海洛因依赖者血清中IL-9、IL-17水平的研究

目的:通过检测IL-9、IL-17在海洛因依赖者血清中水平的变化,为进一步认识海洛因对机体免疫功能的影响提供依据。方法:93例海洛因依赖者按吸食海洛因时间长短分为三组(2年以内、5~10年、10年以上),31例正常人血清作为对照组,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组血清IL-9、IL-17水平。结果:2年以内组和5~10年组海洛因依赖者血清IL-9较正常对照升高(P<0.05)、各组IL-17水平较正常对照组降低(P<0.05);从2年以内组到5~10年组到10年以上组,IL-9水平先升高后降低[(334.92±144.41)pg/ml、(353.47±176.93)pg/ml、(287.38±129.94 pg/ml)],IL-17水平先降低后相对升高[(53.38±26.08)pg/ml、(45.87±16.81)pg/ml、(68.18±39.26)pg/ml)]。结论:IL-9、IL-17在海洛因依赖者血清中水平改变明显,吸食海洛因可刺激IL-9水平升高而抑制机体IL-17的水平表达。     

海洛因依赖者血清中TGF-β1水平的研究

通过检测TGF-β1在海洛因依赖者血清中水平的变化,为进一步认识海洛因对机体免疫功能的影响提供依据。将99例海洛因依赖者按吸食海洛因时间长短均分为三组(2年以内、5~10年、10年以上),33例正常人血清作为对照组,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组血清TGF-β1水平。结果显示,各组海洛因依赖者血清TGF-β1较正常对照组降低(P<0.05);从2年以内组到5~10年组到10年以上组,TGF-β1水平逐渐降低(99.92±38.35 pg/ml、91.72±67.78pg/ml、53.51±27.32 pg/ml)。TGF-β1在海洛因依赖者血清中水平改变明显,吸食海洛因可抑制机体TGF-β1的水平表达。     

安脑片对aGVHD小鼠Th1/Th2细胞的调节作用

目的:观察中药安脑片对aGVHD小鼠的Th1/Th2细胞的调节作用。方法:清洁级BALB/c雄性小鼠作为供鼠,以清洁级C57BL/6雌性小鼠为受鼠,建立aGVHD模型;C57BL/6小鼠在移植前进行60Co全身照射,剂量为9.0 Gy,照射后4小时内尾静脉输注BALB/c雄性小鼠的骨髓细胞8×107个/只+脾细胞8×107个/只。造模成功后,随机分为安脑片组和空白组。移植后第30天杀鼠取材,取眶静脉血并制备肝脏标本,ELISA法检测小鼠血清IFN-γ及IL-10水平,免疫组化法检测肝脏组织IFN-γ及IL-10的阳性表达。结果:安脑片组小鼠血清IFN-γ的表达治疗前为(9.67±0.88)pg/ml,治疗后降至(4.81±0.87)pg/ml,IL-10的表达在治疗前为(3.81±0.55)pg/ml,治疗后升至(8.16±0.92)pg/ml。免疫组化的结果也显示小鼠肝脏组织IFN-γ及IL-10的表达改善明显,治疗后小鼠IFN-γ的表达评分降为1.27±0.46,IL-10的表达评分升至3.73±0.46,与治疗前相比差异显著(P=0.000)。结论:安脑片可有效改善小鼠aGVHD效应并调节Th1/Th2细胞因子的平衡。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者Th1/Th2的细胞因子水平及临床意义

目的:检测特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者外周血Th1(IL-2、IFN-γ)及Th2(IL-4、IL-10)细胞因子的变化,探讨ITP患者发病与Thl/Th2优势活化状态之间的关系.方法:通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测30例ITP患者治疗前、治疗后及26例健康志愿者外周血清中IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10水平.结果:ITP患者治疗前IFN-γ及IL-2因子水平高于治疗后和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而IL-4及IL-10因子治疗前水平低于治疗后和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:Thl型细胞因子介导的免疫应答在ITP的发病机制中占主导地位,糖皮质激素治疗可调整Th1/Th2细胞因子的偏移状态.     

溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌大鼠Th1/Th2漂移与微血管密度的关系

为探讨溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌(ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer,UC-CRC)大鼠Th1/Th2漂移与微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)的关系,建立UC-CRC大鼠模型,于第14、16、18周分批处死,观察各组结肠组织病理学变化情况,并比较血清、结肠组织中Th2细胞因子IL-4、Th1细胞因子IFN-γ水平及结肠组织中CD4~+IL-4~+占比、CD4~+IFN-γ~+占比、CD4~+IFN-γ~+/CD4~+IL-4~+、MVD,分析MVD与IFN-γ、IL-4、IFN-γ/IL-4的相关性。结果显示,模型组大鼠建模后状态逐渐变差,持续2周后好转;模型组结肠细胞有明显的病理学变化;与对照组比较,模型组各时刻血清和组织中IL-4水平、CD4~+IL-4~+占比、MVD较高,IFN-γ水平、CD4~+IFN-γ~+占比、IFN-γ/IL-4、CD4~+IFN-γ~+/CD4~+IL-4~+较低(P0.05);模型组血清和组织中IL-4水平、CD4~+IL-4~+占比、MVD均随时间的延长呈升高趋势(P0.05),IFN-γ水平、CD4~+IFN-γ~+占比、IFN-γ/IL-4、CD4~+IFN-γ~+/CD4~+IL-4~+均随时间的延长呈下降趋势(P0.05),而对照组上述指标变化均不显著(P 0.05);不同时刻MVD与血清及组织中IL-4水平呈正相关(P0.05),与IFN-γ水平、IFN-γ/IL-4均呈负相关(P0.05)。提示UC-CRC大鼠Th1/Th2平衡向Th2漂移,MVD与Th2细胞因子呈正相关,与Th1细胞因子呈负相关,MVD与Th1/Th2漂移关系密切。     

恶性淋巴瘤患者TH 1/TH 2细胞因子表达水平的研究

目的 探讨恶性淋巴瘤患者血清中TH1/TH2细胞因子变化及其临床意义,为肿瘤的免疫治疗提供实验依据.方法 用流式细胞小球微阵列术(cytometric bead array,CBA)检测92例恶性淋巴瘤患者及70例健康人群血清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α仪(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10)表达水平.结果 92例恶性淋巴瘤患者血清中TH1型细胞因子的水平分别为:IFN-γ(34.26±33.4g)pg/ml、TNF-α(8.17±10.09)pg/ml、IL-2(3.74 4±1.72)pg/ml;TH2型细胞因子的水平分别为:IL-10(6.28±8.56)pg/ml、IL-5(3.53±3.20)pg/ml、IL-4(6.22±7.13)pg/ml.除TNF-α表达水平降低外,其余5项均明显高于健康体检组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).TH1细胞因子IL-2与TH2细胞因子IL-4的比值明显下降(0.78±O.44),与健康体检组(1.09±0.45)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).IL-10与疾病的进展相关,Ⅲ/Ⅳ期恶性淋巴瘤患者的表达水平为(9.58±13.96)pg/ml,Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的表达水平为(4.77±3.50)pg/ml,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).IFN-γ在大于60岁的恶性淋巴瘤患者中表达水平明显降低,与其他年龄段恶性淋巴瘤患者比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).结论 恶性淋巴瘤患者血清中TH1/TH2细胞因子平衡失调,检测TH1/TH2细胞因子可作为评价淋巴瘤临床进展及预后指标.TH1/TH2平衡向TH2方向漂移,这可能是肿瘤细胞发生免疫逃逸,从而导致肿瘤的发生或者转移的原因之一.     

