环形外固定器治疗下肢长骨骨不连畸形

198 7年 4月以来我们应用自行设计的环形外固定器[1]治疗股骨、胫骨骨不连 ,畸形 5 8例 ,效果良好 ,报告如下 :1　临床资料临床应用 5 8例 ,男 36例 ,女 2 2例 ;年龄 12～ 6 1岁 ,平均38岁 ;骨不连 39例 ,其中股骨 18例 ,胫骨骨不连 2 1例。骨折不连时间 6月～ 3年 4个月 ,平均 1年 2个月。骨折畸形愈合19例 ,股骨 9例。胫骨骨折畸连 10例。 2例 12岁和 14岁男孩患有胫腓骨下段畸连同时伴有下肢短缩 5～ 5 5ｃｍ。骨折畸形愈合时间 2 5月～ 5年 4个月。平均 8 5月 ,5 8例骨不连及畸连病人属内固定失败 2 8例 ,外固定失效 2 6例 ,4例病人由…     

膜诱导技术治疗成人长骨慢性骨髓炎早期临床疗效

目的:探讨膜诱导技术治疗成人长骨慢性骨髓炎清创后大段骨缺损的早期临床疗效。方法:2010年3月至2012年3月共收治成人长骨慢性骨髓炎23例,男15例,女8例;年龄26~49岁,平均35.2岁;16例初始损伤为开放性骨折,6例为闭合性骨折,1例无骨折病史。胫骨12例,股骨7例,肱骨3例,尺桡双骨1例;骨干19例,干骺端4例。病程4~13个月,平均6.9个月。所有患者采用膜诱导技术分2个阶段治疗,记录患肢术后并发症、骨愈合时间及功能情况,并采用中文版SF-36量表评定手术疗效。结果:所有患者获随访,时间18~43个月,平均(27.6±5.3)个月。术后2例出现皮瓣边缘部分坏死,1例髂骨切口浅表感染,余无明显围手术期并发症发生。20例获得Ⅰ期骨愈合,平均愈合时间4.6个月(3~7个月),其中16例下肢手术患者完全负重时间5.2个月(4~8个月);3例随访期间出现感染,再次接受膜诱导手术后达到完全骨愈合。末次随访时SF-36量表各维度得分及总分较术前改善。结论:膜诱导技术可以有效解决成人长骨慢性骨髓炎清创后大段骨缺损问题,显著缩短治疗周期,手术操作简单,术后并发症少,患肢功能恢复良好,早期疗效满意。     

脊柱骨髓炎的诊治现状

１８７９年就有关于脊柱骨髓炎的报导,本病是一相对罕见的病种,约占全身骨骼系统感染的１％〔１〕。成人发病隐匿,缺少物异的病状和体症,故其诊断困难。一个或多个病椎压痛和血沉增快是最初症状,Ｘ线变化需几周至几个月才出现,平均诊断时间为３～６个月〔２〕,确诊时神经损伤可能或已经发生〔１〕,因此悉知本病的特点对提高诊断和治疗是十分重要的。１　病因及发病机理致病菌以金黄色葡萄球菌最多见〔１,６－９〕,Ｊｕｄｉｔｈ和Ｍａｒｔｉｎ报告了７１例脊柱骨髓炎病人,金黄色葡萄球菌感染的占４２３％（３０／７１）,其次…     

带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折

我院自 1 998年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月使用带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折共 1 30例 ,效果良好。现报告如下 :1　临床资料本组 1 30例中男 83例 ,女 47例 ;年龄 1 8～ 54岁 ,平均38 5岁。胫骨骨折 95例 ,其中中上段骨折 64例 ,下段骨折31例 ;股骨骨折 35例 ,其中中上段骨折 2 6例 ,下段骨折 9例。2　治疗方法2 1　胫骨骨折　采用国产钉 72例 ,进口钉 2 3例。取骨折处为中心的小切口 ,能显露骨折断端及处理碎骨块即可 ,尽量少剥离骨膜。自骨折断端向远、近两端扩髓 ,扩髓直径较髓内钉大一号。使骨折复位 ,骨爪临时固定。在胫骨结节与髌骨下缘间…     

