经股动脉入路置入Venus-A瓣膜支架治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的临床研究

目的：探讨Venus-A瓣膜支架经股动脉入路置入治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的临床疗效。方法：选取2020年9月—2022年2月于河北医科大学第二医院心脏外科行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术的单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者18例,对其围手术期资料进行回顾性分析。结果：18例患者均顺利完成手术,并成功置入Venus-A瓣膜支架25枚（6例实施了“瓣中瓣”手术,其中1例“瓣中瓣”手术共置入3枚Venus-A瓣膜支架）,“瓣中瓣”置入率为33%。术后轻度瓣周反流15例,其余患者无瓣周反流;术后新发一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,后转为完全性左束支传导阻滞1例,其余患者均未出现严重不良事件。术后1周,患者均顺利出院。结论：Venus-A瓣膜支架经股动脉入路置入治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全安全、有效。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术植入Venus-A瓣膜后发生瓣周漏的危险因素分析

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）置入Venus-A瓣膜后发生中/重度瓣周漏（PVL）的危险因素。方法:该研究为单中心病例对照研究。纳入2017年10月至2021年1月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院心内科行TAVR治疗且植入Venus-A瓣膜的主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者。依据出院前经胸超声心动图测得的反流束长度与瓣环周长...     

经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变的临床研究

目的 探讨经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变的安全性及有效性。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年12月河北医科大学第二医院心脏外科行经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术的主动脉瓣膜病变患者6例(1例单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全,5例主动脉瓣狭窄伴关闭不全),对其围手术期临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 6例患者均完成了经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术,共成功置入了6枚介入人工生物心脏瓣膜,手术顺利,术后不适症状均不同程度地减轻或消失,且均未出现相关并发症。术后1年随访,6例患者的心功能均恢复至NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,超声心动图均提示主动脉瓣人工生物瓣膜功能正常,无或少量瓣周反流,平均左心室射血分数提升至66.8%。结论 经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变安全、有效,是解决高龄、高危、外科手术禁忌患者主动脉瓣膜问题的良好方法。     

超声心动图评价经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣单纯关闭不全的近中期疗效

目的:探讨经心尖经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗主动脉瓣单纯关闭不全的近中期临床症状改善情况、左心室结构及功能等变化特点.方法:选取2018年1月至2019年6月在空军军医大学西京医院行经心尖途径TAVR治疗主动脉瓣单纯关闭不全的患者53例,随访1年,观察术后左心室各径线、主动脉生物瓣内和瓣周反流、二尖瓣反流程度等...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术围手术期心电图表现及临床意义

目的 探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术围手术期心电图表现及临床意义.方法 选择我院自2018年1月-2018年12月收治的50例行经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗的患者作为研究对象,按照患者病情的不同分别采用Venus-A瓣膜、J-Valve瓣膜对其行手术治疗,观察患者术前及术后24 h心电图表现,并统计其术后并发症发生情况.结果 采用Venus-A瓣膜行经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗患者,围手术期有3例患者发生新发左束支传导阻滞,1例患者发生新发右束支传导阻滞,1例患者发生新发III度房室传导阻滞.采用J-Valve瓣膜行经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗患者,围手术期有3例患者发生新发左束支传导阻滞,2例患者发生新发多源室性心动过速及室性早搏,1例患者发生新发右束支传导阻滞.经对症治疗后,所有患者传导功能均于术后7-12 d恢复正常.结论 经导管主动脉瓣置换术围手术期对患者行心电图监测,能有效检出其异常传导情况,从而能指导临床尽早采取有效方案对患者进行干预,进而能保障其术后安全.     

