15例隐源性机化性肺炎HRCT特征分析及临床治疗

目的探讨隐源性机化性肺炎(COP)的HRCT特征、病理、临床表现及治疗,提高COP的影像学认识水平及临床治疗。方法回顾性分析15例病理诊断COP患者的HRCT表现、病理、临床及实验室检查,并复习相关文献。结果肺功能检查示12例有限制性肺通气功能障碍,其中9例伴弥散功能下降;1例轻度阻塞性肺通气功能障碍;2例未见异常。实验室检查,13例白细胞增加,9例C-反应蛋白阳性,8例红细胞沉降率加快。HRCT斑片状实变影11例,磨玻璃影10例,不规则线状影7例,反晕征1例,细支气管扩张6例,胸腔积液2例。结论COP典型表现为两肺下部胸膜下,沿支气管血管束分布的斑片状实变影,且具有游走性。影像学表现结合临床及实验室检查可提示COP诊断。早期行糖皮质激素治疗效果明显。     

2例感染后机化性肺炎病例报道并文献复习

目的对感染后继发的机化性肺炎患者的临床资料进行分析,探讨其临床特点及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我科收治的感染后机化性肺炎患者2例,将其病例情况进行分析并对感染后机化性肺炎的文献复习。结果感染机化性肺炎患者主要表现为发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难等不适。针对此2例患者实施经皮肺穿刺活检确诊为,机化性肺炎,实施抗感染治疗后临床表现明显好转,炎症指标正常,只有肺部CT较前进展,未用激素治疗,跟踪随访1-3月,肺部CT肺内阴影完全吸收。结论对于机化性肺炎患者使用经皮肺活检确诊后,如考虑感染所致,根据患者的情况可单纯抗感染治疗并跟踪随访,是否加激素需进一步临床研究。     

胺碘酮致弥漫性间质性肺炎1例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨胺碘酮致弥漫性间质性肺炎的临床特点和诊断治疗.方法 回顾性分析1例胺碘酮致弥漫性间质性肺炎的临床表现、影像特点、治疗及预后.结果 本例老年男性患者,不规律使用胺碘酮治疗1年后出现咳嗽、咳血,伴气短、发热,呼吸困难,肺部爆裂音.胸部CT示:双肺片状浸润影、磨玻璃样变、弥漫索条及网格状.病程急剧发展,出现Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭、呼吸停止,经对症处理给予机械通气、激素、抗生素并停用胺碘酮等治疗后,临床症状消失,胸部CT影像学改变基本吸收.结论 胺碘酮致弥漫性间质性肺炎的诊断应根据病史、结合临床及影像学表现,治疗中应及时停用胺碘酮,对于急危重症患者给予激素及机械通气是治疗成功的关键.     

肉芽肿性乳腺炎的诊断和治疗

目的:探讨肉芽肿性乳腺炎的诊断及治疗手段,降低复发率。方法:将齐齐哈尔医学院附属第三医院2007年1月～2010年12月经手术治疗且病理证实为肉芽肿性乳腺炎的10例患者的临床资料进行总结,并对不同地区患者的临床表现进行回顾性分析;所有患者均行乳腺彩超、乳腺X线、外科体检检查,对各项检查结果及治疗结果进行归纳。结果:10例患者均行手术治疗,其中6例术后应用激素及抗生素治疗,无局部复发;未应用激素治疗的4例患者中,2例术后出现局部复发,1例复发后应用激素治疗,病情得到缓解,1例再次手术治疗,术后至今未复发。结论:抗生素联合激素在术后使用,可降低肉芽肿性乳腺炎的复发率。     

Tolosa—Hunt综合征16例临床分析

目的 探讨Tolosa-Hunt 综合征（THS）的病因、临床表现、影像学特征、治疗及预后,进一步加深对这种疾病的认识,从而提高该病的诊治水平.方法 对16例THS患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,并结合文献进行分析.结果 16例患者多为急性或亚急性起病,均以头痛伴颅神经损害体征为主,多数为Ⅲ﹑Ⅳ﹑Ⅵ颅神经同时受损;影像学检查6例显示海绵窦区病变,早期激素联合抗生素治疗效果明显.结论 THS的病因为海绵窦区非特异性炎症可能性大,相关的影像学检查对诊断有一定的价值,确诊有赖于病理检查,激素治疗需个体化.     