成人血源性脊柱化脓性骨髓炎23例临床分析

目的 总结23例成人血源性脊柱化脓性骨髓炎(PDVO)的临床诊治经验.方法 对1999年7月至2006年10月收治的23例成人血源性PDVO患者的病史、临床表现、诊断、治疗及转归等进行回顾性分析.结果 本组23例,男15例,女8例;平均年龄55.4岁.诊治延误时间4周～11个月,平均4.4个月.其中患有或合并患有下述1种以上疾病的17例:糖尿病、泌尿系感染、酒精中毒、肝硬化、风湿性关节炎以及长期滥用糖皮质激素.全部23例实验室检查C反应蛋白和红细胞沉降率均有升高,而白细胞计数仅有9例升高.7例保守治疗;16例前路病灶清创植骨融合,其中11例脊柱不稳的选择适当的内固定,3例采用一期椎体侧前方钢板固定.7例采用二期后路融合椎弓根螺钉固定.本组23例全部获随访,随访时间6个月～7年,平均27个月.患者生活均能自理,无复发.手术治疗的患者,术后症状迅速缓解,植骨融合率达87.5%.结论 成人血源性PDVO好发于患有内科疾病的老年患者,血培养阳性有助于确诊.对于保守治疗失败的慢性PDVO的患者,手术清创植骨融合配合适当的内固定,能迅速缓解症状,安全有效.     

长骨骨化性纤维瘤的诊治（附3例报道）

1　病历摘要1.1　病例 1　女性 ,16岁 ,病变部位是胫骨上端。因局部疼痛、肿胀 2周就诊 ,体检发现 :胫骨中上段骨性隆起 ,轻微压痛。Ｘ线片示 :胫骨上段骨骺线以下至中段胫骨骨干前侧皮质病变 ,呈偏心性膨胀性囊性改变 ,病灶内见骨嵴 ,胫骨轻度向前弯曲 ,未见骨膜反应。术前诊断 :骨囊肿。治疗 :彻底刮除肿瘤病灶 ,石炭酸骨腔壁灭活 ,取自体髂骨植骨 ,石膏外固定 3月 ,术后随访 5年 ,无复发。1.2　病例 2　男性 ,8岁 ,右小腿酸、肿胀、不适近 1年。体检 :右小腿中段轻微肿胀 ,无红、热 ,无压痛。Ｘ线片示 :右胫骨中段多房性改变 ,骨皮质密度…     

成人肠套叠28例诊治体会

目的探讨成人肠套叠的诊断和治疗方法。方法对我院10年来收治的28例成人肠套叠的诊断及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果术前确诊9例,术中确诊19例。引起套叠的主要原因有良性肿瘤(10例)、恶性肿瘤(7例)及炎性损伤(5例)等。28例均经手术治疗康复出院。结论成人肠套叠多由器质性病变引起,诊断主要依据临床表现和辅助检查,必须手术治疗。     

Role of vascularized bone grafts in lower extremity osteomyelitis

Vascularized bone grafting seems to be a valuable reconstructive technique for the treatment of osteomyelitis with skeletal defects greater than 6 cm in length. Fibular osteocutaneous, composite rib, and iliac osteocutaneous flaps are the most commonly used vascularized bone grafts clinically. Vascularized bone can obliterate dead space, bridge large bone defects, enhance bone healing, resist infection by ensuring blood supply, allow early rehabilitation, and ensure better clinical outcomes in the treatment of lower extremity osteomyelitis. Success rates range from 80% to 95%. Complications of surgery include anastomosis failure, donor site problems, and fracture of the grafted bone.     

Muscle flaps in the treatment of osteomyelitis of the lower extremity

Thirty three consecutive patients with chronic osteomyelitis and deficient soft tissue coverage treated with a muscle flap from 1991-1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Osteomyelitis was diagnosed by positive bone cultures and radiographic changes consistent with osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis was divided into localized <50% diameter: 24 patients and diffuse >50% diameter or infected nonunion: 9 patients. The average age was 38 (18-74). The cause of the osteomyelitis was open fracture 23, closed fracture and open reduction internal fixation 5, gunshot wound 3, burn 1, and chronic venous stasis ulcer 1. Localized osteomyelitis was treated with saucerization and coverage with a free or rotational muscle flap. Pandiaphyseal osteomyelitis was treated with a complete diaphysectomy in 3, and wide saucerization in 2. Twenty three patients were treated with a free flap and 10 with a rotational flap.A reconstructive success was considered a limb that allowed full weight bearing with a stable wound, no drainage and no recurrence of infection. Patients were evaluated for risk factors: malnutrition, renal or liver failure, alcohol abuse, immune deficiency, chronic hypoxia, malignancy, diabetes, age over 70, steroid therapy, tobacco abuse, or drug abuse.Patients were followed an average of 34 months (12-58) after surgery. A reconstructive success was achieved in 91% (20/22) of patients with local osteomyelitis and in 56% (5/9) of patients with diffuse osteomyelitis (p < 0.05). A reconstructive success was achieved in 88% (7/8) patients with no risk factors and in 78% (18/23) of patients with one or more risk factors (not significant p = 0.05).     

