与出生低体重有关的孕母情况的研究

为了研究与出生低体重有关的孕母情况 ,采用病例对照研究的方法 ,对 48例低出生体重儿和 43 3例非低出生体重儿的母亲进行流行病学调查分析。结果显示 :孕期妊高征 (OR=1.687,95% CI:1.198～ 2 .3 75)、孕周(OR=0 .157,95% CI:0 .0 98～ 0 .2 53 )、产次 (OR=3 .2 51,95% CI:1.188～ 8.90 0 )与低出生体重的发生有关。提示 :加强围产期保健 ,减少妊高征、早产和经产 ,健全农村围产保健机构 ,可有效降低出生低体重的发生率     

低出生体重儿与生长抑素的关系

应用放射免疫法测定32例低出生体重儿脐血和静脉血生长抑素(SS)的含量变化。结果表明:足月小样儿脐血和静脉血SS明显高于早产儿和对照组,新生儿体重与脐血和静脉血SS呈明显负直线相关。新生儿胎龄与脐血和静脉血SS无明显相关关系。提示:新生儿脐血和静脉血SS升高是导致低出生体重儿发生的重要机制之一。     

382例低出生体重儿临床分析

目的:探讨低出生体重儿的发病因素、发生率、合并症及死亡原因,为预防低出生体重儿的发生提供参考依据。方法:回顾性分析2004年1月～2010年1月河池市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的382例低出生体重儿的临床资料,分析、比较其发病因素、发生率、合并症及死亡原因、死亡率。结果:382例低出生体重儿发病原因均为母亲妊娠期各种因素。常见合并症有产前宫内窘迫、出生后窒息、高胆红素血症、吸入性或感染性肺炎、颅内出血、缺氧缺血性脑病、硬肿症、低血糖、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、肺出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎等;低出生体重儿发生率为51.63‰,死亡率为157.07‰;死亡以早产极低出生体重儿为主。结论:加强孕期保健是预防低出生体重儿发生的重要措施之一。     

274例住院低出生体重儿和极低出生体重儿患病病种分析

目的:探讨住院低出生体重儿(LBW I)、极低出生体重儿(VLBW I)的患病病种,以便更好地预防、诊治及护理。方法:回顾性分析274例住院LBW I、VLBW I病种。结果:LBW I、VLBW I患儿患病病种分别为肺炎(98.1%)、缺氧缺血性脑病(H IE,69.7%)、酸碱失衡(47.1%)、病理性黄疸(43.8%)、新生儿硬肿症(43.1%)、血糖异常(26.6%)、电解质紊乱(22.3%)、颅内出血(21.5%)、呼吸暂停(14.2%)、败血症(12.8%)、缺氧缺血性心肌损害(11.3%)、应激性溃疡(8.0%)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(3.6%)、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(3.3%)。VLBW I组颅内出血、低体温、应激性溃疡、低钾血症、低钠血症、低镁血症、呼吸暂停、肺透明膜病、肺出血、肾功能衰竭的发病率分别为41.5%、48.8%、19.5%、17.1%、9.8%、7.3%、34.1%、12.2%、7.3%、4.9%,均高于LBW I组(P<0.05)。结论:LBW I、VLBW I患病病种繁多、病情危重,以肺炎、H IE为主,VLBW更易发生颅内出血、低体温、应激性溃疡、电解质紊乱、呼吸系统疾病,是住院期间应密切诊治及护理的重点。     

徐汇区1岁内低出生体重儿与正常出生体重儿智能发育比较

目的了解1岁内低出生体重儿与正常儿童在智能发育上的差距,以便采取可行且具体有效的干预方法。方法选取2002年1月-2004年12月本所儿保门诊体检并在9月或12月龄做智力筛查测试的儿童,分低出生体重儿组和正常出生体重儿组。结果正常儿与低出生体重儿12月龄丹佛智能筛查测验(DDST)结果可疑异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),对DDST结果为可疑异常的儿童再进行详细分析迟长项目的能区分布,正常儿动作能区迟长项目9月龄时占96.9%,12月龄时占86.1%;低出生体重儿9月龄时占82.7%,12月龄时占72.9%。结论1岁内低出生体重儿与正常儿童之间在智能发育上存在一定差距,且最主要是在动作发育上,所以有必要加强对低出生体重儿童脑功能的早期开发训练,使其达到正常出生体重儿的智能水平。     

提高低出生体重儿存活率的探讨

随着新生儿监护技术的不断完善,低出生体重儿的存活率明显提高。现将我院近年来新生儿重症疾患监护室(NICU)收治的108例低出生体重儿临床资料分析如下。临床资料1．一般资料:108例均为体重≤2000g,孕周≤34周的早产儿。由院外转来82例(75.9%)。出生24小时内入院78例(72.2%),其余均在出生3天内入院。男69例,女39例。体重最低800g,孕周最小28周。其中双胎28例,3胎5例。入院时体温＜35℃59例(54.6%)。2．主要并发症:76例存在着一种或一种以上的并发症,其中窒息59例,硬肿症56例,败血症53例,肺炎35例,肺出血31例,消化道出血29     