超声心动图在主动脉瓣狭窄经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的作用。方法3例重度主动脉瓣瓣膜狭窄患者接受经导管主动脉瓣人工瓣膜植入术。使用PhilipS iE33型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,配备经胸探头S5—1和经食道探头S7—2,X7—2t。超声观察内容包括明确主动脉瓣膜病变范围和程度,测量主动脉瓣环前后径,人工瓣膜植入术后瓣膜功能等。结果3例患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术均取得了成功,人工瓣膜位置稳定,常规超声心动图3例患者术前经胸超声心动图与术中经食管超声心动图诊断相符,跨瓣压差较术前明显下降,主动脉瓣瓣上流速明显下降,瓣周漏瞬时反流量平均约1．2mL。结论经导管主动脉瓣人工瓣膜植入术在治疗严重主动脉瓣瓣膜狭窄中方法可行,效果良好;超声心动图在这项工作中具有重要的辅助作用。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗白塞病合并重度主动脉瓣反流一例

目前,白塞病合并重度主动脉瓣反流的主要治疗方式为外科主动脉瓣置换术,但术后瓣周漏、瓣膜撕脱等严重并发症的发生率高。该文报道1例合并白塞病的重度主动脉瓣反流患者,接受经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗后症状改善明显。随访2年,超声心动图提示人工瓣膜流速、跨瓣压差处于正常范围,无明显瓣周漏;心脏增强CT扫描未见瓣叶增厚、撕脱情况,短期临床效果满意。     

高海拔地区经导管主动脉瓣置换术的疗效观察

目的:评估经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)在高海拔地区治疗主动脉瓣疾病的效果。方法:入选2018-09-2019-09长期生活在高海拔地区的重度主动脉瓣狭窄或主动脉瓣关闭不全的7例患者,均进行经导管主动脉瓣置换术。术后观察主动脉瓣跨瓣压差及反流情况,门诊超声心动图随访,分析疗效和并发症经验。结果:7例患者中4例经股动脉途径,3例经心尖途径。术后左室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)均较术前明显变化(P0.05);4例主动脉狭窄患者术前跨瓣压差(92.45±15.96)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后即刻导管测跨瓣压差(49.25±1.5)mmHg(P0.05);主动脉瓣关闭不全患者术后即刻变为无或微少量反流。术后发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例,发生肺部严重感染3例。结论:高海拔地区TAVR安全有效,但术后并发症不同于平原地区,需严格筛选患者和掌握适应证减少并发症发生。     

穿刺房间隔顺行导丝跨瓣行经导管主动脉瓣置换术2例

经股动脉逆行导丝跨瓣是目前经导管主动脉瓣置换术中最常见的跨瓣方法。该文报道2例主动脉瓣置换术后瓣膜衰败的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,导丝逆行跨主动脉瓣难度大,采用穿刺房间隔顺行跨瓣方法成功建立轨道,人工瓣膜经股动脉逆行释放,避免顺行释放可能造成的二尖瓣损伤。术后超声心动图提示人工瓣膜流速、跨瓣压差明显改善,无明显瓣周漏,患者...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术在单纯自体主动脉瓣返流患者中的应用

经导管主动脉瓣置换术（transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR）已经彻底改变了重度主动脉瓣狭窄的治疗方式。然而,单纯自体主动脉瓣返流（native aortic valve regurgitation,NAVR）一度被认为是TAVR的禁忌证,这是由于大部分患者主动脉瓣无钙化以及随之造成的锚定人工瓣膜困难。与主动脉瓣狭窄相比,TAVR的第一代瓣膜治疗NAVR,器械成功率较低,这是因为需要“瓣中瓣”比率以及术后中重度主动脉瓣返流复发几率较高。然而,随着新一代可回收、有裙边且有特殊固定机制瓣膜的研发与应用,此类患者的手术预后得到改善。本文对TAVR在单纯NAVR患者中的应用及两代瓣膜的临床预后进行了回顾和总结。     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for treatment of patients with degenerated aortic bioprostheses—valve‐in‐valve technique