滑槽植骨自体骨髓移植治疗下肢长管状骨骨不连

[目的]评价滑槽+自体红骨髓移植治疗下肢长管状骨骨不连的效果。[方法]2000年1月~2007年8月,采用滑槽植骨+自体红骨髓治疗下肢长管状骨骨不连32例,其中男19例,女13例;平均年龄36岁,骨折术后至此次手术时间最短8个月,最长48个月,平均18个月。术后摄X线片,观察骨折愈合情况。[结果]本组32例患者均获随访,随访时间18~37个月,平均22个月,32例患者全部愈合,愈合时间最短6个月,最长20个月,平均12个月。[结论]滑槽植骨+自体红骨髓移植治疗下肢长管状骨骨不连愈合率高、效果满意。     

抗生素骨水泥链珠结合骨搬移技术分期治疗下肢长骨慢性骨髓炎

目的 探讨应用抗生素骨水泥链珠结合骨搬移技术分期治疗下肢长骨慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效,寻找有效解决长骨慢性骨髓炎的治疗方案。方法 选自我院2012年1月至2016年1月行手术治疗的股骨及胫骨慢性骨髓炎患者32例,采用分期治疗,一期进行彻底清创、去除死骨、放置万古霉素骨水泥链株,安装环形外固定延长架,二期取出万古霉素抗生素链珠,进行截骨延长、骨搬移,定期拍片检查骨搬移情况,骨搬移结束后视断端对合情况决定是否植骨。结果 32例患者治疗结束后炎症完全控制,且均达到骨性愈合,其中12例在搬移结束后行自体骨移植,20例断端对合后骨性愈合,所有患者均恢复了日常生活。结论 抗生素链珠结合骨搬移技术分期治疗下肢长骨慢性骨髓炎临床疗效肯定,慢性骨组织炎症经局部使用抗生素链珠后感染被控制,而后行骨搬移技术进行缓慢骨搬移,最终达到骨性愈合,为临床上治疗较为棘手的慢性骨髓炎提供一种有效的方法。     

自锁型可膨胀髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折

目的探讨自锁型可膨胀髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折的疗效。方法2004年9月～2005年9月应用自锁型可膨胀髓内钉治疗21例下肢长骨骨折患者,其中股骨骨折9例,胫骨骨折12例。从手术情况、并发症、骨折愈合情况及功能评价等方面对疗效进行分析。结果所有患者术后获4～15个月(平均9．6个月)随访。所有患者无感染发生,骨折端均获愈合,无骨不愈合、骨延迟愈合及内固定松动和断裂等并发症发生。功能评价参考Johner-Wruh方法：优14例,良6例,可1例,优良率为95．2%。结论自锁型可膨胀髓内钉固定能显著减少手术创伤、明显缩短手术时间及降低术后并发症的发生率,是一种比较理想的治疗下肢长骨骨折的方法。     

交锁髓内钉和加压接骨板治疗下肢长干骨骨折的疗效

目的比较交锁髓内钉和加压接骨板治疗下肢长干骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对87例采用交锁髓内钉和加压接骨板治疗的下肢长干骨骨折手术患者随访4～24个月,对两种方法的临床情况、术后并发症进行比较分析。结果交锁髓内钉组患者的临床愈合时间、术后并发症均少于加压接骨板组,临床疗效优于加压接骨板组。结论交锁髓内钉治疗下肢长干骨骨折的临床疗效优于加压接骨板。     

Four cases of abdominal expander implantation in adult chronic osteomyelitis of lower extremity with soft tissue defect and literature review