低出生体重儿的发生率及相关危险因素研究

目的 :了解天津市低出生体重儿 (LBW)的发生率 ,探讨LBW的危险因素。方法 :以在天津市几所医院进行产前健康检查的妊娠妇女为研究对象。LBW诊断采用WHO标准 ,通过问卷调查、体格检查和随访获得研究对象的有关资料。结果 :2 5 91名孕妇共生产 2 614名活产儿 ,其中 67例为LBW ,LBW发生率为 2 5 6%。调整混杂因素后 ,非条件logistic回归分析结果显示 ,重大生活事件史、生产女婴、双胎妊娠是发生LBW的危险因素 ;而身高、分娩时孕周是保护因素。结论 :LBW的发生可能是多因素综合作用的结果。     

深圳市龙岗区2007年低出生体重儿发生率及相关因素分析

目的 了解龙岗区低出生体重儿（LBWI）发生率和发生原因,为降低LBWI发生率提供干预措施。方法 收集龙岗区2007年出生的所有活产儿的资料,对LBWI资料进行分析。结果 龙岗区2007年活产数34232例,LBWI数1738例．LBWI发生率为5．1％。女性LBWI发生率高于男性（X^2=28．01,P〈0．001）。随胎数的增加LBWI发生率呈上升趋势（X^2趋=2365．592,P〈0．001）。早产组LBWI发生率最高（55．04％）,足月产组次之（2．22％）,过期产组最低（0．47％）,经检验差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。LBWI发生率随产检次数的增多而下降（X^2=118．876,P〈0．001）。母亲的年龄过大或过小,LBWI发生率都将增加。户籍人口LBWI发生率为4．85％,低于流动人口的5.37％,经检验差异有统计学意义（X^2=56．42．P〈0．001）。结论 加强龙岗区流动人口孕期保健,重视产前检查、预防早产、预防孕期并发症等均是降低LBWI发生率的重要措施。     

Father Early Engagement Behaviors and Infant Low Birth Weight

Objective To examine the association of father early engagement behaviors and infant low birth weight (LBW) among unmarried, urban couples. Methods Participants were from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth-cohort study of urban families. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data from interviews with unmarried mothers and fathers (N?=?2726) that took place at the time of their child’s birth. Early engagement behaviors were based on fathers’ self-report of whether during the pregnancy they gave mothers money to buy things for the baby, helped in other ways like providing transportation to prenatal clinics, and attended the birth. Results Most (68.9%) fathers engaged in all three early engagement behaviors; 22% engaged in 2 behaviors; and 9.1% engaged in 1 or 0 early engagement behaviors. LBW more than doubled when comparing infants of fathers who engaged in all three early engagement behaviors (9.6% predicted probability of LBW) to those fathers who engaged in no early engagement behaviors (over 22% predicted probability of LBW). Conclusion Infant and maternal health may benefit from intervention to encourage positive father engagement during pregnancy.     

Nutritional Status of Mothers and Low Birth Weight in India

Objectives In this paper we examine the role of mothers’ nutritional status and socio-biological aspects in determining the birth weight of their most recent child. Methods We used data from the second Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 1998–1999. Analysis is based on children born within 12 months prior to the survey date (N = 10,042). We used a subjective measure of the size of infant at birth as an indicator for birth weight and employed logistic regression to estimate the effect of BMI and other determinants on birth weight of children in India as a whole and for 17 states separately. Results and Conclusions Results show that mothers’ nutritional status is the most important determinant of newborn children’s birth weight. Safe drinking water, use of antenatal care and iron deficient anaemia were also significant contributors to low birth weight. Mothers’ BMI impact is more pervasive across India than the impact of other factors on birth weight.     

提高极低出生体重儿存活率的护理体会

目的 加强极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)疾病的防治工作,提高VLBWI的存活率,降低死亡率.方法 按莆田学院新生儿病区监护室(NICU)建立前后,分为前5年组(1996-2000年)和后5年(2001-2005年),比较2组极低出生体重儿并发症的发生率和存活率.结果 2组极低出生体重儿的胎龄、出生体重构成比差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).主要并发症呼吸系统疾病的病死率、严重感染的病死率和颅内出血的发生率,后5年组较前5年组均下降,差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 建立NICU,加强对护士的培训,提高护士对重症监护的整体护理水平,配合治疗.是提高极低出生体重儿存活率的关键.     