Background: The management of patients with degeneration of surgical bioprosthetic valve replacement remains a challenge because of the higher risk of re‐do aortic valve replacement. We present a case series of five patients with degenerated aortic bioprostheses treated with transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: From December 2009 to May 2010, five patients with degenerated aortic valve bioprostheses (aortic valve area < 1 cm² or severe aortic regurgitation), an excessive operative risk (EuroSCORE ≥ 30%), symptoms of heart failure (NYHA ≥ III) and an internal diameter of bioprosthetic aortic valve 20.5 ± 0.5 mm were included. Procedures were performed without hemodynamic support using femoral arteries. Balloon valvuloplasty with a 20‐mm balloon under rapid pacing was carried out before valve implantation. The 26‐mm CoreValve prosthesis, 18‐F‐generation (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) was inserted retrograde under fluoroscopic guidance. Invasive and echocardiographic measurements were done immediately before and after TAVI. Clinical followup and echocardiography were performed after procedure (mean followup 72 days ± 60, range: 176–30 days). Results: In all patients TAVI was successful with immediate decrease of transaortic peak‐to‐peak pressure (P = 0.002). Mild aortic regurgitation occurred in two patients and one patient received a new permanent pacemaker. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events did not arise. NYHA functional class improved in all patients and left ventricular ejection fraction increased (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Our experiences with the valve‐in‐valve technique using the CoreValve prosthesis suggest that transfemoral TAVI is feasible in high risk patients with degenerated aortic bioprostheses. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

First report of a simultaneous transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve and aortic valve replacement in a left ventricular assist device patient

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. Although not intended for treatment of primary aortic insufficiency, several transcatheter aortic valve prostheses have been used to treat patients with severe aortic insufficiency (AI), including patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), in whom significant AI is not uncommon. Similarly, transcatheter valve replacements have been used for valve‐in‐valve treatment, in the pulmonary, aortic, and mitral positions, either via a retrograde femoral approach or antegrade transseptal approach (mitral valve‐in‐valve). In this case report, we report an LVAD patient with severe aortic insufficiency and severe bioprosthetic mitral prosthetic stenosis, in whom we successfully performed transfemoral aortic valve replacement and transfemoral mitral valve‐in‐valve replacement via a transseptal approach. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Regurgitation With Acute Refractory Cardiogenic Shock

From January 2013 to January 2017, 686 consecutive patients were referred to our centre for transcatheter aortic valve replacement, including 5 subjects with severe aortic regurgitation and acute refractory cardiogenic shock. These patients were contraindicated for surgical treatment by the heart team because of high surgical risk (median logistic EuroSCORE: 74.6/Society of Thoracic Surgeons score: 37.9). The success rate of valve implantation was 100% through transfemoral access with self-expandable devices. The observed 30-day mortality rate was 20%. Hence, the transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure might represent a successful and life-saving intervention for treatment of patients with severe aortic regurgitation who present with acute refractory cardiogenic shock.     

A heart valve dedicated for aortic regurgitation: Review of technology and early clinical experience with the transfemoral Trilogy system

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is associated with morbidity and premature mortality. Surgical aortic valve replacement is not an option for many patients due to an adverse surgical risk profile, whilst transcatheter aortic valve implantation with most available prostheses has demonstrated suboptimal implantation success and outcomes. The JenaValve Trilogy™ system provides an attractive solution for such patients as it utilizes clips that directly attach onto the native valve leaflets to anchor. Initially designed for transapical delivery, the current transfemoral delivery system is under investigation in the United States and approved for aortic stenosis and regurgitation in Europe. We present an expert review on the technical aspects of the Trilogy system, provide a guide for implantation, discuss the available evidence for the technology and provide illustrative case examples.     