In this study, we intend to explore the clinical efficacy of abdominal expander implantation combined with flap technique in adult chronic osteomyelitis of lower limb with soft tissue defects, and to provide the basis for the promotion of the technique in clinical practice. Four patients diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis of lower extremity with soft tissue defect were enrolled in this prospective study. Evaluation indicators included state of flap survival, state of abdominal incision, surrounding of abdominal wound scar, satisfaction of the patient, state of flap survival half a year after surgery, whether the 3D prosthesis is successfully implanted and limb movement. Four patients had complete flap survival, two of whom had a small amount of skin graft survival disorder in the vascular pedicle area, which improved after 1 month of dressing change. The expander had an average expansion time of 31.5 days, an average water injection of 525 mL, and an average skin volume taken of 159 cm². No incision exudation, incision dehiscence, subcutaneous exudate and other complications occurred. The mean Vancouver Scar Scale score at 3 months after surgery was 3.5 (range from 3 to 6) points. Four patients showed good flap survival at six‐month follow‐up. 3D printed prosthesis were all successfully implanted. The treatment of adult chronic osteomyelitis of lower extremities with lower abdominal implantable expander combined with flap technique can effectively increase the skin harvesting area, reduce the suture tension of abdominal skin harvesting area and the scar hyperplasia of abdominal skin harvesting area.     

非典型骨髓炎的影像学表现及治疗

目的 分析非典型骨髓炎的影像学表现探讨诊疗方法.方法观察24例非典型骨髓炎患者影像学表现,并与手术病理结果进行对照.结果 24例患者术后病理均证实为骨髓炎.显示软组织肿胀:X线平片10例,CT 18例,MRI 21例;显示骨膜反应:X线平片15例,CT 18例,MRI未见;显示骨髓腔密度增高:X线平片11例,CT 16例,MRI 24例;显示骨皮质增厚:X线平片10例,CT 14例,MRI 18例.结论 MRI对非典型骨髓炎的早期诊断、鉴别诊断帮助较大,X 线平片仍是基础.X线平片、CT结合MR检查是非典型骨髓炎的早期诊断和鉴别诊断的重要手段.非典型慢性骨髓炎影像学表现不典型,误诊、漏诊率较高,认识其临床及影像学表现可以提高诊疗水平.     

Disparities in follow-up care for ballistic and non-ballistic long bone lower extremity fractures

ObjectivesTo describe differences in follow-up compliance and emergency department (ED) visits between ballistic and non-ballistic operative lower extremity fracture patients.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUrban level 1 trauma center.Patients/ParticipantsPatients age ≥18 years with ≥1 tibia or femur fractures treated with ORIF or intramedullary nailing (IMN) between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2015.Main Outcome MeasureA compliance fraction calculated as ([number of attended follow-up visits] / [number of attended follow-up visits + number of missed follow-up visits]) and ED visits in the post-operative period.Results612 patients were studied. Patients with ballistic lower extremity fractures had a younger mean age (30.8 years v. 41.6 years; p < 0.0001); a shorter length of stay (5.00 days v. 8.00 days; p < 0.0001); and were more likely to be male (92.6% v. 68%; p < 0.0001) and African-American (90.1% v. 63.1%; p < 0.0001) when compared to non-ballistic long bone injuries. Increased follow-up compliance (defined as a compliance fraction ≥0.75) was associated with having a non-ballistic fracture (OR 1.73, 1.13–2.64; p = 0.01), not having an ED visit (OR 2.08, 1.30–3.33; p = 0.002), and being female (OR 1.82, 1.27–2.61; p = 0.001). Increased ED utilization (≥ 1 ED visit) was associated with ballistic mechanism (OR 1.95, 1.20–3.16; p = 0.006), a low follow-up compliance fraction (OR 2.08, 1.30–3.33; p = 0.0019), homelessness (OR 3.91, 1.53–9.98; p = 0.006), and African-American race (OR 2.26, 1.26–4.05; p = 0.05). Scheduling a specific follow-up visit on the discharge summary did not predict higher compliance (OR 1.51, 0.98–2.33; p = 0.06). Conversely, the lack of a specific follow-up visit scheduled on the discharge summary did not predict ED utilization (OR 0.63, 0.34–1.17; p = 0.14).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that increased utilization of the ED was associated with ballistic fractures, homelessness, decreased clinic compliance, and African American race. Furthermore, patients with non-ballistic injuries, women, and those without any ED visit were more likely to have higher outpatient clinic compliance.