家庭居住环境与寻常型银屑病发病关系分析

目的：研究家庭居住环境与寻常型银屑病发病的关系。方法：采用病例对照研究方法，共调查了寻常型银屑病病人223例，相同年龄段的健康人111例，使用SAS统计软件，进行单因素与多因素的非条件Logistic回归分析。结果：房舍朝向、楼层、住房面积大小与银屑病的发病相关。结论：家庭居住环境因素在寻常型银屑病的发病中起一定的作用。     

Second Births to Teenage Mothers: Risk Factors For Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth

CONTEXT: Teenagers are more likely than older women to have a low-birth-weight infant or a preterm birth, and the risks may be particularly high when they have a second birth. Identifying predictors of these outcomes in second teenage births is essential for developing preventive strategies.
METHODS: Birth certificate data for 1993–2002 were linked to identify second births to Milwaukee teenagers. Predictors of having a low-birth-weight second infant or a preterm second birth were identified using logistic regression.
RESULTS: The same proportion of first and second infants were low-birth-weight (12%), but second births were more likely than first births to be preterm (15% vs. 12%). In analyses that adjusted for demographic, pregnancy and behavioral characteristics, the odds that a second infant was low-birth-weight or preterm were elevated if the mother smoked during pregnancy (odds ratios, 2.2 and 1.9, respectively), had inadequate prenatal weight gain (1.8 and 1.4), had an interpregnancy interval of less than 18 months (1.6–2.9 and 1.4–2.3) or was black (2.7 and 1.7). Women who had received an adequate level of prenatal care had reduced odds of both outcomes (0.6 and 0.4). Women younger than 16 also had increased odds of having a low-birth-weight second infant. Further adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics yielded largely the same results. In addition, women who were unmarried or did not identify a father were at increased risk of both outcomes (1.5 for each), and poor women were at risk of having a low-birth-weight infant (1.3).
CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of poor birth outcomes include modifiable behaviors. Prenatal interventions addressing these behaviors could help improve outcomes.     

Relation of Maternal Low Birth Weight to Infant Growth Retardation and Prematurity

Objectives: This study sought to determine the relationship between maternal birth weight, infant intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity. Methods: Stratified and logistic regression analyses were performed on a dataset of computerized Illinois vital records of African American (N = 61,849) and White (N = 203,698) infants born between 1989 and 1991 and their mothers born between 1956 and 1975. Results: Race-specific rates of small-for-gestational age (weight-for-gestational age <10th percentile) and preterm (<37 weeks) infants rose as maternal birth weight declined. The adjusted (controlling for maternal age, education, marital status, parity, prenatal care utilization, and cigarette smoking) odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of small-for-gestational age for maternal low birth weight (<2500 g) among African Americans and Whites were 1.7 (1.1.4–1.9) and 1.8 (1.7–2.0), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of prematurity for maternal low birth weight (<2500 g) among African Americans and Whites were 1.6 (1.3–1.9) and 1.3 (1.0–1.6), respectively. The racial disparity in the rates of small-for-gestational age and prematurity persisted independent of maternal birth weight: adjusted odds ratio equaled 2.2 (2.1–2.4) and 1.5 (1.4–1.7), respectively. Conclusions: Maternal low birth weight is a risk factor for infant intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity among African Americans independent of maternal risk status during pregnancy; it is a risk factor for infant intrauterine growth retardation among Whites. Maternal low birth weight fails to explain the racial disparity in the rates of small-for-gestational age and premature infants.     

云南省1910名城乡新生儿低出生体重现状及干预对策

新生儿低出生体重(以下简称低出生体重)是5岁以下儿童死亡的常见病因之一。为摸清我省城乡新生儿低出生体重发生率的现状,找出新生儿低出生体重发生的重点人群及主要影响因素并进行重点干预,我们在我省的昆明市、大理市、建水县和大关县对1998年9月～1999年3月出生的新生儿进行了低出生体重抽样调查。结果表明,我省农村低出生体重发生率高于城市和全国平均水平。降低我省新生儿低出生体重发生率的主要干预对象是农村孕产妇。孕周、怀孕中后期食欲、胎数、脐带异常及胎儿性别等因素是造成低出生体重的主要原因,对此探讨了有关的干预对策。     

产妇孕期被动吸烟与低出生体重儿关系

目的为进一步探索低出生体重儿发生的相关危险因素。方法对沈阳市妇婴等 15家医院分娩的部分产妇进行了低出生体重儿的病例对照研究。结果在控制孕妇患慢性疾病、生殖器官的畸形、严重妊娠反应、文化程度以及主动吸烟等混杂因素后 ,孕期被动吸烟分娩出低出生体重儿的危险性为非被动吸烟的 2 .95倍 (95 % CI2 .0 7～ 4 .2 1) ;自然流产、人工流产史、家族低体重史、孕前的 BMI、丈夫饮酒史、孕期服用解热镇痛药物以及职业接触有机物均可能是低出生体重儿的危险因素。结论加强围产期保健 ,控制孕妇被动吸烟及科学调整孕前体重将有利于降低低出生体重儿的发生率