论 血清缺糖基转铁蛋白在酒精性肝病诊断中,具有较高特异性、灵敏性,是值得临床推广的检测指标。     

唾液酸/载脂蛋白J指数在酒精滥用监测中的应用

酒精滥用是一个世界各国都极为关注的社会公共卫生问题.2002年世界卫生组织报告,酒精滥用引起180万人死亡,相当于全球疾病负荷的4%;酒精估计引起全球20%-30%的食道癌、肝癌、癫痫、摩托车事故和凶杀及其他有意损伤[1].2002年中国人均商业酒产量较1952年增长了近50倍;酒精依赖现象同时也显著增加,并从精神疾病中的第9位上升到第3位[2].     

缺糖基转铁蛋白与天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶线粒体同工酶在酒精性肝病中的临床应用

目的探讨缺糖基转铁蛋白(CDT)与天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶线粒体同工酶(m-AST)在酒精性肝病中的应用价值。方法选取60例酒精性肝病患者作为酒精组,60例非酒精性肝病患者作为非酒精组;并选择同期60例体检健康者作为对照组。采集所有受检者治疗前或体检当天的空腹静脉血,以及酒精组患者治疗4周后的空腹静脉血,分别检测CDT、m-AST水平。比较三组患者血清缺糖基转铁蛋白百分比(%CDT)与m-AST水平;分析酒精性肝病患者CDT与m-AST联合检测的敏感性和特异性;比较不同类型酒精性肝病患者治疗前后血清%CDT与m-AST水平。结果酒精组患者的%CDT与m-AST水平均明显高于非酒精组、对照组,非酒精组患者的%CDT与m-AST水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CDT检测的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积为0.808,敏感性为81.67%,特异性为83.33%;m-AST检测的ROC曲线下面积为0.764,敏感性为91.67%,特异性为63.33%;CDT与m-AST联合检测的ROC曲线下面积为0.875,敏感性为93.33%,特异性为76.67%。治疗后,酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝硬化患者血清%CDT与m-AST水平均较治疗前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CDT及m-AST联合检测可提高诊断酒精性肝病的敏感性,且对疾病的治疗具有一定的临床价值。     

转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体在肿瘤主动靶向治疗中的应用

转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体介导的给药系统可以提高肿瘤细胞对药物的摄取量,降低药物毒性,提高药物的主动靶向性.该文综述了转铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体的特点,转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体介导的纳米给药系统的分类,转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体在肿瘤疾病靶向治疗中的应用,并指出了当前转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体及其介导的纳米给药系统在肿瘤治疗上的不足与发展前景.     

转铁蛋白在蛋白多肽药物口服给药中的应用

转铁蛋白作为一种药物载体,在蛋白多肽药物的口服给药领域有着美好前景。以转铁蛋白作为药物载体,可以使蛋白肽类药物在肠道吸收;对转铁蛋白进行适当的修饰,可以提高其递送效率。本文概述了近年来转铁蛋白在蛋白多肽药物口服给药中的作用及有关转运机制的研究进展。     

毛细管电泳及其在滥用物质检测中的应用

毛细管电泳 (ｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｓｉｓ ,ＣＥ)是２０世纪８０年代出现的一种灵敏度高、应用范围广的分离技术 ,被广泛应用于化学、医学、生化和药理学等各个领域。现以“ＣＥ”为主题词在“分析化学文摘”数据库查到的引文量超过４０００篇 ,用同样的主题词和Ａｌｔａｖｉｓｔａ搜索引擎 ,可在网络上查到２０００余篇文献［１］ 。ＣＥ的原理是基于Ｔｉｓｅｌｉｕｓ［２］的电泳理论 ,但在此基础上加快了分离速度 ,扩宽了分离物的范围 ,节省了试剂和分离液。Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇｅｒ等［３］在２０世纪９０年代首先将…     