肾错构瘤出血的诊断和治疗(附18例报告)

目的 探讨肾错构瘤出血的诊断和治疗方法.方法 2000年6月至2007年12月收治肾错构瘤出血18例患者,经超声、CT等影像学检查后,行开放性手术15例,保守治疗3例.结果 3例患者经保守治疗后出血不再继续,病情趋于稳定.所有手术均顺利完成,无术中大出血及死亡病例.术后病理诊断均为肾错构瘤,无恶变.18例患者均获随诊,随诊时间3个月至5年,随诊时进行超声、CT及IVU检查.行肿瘤剜除术6例患者无肿瘤复发,无继发出血,无尿瘘,IVU提示手术侧肾功能良好.行患肾切除术9例患者对侧肾功能良好.3例保守治疗患者,血肿吸收良好,肿瘤无明显变化.结论 肾错构瘤出血的诊断应结合临床,全面综合分析,超声和CT等影像学检查方法是肾错构瘤出血确诊的主要方法.其治疗方法包括保守治疗、选择性肾动脉栓塞术、肿瘤剜除术或肾部分切除术,出血严重、对侧肾功能正常者,可行患肾切除术.     

640层螺旋CT诊断局灶性肺炎的价值

目的:探讨局灶性肺炎的640层螺旋CT表现.方法:回顾性分析了28例经病理证实的局灶性肺炎的CT表现,所有病例胸片均拟诊为周围型肺癌.结果:28例病灶均位于肺野周边部,病变以宽基底与胸膜相连18例,病变边缘呈锯齿状或有粗长毛刺22例,具有周围血管充血聚拢18例,周围存在卫星病灶10例,有胸膜凹陷征8例,6例发现空气支气管征.结论:MSCT检查对局灶性肺炎的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞对大咯血的治疗应用研究

目的 观察选择性支气管动脉栓塞对大咯血患者的临床疗效.方法 选择因大咯血住院患者38例,其中反复咯血31例,支气管扩张27例,支气管肺囊肿4例,不明原因4例,肺结核3例.均经胸部影像学检查或纤维支气管镜、支气管动脉造影明确诊断,且均行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗.结果 患者栓塞次数最多3次,支气管动脉造影均表现为血管畸形,给予选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗,35例出血立即减少.8例患者治疗后24h再次复发咯血,其中1例患者经保守治疗无效后行右上肺切除术,5例患者经保守治疗后有效,2例患者经保守治疗后无效行再栓塞治疗,1周内咯血完全消失,总有效率97.4％( 37/38).随访1年,再次复发大咯血13例,11例每次咯血及年总咯血量较治疗前减少50％以上,2例再咯血患者经多次栓塞剂栓塞保守治疗无效后行右上肺切除术,总有效率94.7％(36/38).治疗后3例短时间内轻微胸痛,2例肩痛,3例伴胸闷,3例腹股沟皮下淤血,对症处理后短期内好转. 结论 选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗急性或反复发生的大咯血疗效显著,可以避免患者外科手术的风险,对复发患者再次治疗也安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

原发性肺部隐球酵母菌性肺炎误诊为结节病临床分析

目的将原发性肺部隐球酵母菌性肺炎误诊为结节病的临床病理和影像学表现,加以分析报道。方法应用CT扫描,病理发现结节病并随诊。结果半年后患者出现发热、头痛及肺部阴影,脑脊液培养为新型隐球酵母菌,重新阅读病理确诊为肺新型隐球酵母菌性肺炎。结论肺部隐球酵母菌性肺炎临床及影像学检查特异性少,常常误诊。     

肾移植术后侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的早期诊断治疗

目的 探讨肾移植术后肺部曲霉菌属感染的早期诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析肾移植术后9例符合临床诊断和临床拟诊肺部曲霉菌属感染患者的临床资料.结果 9例临床诊断和拟诊侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的患者中,血培养确诊黑曲霉菌性肺炎1例次,痰培养诊断肺曲霉菌属感染3例次,半乳甘露聚糖试验(GM试验)阳性5例次,CT扫描典型表现诊断2例次,合并巨细胞病毒(CMV)或细菌感染6例,合并假丝酵母菌属感染1例,单纯IPA 2例;7例临床拟诊后立即给与伏立康唑静脉注射,其中有2例合并或序贯给予米卡芬净治疗,1例给予伊曲康唑注射液,1例给予卡泊芬净注射液治疗;合并CMV感染者给予更昔洛韦,合并细菌感染者给予敏感抗菌药物;治愈8例,1例放弃治疗后死亡.结论 对肾移植术后拟诊曲霉菌属感染者应结合GM试验、CT扫描和临床表现,尽早进行经验性治疗以减少死亡率.     

Interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease

INTRODUCTION: The authors analyzed the incidence of interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease. They were seeking an answer to the following problems: the nature of the pathological course of mixed connective tissue disease complicated by and the therapy to be used in interstitial lung disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 179 patients were followed up during a period of 15.9 +/- 6.1 years. Interstitial lung disease was diagnosed using high resolution computed tomography. The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease was not obvious in 5 patients thus open lung biopsy was performed, which confirmed common interstitial pneumonitis. The patients were followed-up, and the data of computed tomography and respiratory function tests were detected 6 months, and then 4 years after the acute lung disease complicated by mixed connective tissue disease. RESULTS: Out of the 179 mixed connective tissue disease patients 96 (53.6%) had interstitial lung disease. The onset of interstitial lung disease was the most frequent in the 2-4 years of the disease. Four years after the first appearance of interstitial lung disease severe fibrosis was diagnosed in 24 patients (25%). A honey comb formation in the lung developed only in one patient. For the treatment of interstitial lung disease, corticosteroid treatment had to be combined with cyclophosphamide in 51 cases. In 4 patients (24%), pulmonary arterial hypertension evolved 2-4 years following interstitial lung disease. The high pulmonary arterial pressure decreased using pulsed corticosteroid treatment, cyclophosphamide, prostacyclin analogue, anticoagulants therapy and the 4 patients stay alive. The pulmonary arterial hypertension was caused by obliterative vasculopathy. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary involvement is found in more than half of the patients with mixed connective tissue disease. Early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease is possible by computed tomography. Interstitial lung disease can be treated by the combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. The authors were the first to detect the coexistence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension in mixed connective tissue disease. Subsequent respiratory alterations in these patient necessitate regular patient follow up.     

Treatment and results of interstitial lung diseases in video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy

In order to establish treatment of interstitial lung diseases in video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy, we retrospectively reviewed our experiences. The present study included 7 patients with a mean age of 46.4, range from 24 to 61, who were treated at our department from 1996 through 1999. They were 5 men and 2 women. The pathologic diagnosis was nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 3 patients who responded to steroid therapy. Three other patients had usual interstitial pneumonia. One patient had lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. No complications occurred. The results indicate that video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy is an effective and safe way to diagnose interstitial lung diseases.     

肺癌合并肺部感染的临床特点和影响因素研究

目的 探讨肺癌合并肺部感染的临床特点及其影响因素。进一步提高肺癌合并肺部感染的识别能力及处理能力，改善预后，提高生活质量。方法 对我院近十年收治的肺癌合并肺部感染患者1495例的临床表现、病理细胞类型、影像学观察、细菌学监测、化放疗及抗菌治疗情况、预后等进行回顾性分析。结果 肺癌合并肺部感染临床上比较常见，感染率为60．8％。临床表现多样性。多数病人发生在化放疗后，尤其是化放疗期间同时使用皮质激素者。本病预后差。结论 肺癌合并肺部感染临床表现不典型。呼吸道症状不明显。胸片CT主要表现为阻塞性肺炎和肺不张。病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主。影响因素有：长期重度吸烟史。肺癌本身的慢性消耗。瘤体压迫或阻塞支气管致引流不畅。化放疗后抵抗力下降以及原有慢性疾病等。文章对肺癌合并肺部感染的治疗进行了初步探讨。     

Persistent infiltrative pulmonary disease

Two patients, a woman aged 63 and a man aged 64 years, were admitted with pulmonary complaints and persistent infiltrative lung abnormalities as revealed in chest X-rays. Routine diagnostic analysis did not lead to a diagnosis. However, a pathological examination of biopsies acquired by means of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), revealed bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia (BOOP). In the first patient the BOOP manifested itself as a rapidly progressive disease with fever, pulmonary complaints and X-ray abnormalities. There was no response to standard antibiotic treatment. The other patient had suffered from rheumatoid arthritis for a considerable time and gradually developed BOOP. Both patients recovered following adequate therapy with high doses of oral corticosteroids. BOOP is a pathological-anatomical entity. It is a nonspecific excessive repair response to a variety of stimuli, such as infection, drugs, collagen vascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, transplantation, intoxication and irradiation. BOOP can also occur idiopathically. A high-resolution CT-scan is useful in distinguishing BOOP from interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases. An open lung biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis BOOP and is best performed by means of VATS. The treatment of BOOP consists of administering high doses of corticosteroids (prednisone 1 mg/kg/day) and if treated adequately, the prognosis is fairly good. Due to the extensive variety in aetiology, the specific diagnostic procedures and the good response to necessary treatment, BOOP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent infiltrative lung disease.     