腹泻型肠易激综合征患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡表达的分析

目的:分析腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS)患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡表达。方法:连续选择近期就诊的腹泻型IBS患者27例,对照组为31例同龄、同性别的同期健康体检者。两组对象接受了外周血Th相关细胞因子γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)检测,并计算IFN-γ/IL-4比值。结果:腹泻型IBS组外周血IFN-γ浓度及IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明显高于对照组,而血清IL-4浓度则显著低于后者(P均<0.05～0.01)。结论:腹泻型IBS患者存在明确Th1优势失衡表达。     

IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-17A在肝癌组织中表达及其与乙肝病毒感染的关系

目的:研究Th17(IL-17A)在肝细胞癌发生发展中的作用,尤其与乙肝病毒感染的关系。方法:收集39例原发性肝细胞癌患者的癌与非癌组织,应用流式细胞微球阵列术(CBA)检测IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-17A细胞因子水平,并与患者临床资料进行统计比较分析。结果:肝癌组织中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ表达水平好[分别为(4.61±0.28)、(3.37±0.58)、(3.08±1.08)pg/ml]显著低于非癌组织[分别为(5.57±0.59)、(3.77±0.70)、(3.69±1.20)pg/ml],而IL-6、IL-17A水平[分别为(280.09±254.68)、(2.66±1.66)pg/ml]显著高于非癌组织[分别为(6.58±1.92)、(1.49±0.98)pg/ml],同时无论癌组织还是非癌组织,高乙肝病毒载量(>1 000 U/ml)的组织IL-17A的表达[(3.45±1.86)pg/ml]显著高于低病毒载量(<1 000U/ml)的组织[(1.97±1.16)pg/ml]。结论:Th17细胞分泌的细胞因子IL-17A在肝癌组织中高表达,IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ可能抑制其表达,而IL-6可能促进其表达;乙肝病毒感染有可能促进Th17的表达,从而降低患者的预后。     

棘球蚴病患者血清中可溶性Tim3/Galectin9的变化

目的研究棘球蚴病患者血清中可溶性Tim3(sTim3)和Galectin9及Th1(IFN-γ)和Th2(IL-4)细胞因子水平变化在棘球蚴病感染过程中的相关作用。方法通过酶联免疫吸附试验ELISA法检测sTim3/Galectin9的表达水平;采用CBA法检测棘球蚴病患者血清中Th1/Th2细胞因子的分泌水平。结果棘球蚴病患者血清中sTim3的水平升高[(310.927±80.750)pg/ml,P=0.001],Galectin9水平升高[(1.690±1.118)ng/ml,P=0.009],且sTim3和Galectin9表达呈正相关(r=0.29,P=0.04),Th2相关细胞因子IL-4的水平升高(P=0.000),而Th1相关细胞因子IFN-γ水平下降(P=0.000),sTim3与IFN-γ呈负相关关系(r=-0.46,P=0.001)。结论在棘球蚴病感染过程中sTim3和Galectin9水平明显增高,可能有助于棘球蚴发生发展,并在其感染过程中起一定作用。     

白细胞介素12对耐药结核大鼠模型的影响

目的观察、评价白细胞介素12(IL-12)对耐药结核大鼠模型的脏器菌落变化和细胞因子水平的影响。方法将60只SD雌性大鼠经尾静脉感染结核分枝杆菌耐利福平株,每只10~6 CFU,制成耐药结核大鼠模型,随机分为对照组和IL-12组,每组30只。给予PBS或IL-12治疗7 d,ELISA法检测血清IFN-γ水平、流式细胞术行T细胞亚群检测和平板计数法测定器官菌落计数,观察治疗后生存率。结果 IL-12组大鼠1只死亡,肺、肝、脾菌落数分别为(254±98)×10~5、(5±2)×10~5和(16±4)×10~5 CFU/ml,IFN-γ(1125±378)pg/ml;PBS组10只死亡,肺、肝、脾菌落数分别为(682±304)×10~5、(28±17)×10~5和(108±35)×10~5 CFU/ml,IFN-γ(532±198)pg/ml,两组比较差异有显著性。淋巴细胞亚群测定显示IL-12促进Th1细胞反应,改变了Th1/Th2平衡,两组比较差异有显著性。结论 IL-12诱导IFN-γ产生,促进Th1细胞反应,改变了Th1/Th2平衡,对结核分枝杆菌感染大鼠产生保护效应。     

The Th1/Th2 paradigm

The Th1/Th2 paradigm provides a useful model for understanding the pathogenesis of several diseases, as well as for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, Sergio Romagnani examines Th1/Th2 polarization in the context of associated pathophysiological conditions.     