粪隐血试验和转铁蛋白试验在消化道出血中的应用

消化道出血是临床常见症状之一,可以分为上消化道出血和下消化道出血。已知上消化道出血是指屈氏韧带以上的出血,出血量少时肉眼常难以发现,常规粪隐血试验可协助临床医师发现消化道小量出血,从而明确消化道出血原因。但是,由于粪隐血试验的假阴性率较高,致使一部分消化道出血被漏检。消化道出血时,血中的转铁蛋白会漏入到胃肠道,并且随     

C反应蛋白与血清转铁蛋白在黄疸患儿中的表达水平与临床意义

目的:分析C反应蛋白与血清转铁蛋白在黄疸患儿中的表达水平与临床意义。方法:筛选2015年1月~2016年6月于某院进行治疗的96例新生儿黄疸患儿,按照总胆红素水平进行分组,轻度组32例,重度组32例,中度组32例,并且选择32例正常新生儿作为参照组,将C反应蛋白、血清转铁蛋白进行比对。结果:轻度组、中度组、重度组血清转铁蛋白明显低于参照组,轻度组、中度组、重度组C反应蛋白明显高于参考组(P0.05)。结论:感染因素会导致黄疸患儿的C反应蛋白升高,血清转铁蛋白降低,C反应蛋白与血清转铁蛋白能够鉴别黄疸病因。     

营养风险筛查在酒精性肝炎患者中的应用

营养支持对于慢性肝病患者的长期治疗与恢复非常必要,不仅能满足能量的需求,改善患者的营养状态,增强机体的免疫功能,而且可以改善肝脏的代谢功能,促进损伤的肝细胞修复和再生,有助于慢性肝病病情的好转[1]。营养风险筛查     

可卡因及其滥用

<正> 古柯属植物古柯灌木已经在南美安第斯山附近的玻利维亚、秘鲁和哥伦比亚种植了至少有1200年。这种植物在历史上对印加宗教文化的发展起过重要作用,当时的特权阶层控制着它的使用和分发。古柯植物的叶子含有约0.6—1.8％的可卡因,人们一般在举行宗教仪式时便咀嚼古柯叶。古柯叶也被分发给士兵以增强耐力;发给演说家以增加精力。约在1860年人们从古柯叶中提取出可卡因生物硷。到1884年,S.弗洛伊德开始对他本人和病人进行可卡因实验,他被这种药强烈地吸引住,不久便变成了该药的鼓吹者,提倡用可卡因治疗各种病症,例如用可卡因治疗酒精和吗啡成瘾、气喘、消化不良、抑郁、上呼吸道感染,并作为春药激发性欲。他注意到可卡因具有兴奋性和减轻疲劳从而增加身体耐力的能力。在一组文章——可卡     

免疫学分析法在检测滥用药物中的应用

目前,滥用药物的检测方法主要有:化学检测法、光谱法、色谱法和免疫法.化学法灵敏度低,样品需要量大;光谱法仪器简单,测定快速,但易受体内代谢物质的干扰,选择性差;色谱法测定准确,但提取过程复杂,需要有经验的技术人员;免疫法可直接测定生物样品,需样量少,操作简便,灵敏度高,特异性强,是国际上通用的筛选方法.     

Chronic Cerebral Effects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

A minority of alcohol abusers develop severe cerebral dysfunction in the form of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. There is also evidence to suggest that cerebral dysfunction, particularly impaired abstracting ability, occurs in that larger population of heavy drinkers who do not go on to develop the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. There is no consistent evidence that long-term marijuana, hallucinogen, or sedative use causes lasting neuropsychological disturbance. The deficits in abstract thinking reported by some LSD studies are similar to deficits others have reported among alcoholics. Since the LSD studies were not controlled for alcohol use, their interpretation is difficult. It appears that cerebrovascular accidents occur more frequently and at a younger age among amphetamine abusers. There is no reliable information about possible other long-term effects of stimulants on the brain per se (i.e., nonvascular complications). Abuse of intravenous narcotics has been associated with case reports of transverse myelitis and encephalitis. It is not known whether this pathology is a direct or hypersensitivity effect of narcotic drugs, of adulterants, or of infection.     