Transfemoral Implantation of a Fully Repositionable and Retrievable Transcatheter Valve for Noncalcified Pure Aortic Regurgitation

ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the use of the Direct Flow Medical (DFM) transcatheter heart valve (Direct Flow Medical, Santa Rosa, California) for the treatment of noncalcific pure aortic regurgitation (AR).BackgroundThe treatment of noncalcific AR has remained a relative contraindication with transcatheter heart valves due to challenges in anchoring devices in the absence of calcium, concerns of valve embolization, and the high risk of significant residual paravalvular leak.MethodsThe study population consisted of patients treated for severe noncalcific pure AR with transfemoral implantation of a DFM transcatheter heart valve at 6 European centers. The primary endpoint was the composite endpoint of device success and the secondary endpoint was the composite early safety endpoint (according to the VARC-2 criteria).ResultsEleven high-risk (STS score 8.84 ± 8.9, Logistic EuroSCORE 19.9 ± 7.1) patients (mean age 74.7 ± 12.9 years) were included. Device success was achieved in all patients. In 1 patient, the initial valve prosthesis was retrieved after pull-through, and a second valve was successfully deployed. The early safety endpoint was reached in 91% of the patients, with 1 patient requiring surgical aortic valve replacement secondary to downward dislocation of the prosthesis that was successfully managed with surgical aortic valve replacement. DFM implantation resulted in excellent hemodynamics with none or trivial paravalvular regurgitation in 9 patients and a transprosthetic gradient of 7.7 ± 5.1 mm Hg at 30-day follow up. All patients derived symptomatic benefit following the procedure, with 72% in New York Heart Association functional class I or II.ConclusionsThis study reports the feasibility of treating severe noncalcific AR with the Direct Flow prosthesis via the transfemoral route.     

Series of transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantations in high‐risk patients with degenerated bioprostheses in aortic and mitral position

Objectives: We report our experience with transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantations in patients with degenerated bioprostheses in aortic and mitral position. Background: Xenograft degeneration is a potential problem after biological valve replacement. Reoperation remains the gold standard with very good short‐ and long‐term results. In selected patients not suitable for surgery however, interventional techniques for valve implantation and repair may be valuable alternative treatment options with regard to the good results of transcatheter valve implantation for native aortic valve stenosis. Methods: Five patients presented with significant xenograft degeneration 15.4 ± 5.2 years after aortic (n = 4) and mitral (n = 1) valve replacement. Mean patient age was 82.0 ± 6.5 years and predicted operative mortality was 55.8% ± 18.9% (logistic EuroSCORE). Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation was performed successfully through a transapical access in all patients. A 23‐mm Edwards Sapien valve was deployed into the degenerated valve prosthesis. Results: Mean transvalvular gradients were reduced from 31.2 ± 17.4 to 19.0 ± 12.4 mm Hg in aortic and from 9 to 3 mm Hg in mitral position without significant regurgitation in any of these patients. Two patients died within 30 days due to low cardiac output and acute hemorrhage, respectively, one of whom presented with a EuroSCORE of 88.9%. Conclusions: With growing need for reoperative valve replacement in elderly patients with disproportional operative risks, transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation in aortic and mitral position offers an alternative treatment option. Although valve function after transcatheter implantation was good in all patients, two high risk patients died in the postoperative period due to their significant comorbidities, underscoring the bail‐out character of this procedure. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Salvaging lowermost deployment of an acurate device during transcatheter aortic valve replacement with balloon and lasso pull techniques

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), also known as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), is being used with increasing frequency in patients with severe aortic stenosis at high or prohibitive surgical risk. A number of devices are becoming available for TAVR, and competence in using them is mandatory to maximize the safety and efficacy of TAVR, while individualizing device selection in keeping with patient features. The ACURATE TF is a novel promising device for transfemoral TAVR. However, its peculiar features may require additional maneuvers in case of complications. We hereby report the case of a patient undergoing transfemoral TAVR with the ACURATE TF device, in whom lowermost deployment was complicated by massive aortic regurgitation. With two separate remedial actions, the balloon pull and lasso techniques, we were able to pull back the device and significantly reduce post‐TAVR aortic regurgitation. Awareness of this complication and the possible use of these two techniques may increase the safety and efficacy of TAVR with this and other new devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Urgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe acute aortic regurgitation following open mitral valve surgery