Th1/Th2 balance in infection

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are of critical importance for the outcome of many infectious diseases. Producing the right set of Cyokines in response to an infectious agent can be a matter of life or death. The Th1/Th2 dichotomy, although an oversimplification has proven useful in the analysis of immune responses to infections. In some infectious diseases, most notably leishmaniasis or infections with gastrointestinal helminths, one Th subset is indispensable for clearing the infection, whereas the opposite Th subset is detrimental. More frequently, both Th1 and Th2 responses are required at different time points to effectively eradicate an infectious agent. The granuloma responses to eitherMycobacterium tuberculosis orSchistosoma mansoni provide illustrative examples and are discussed in this review. There is accumulating evidence for frequent coexpression of Th1 and Th2 Cyokines during the in vivo immune response to infections. The mechanisms by which infectious agents modulate Th1/Th2 phenotype development are summarized here. Finally, we review here the current evidence for cytokine imbalances induced by infections as pathogenic or protective factors in autoimmunity and allergy.     

Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the balance between Th1 cytokines and Th2 cytokines plays a role in modulation of cellular responses in the brain during psychological stress and psychiatric disorders. The Th3 cytokine, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), has been shown to regulate the balance between Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines. However, the role of TGF-beta1 in the psychoimmunology of depression has never been explored. METHODS: A total of 40 depressed patients and 80 normal controls were recruited. The plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TGF-beta1 were studied at the time of admission and 8 weeks after antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who showed immunoreactivity to IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the plasma, and the plasma IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio, were significantly higher in depressed patients than in controls. The IFN-gamma/TGF-beta1 ratio was also higher in depressed patients, and TGF-beta1 levels showed a significant negative correlation with the HDRS depression scale. After treatment, TGF-beta1 level increased significantly, and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio decreased significantly, in the patient group. However, Th1 changes in male and female showed different trend such as Th1 arm was decreased after the treatment in all male, whereas it was increased in premenopausal age women. LIMITATIONS: Replication and extension using a larger sample size are required. CONCLUSIONS: The Th1 and Th2 cytokine imbalance was observed in subpopulation of depressed patients. TGF-beta1 seemed to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression in this population. Moreover, antidepressant treatment was found to affect the Th1/Th2 balance through the action of TGF-beta1.     

Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations

Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-y-producIng(Th1) and IL-4-produclng (Th1) cells from CD4 T lymphocytesexpressing a transgenlc TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 arethe most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cellsto effector populations. When combinations of cytokines arepresent during T cell priming, the effect of IL-4 Is dominant.Furthermore, differentiated Th1 cells can be converted intoIL-4 producers by exposure to IL-4, but the Th2 phenotype Isnot reversible. The stability of Th2 populations may limit theability to regulate Th2-domlnant responses In pathologic situations.     

Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子与糖尿病肾病相关性的研究

糖尿病肾病(diabetic Nephropathy,DN)是导致终末期肾脏病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)的最主要病因,因此,早期诊断和治疗是糖尿病肾病的诊治要点。但目前糖尿病肾病的确切发病机制尚未完全明确,糖尿病肾病的发生发展与血流动力学改变和代谢的紊乱、氧化应激和炎症等多种因素有关,而细胞因子在2型糖尿病及其相关肾脏并发症的病因、发病机制中也起着重要的作用,各种细胞因子的识别将为糖尿病肾病的诊治提供新的潜在治疗靶点。文章就Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子与DN相关性的研究作了综述。