广泛胸部X线改变的肺炎支原体肺炎15例临床分析

目的 分析广泛胸部X线改变的肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）患儿临床特点，以提高对该病的诊治水平。方法 对某院2005年1—12月收治的15例广泛胸部X线改变的MPP患儿的临床和实验室资料进行分析。结果 经MPIgM抗体检测，15例患儿确诊为MPP，其中胸部X线示大片阴影8例，肺不张4例，少量胸腔积液5例；临床表现以发热伴咳嗽为主（93．33％），肺部体征少，以双肺呼吸音粗糙（53．33％）及单肺呼吸音减低（46．67％）为主。经大环内酯类抗生素治疗后均痊愈。结论 儿童MPP胸片表现较临床症状重，应尽早完善其抗体检测，以免耽误治疗。大环内酯类抗生素治疗效果好。     

CT pathologic correlative study of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia

Though bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) was proposed as a new infiltrative lung disease in 1985, we think it has two radiologic problems. First, in spite of interstitial pneumonia, about half of chest radiographs of BOOP has been reported to show alveolar opacities. Second, because radiologic features of both some cases of BOOP and of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) show reticular shadows on chest radiographs, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between two diseases. We correlated CT images with open lung biopsy specimens and evaluated CT's ability to differentiate BOOP from UIP. CT findings of all cases of BOOP were: (1) markedly increased dense infiltrates of various sizes which demarcated sharply from normal lung field. Air bronchogram was always present. (2) less dense images were seen which also stood out against the normal lung field. The former corresponded to air space consolidation formed by organized exudates and inflammatory cells within alveolar ducts and alveoli, while the latter indicated luminal and mural alveolitis. Both findings were sharply delineated from each other probably because of intervening interlobular septa. Conglomerated small cystic shadows and air bronchography within areas of intense lung density were seen in CT images of most of 28 patients with UIP. Those findings proved to correspond to macroscopic or microscopic honey combing which were not seen in our cases of BOOP. These radiologic and pathologic features of UIP were different.     

Radiation-induced organizing pneumonia after stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung tumor

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate characteristics of organizing pneumonia (OP) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung tumor. Between September 2010 and June 2014, patients who were diagnosed as Stage I lung cancer and treated with SBRT at our institution were included in this study. A total of 78 patients (47 males with a median age of 80 years) were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 23 months. Five patients (6.4%) developed OP at 6–18 months after SBRT. The cumulative incidence of OP was 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–11.0) and 8.2% (95% CI, 2.9–17.0) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Tumor location (superior and middle lobe vs inferior lobe) was shown to be a borderline significant factor for the occurrence of OP (P = 0.069). In the subgroup analysis of patients with a radiographic follow-up period at least 6 months, or who died within 6 months after SBRT, 7 of 72 patients (9.7%) developed Grade 2 or 3 radiation pneumonitis (G2/3 RP) at 2–4 months after SBRT. A statistically significant association between G2/3 RP in the subacute phase and OP was shown (P = 0.040). In two of the five patients who developed OP, the symptoms and radiographic change were improved rapidly by corticosteroid administration. One patient had relapsed OP after suspending the treatment and re-administration was required. Three patients with minor symptoms were managed without corticosteroid administration and OP resolved without any relapse. The radiation-induced OP should be considered as one of the late lung injuries after SBRT for lung tumors.     

初筛阴性的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者1例

病毒核酸检测对于新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊断具有重要意义,而在临床中也出现了核酸检测初筛阴性且最终确诊的患者。在治疗中,新型冠状病毒肺炎患者有临床症状与肺部实际病变程度相分离的特点。一些患者临床症状并不重,但影像学检查却显示病变明显。本例病例提示对于新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似患者,病毒核酸阴性,不能简单排除。应密切追踪患者影像学表现,并及时进行病毒核酸复检,以免漏诊,造成病毒传播,错过治疗时机。在临床治疗中影像学检查对于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者病变程度判断、指导治疗同样具有重要意义。     

社区获得性肺炎的病原体调查与药物敏感性分析

目的研究社区获得性肺炎CAP病原体种类、药物敏感性等,为临床有效诊断、治疗提供依据。方法对154名社区获得性肺炎患者的标本进行细菌培养和血清学检测,并进行药物敏感性试验。用PCR检测社区获得性肺炎非典型病原体。结果在社区获得性肺炎患者中多重感染十分常见;在典型病原体感染中,以肺炎链球菌最为常见;在非典型病原体感染中,以肺炎支原体最为常见,非典型病原体感染在8～14岁阶段检出率最高;明确了各种病原体对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结论明确了该地区社区获得性肺炎的病原谱,及其对药物敏感性的差异,为临床有效治疗提供了依据。     

急性间质性肺炎的影像特征

目的探讨急性间质性肺炎的影像特征。方法回顾分析经开胸肺活检或临床综合诊断证实的10例AIP系列影像资料。结果 AIP的影像学表现为:早期主要表现为两肺对称性分布磨玻璃影;中期主要表现为两肺弥漫分布磨玻璃影及实变影,但实变影不如磨玻璃影常见,可见小叶间隔增厚;晚期主要表现为牵拉性支气管扩张、蜂窝状影、肺气肿。结论急性间质性肺炎相对特征性的影像学表现为进行性间质纤维化和急进性肺结构的破坏。