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not currently approved for pure native valve aortic incompetence, and is typically performed on a compassionate basis in selected patients who are at high risk for conventional surgery. We describe the first use of TAVR to treat iatrogenic severe acute pure aortic incompetence following mitral valve surgery. A 71‐year‐old gentleman developed life‐threatening acute aortic regurgitation (AR) within hours of a very challenging fifth open heart mitral valve replacement. Careful inspection of echocardiographic and computed tomographic imaging identified the cause as a disrupted left coronary cusp at the commissure caused by the surgical mitral annular reconstruction. Medical management with afterload reduction failed with recurrent pulmonary edema, and a sixth open heart surgery was deemed prohibitively high risk. The lack of aortic annular calcium onto which anchors a transcatheter valve was a concern for TAVR. However, we postulated that the struts of the mitral valve bioprosthesis would offer some support to the TAVR valve. We opted for a self‐expanding system because of concerns about potential unfavorable interaction between the balloon onto which balloon‐expandable bioprosthesis is mounted and the struts of the mitral bioprosthesis, and because the Evolut R system has additional anchoring points at the crown which might enhance transcatheter valve stability in the non‐calcified annulus, compared with the Edwards Sapien system. Transfemoral TAVR, performed with a Medtronic Evolut R 34 mm system under general anesthesia and using moderately rapid ventricular pacing, was successful with minimal residual AR. On follow‐up 1 month later the patient was asymptomatic, and the aortic and mitral bioprostheses were functioning normally on echocardiogram.     

Successful minimal approach transcatheter aortic valve replacement in an allograft heart recipient 19 years post transplantation for severe aortic stenosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is one of the rare valvular complications in a transplanted heart.Over the past 8 years, transcatheter approach for aortic valve replacement(TAVR) has been slowly evolving to be the preferred approach in these patient population when compared to the surgical approach. We report a second case in the United States with successful transfemoral minimal approach with minimal sedation for TAVR in a heart transplant recipient 19 years post transplantation for severe symptomatic calcified aortic stenosis.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of 73-year-old male who has undergone successful minimal approach transcatheter aortic valve replacement in an allograft heart. Patient had received orthotopic heart transplantation 19 years ago for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Follow up transthoracic echocardiograms as per routine protocol did not show any aortic valve disease until 15 years post transplantation.Aortic valve was noted to be mildly sclerotic at that time and gradually progressed to severe symptomatic aortic stenosis over the next 4 years. Patient had complaints of worsening shortness of breath that limited his functional capacity. Overall his post heart transplantation period has been mostly uneventful except for allograft non occlusive vasculopathy and aortic stenosis.His Society of Thoracic Surgery risk score was 12.205% and he was considered to be a high-risk surgical candidate by surgeon. Decision was made to undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement.CONCLUSION With the improved survival of these patients, we think it is time to look intopathophysiology of valvular disease in transplant heart recipients. Some other unanswered questions include, underlying donor and recipient risk factors for valvular diseases in heart transplant recipients.     

Mixed aortic valve disease treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a high risk patient presenting with acute decompensated heart failure

Mixed aortic valve disease refers to the combination of aortic regurgitation (AR) and aortic stenosis (AS). Commonly etiologies include a bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic heart disease, and endocarditis superimposed upon a stenotic aortic valve. Treatment depends upon the severity of disease, the presence of symptoms and the size and function of the left ventricle. We present a case of a young patient that presented with new onset acute decompensated heart failure with mixed aortic valve disease that was successful treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Invasive hemodynamics at baseline and following TAVR provide an insight into the characteristic features of mixed aortic valve disease. TAVR represents a new treatment option for critically ill patients deemed high risk or nonoperable for surgical aortic valve replacement.