Race/Ethnic Differences in Alcohol Abuse Among Youth

ABSTRACT

Objective: Black and Hispanic youth are less likely to abuse alcohol than White youth. However, the reasons for these race/ ethnic differences in alcohol abuse are unclear. The present study explores whether the variations can be explained, in part, by racial/ethnic differences in attitudes toward risk.

Method: The National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, 2001 (n = 32,798) is used to explore race/ethnic differences in risk-taking attitudes and whether these attitudes serve to mediate race/ethnic differences in heavy drinking and drinking and driving.

Results: Bivariate analyses reveal that Black and Hispanic youth have lower rates of alcohol abuse and a lower propensity for risk-taking than White youth. Logistic regressions reveal that the differences in risk-taking explain (but do not completely account for) observed differences in alcohol abuse. These findings are present for both males and females. Results more generally reveal that social and economic ad vantages are associated with risk-taking attitudes and thus indirectly contribute to alcohol abuse.

Conclusions: Researchers have long been surprised that minority youth exhibit lower rates of alcohol abuse than White youth since socioeconomic disadvantage often contributes to substance abuse. However, the present study suggests that social and economic disadvantages might also suppress risk-taking propensities, which in turn may reduce the incidence of alcohol abuse. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which social and cultural resources affect attitudes toward risk.     

Patterns of Alcohol Abuse Among Black and White Alcoholics

The drinking practices of a matched sample of 78 Black and 78 White, male, hospitalized alcoholics were compared. The groups were matched on age and educational level; and they were equivalent in terms of marital and employment status, number of times hospitalized for treatment of alcoholism and other neuropsychiatric disorders, and number of arrests. The Alcohol Use Inventory was used to assess drinking practices. Significant multivariate and univariate analysis of variance indicated that (a) Whites reported greater daily consumption of alcohol, a tendency to perceive alcohol as a means of relieving psychological distress, and a greater level of psychological distress as a consequence of alcohol abuse than Blacks; and (b) Blacks reported a tendency to perceive alcohol as a means to improve mental functioning and to experience more serious psychoperceptual withdrawal symptoms than Whites.     

Isopropyl Alcohol Swabs as a Preferred Substance of Abuse

The authors describe the treatment of a 36-year-old woman who presented with excessive consumption of antiseptic alcohol swabs. Her behavior was diagnosed as a severe substance use disorder with isopropyl alcohol as the primary drug of choice. Diagnostic and treatment challenges involved in the case are discussed in detail, with particular focus on the differential diagnosis for this unusual presentation, including obsessive compulsive disorder, pica, and intentional self-injurious behavior. A brief review of the literature on non-ethanol ingestion for the purposes of intoxication is included, as well as clinical information about the potential dangers posed by isopropyl alcohol consumption.     

Circulating Cytokines as Biomarkers of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

There are currently no consistent objective biochemical markers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Development of reliable diagnostic biomarkers that permit accurate assessment of alcohol intake and patterns of drinking is of prime importance to treatment and research fields. Diagnostic biomarker development in other diseases has demonstrated the utility of both open, systems biology, screening for biomarkers and more rational focused efforts on specific biomolecules or families of biomolecules. Long-term alcohol consumption leads to altered inflammatory cell and adaptive immune responses with associated pathologies and increased incidence of infections. This has led researchers to focus attention on identifying cytokine biomarkers in models of alcohol abuse. Alcohol is known to alter cytokine levels in plasma and a variety of tissues including lung, liver, and very importantly brain. A number of cytokine biomarker candidates have been identified, including: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. This is an emerging and potentially exciting avenue of research in that circulating cytokines may contribute to diagnostic biomarker panels, and a combination of multiple biomarkers may significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of the biochemical tests aiding reliable and accurate detection of excessive alcohol intake.