大学生拖延行为与大五人格的关系研究

Objective To study the relationship of the university students' procrastination and big five personality factors.Methods 461 university students were assessed by the simple edition of tuckman procrastination scale(TPS) and the big five personality inventory short form(NEO-FFI).Results TPS score of the student was (48.51 ± 7.66).There were 89.4% students respectively had different level of procrastination behavior.There were no significant differences in university students by the gender(47.95 ±7.84 vs 48.95 ± 7.43 ) ,whether one-child students(48.64 ± 7.49 vs 48.45 ± 7.81 ) and grades.There were significant positive correlation between procrastination and the personality factor of neuroticism( r=0.235, P＜0.01 ) and significant negative correlation with extraversion ( r=-0.180, P ＜ 0.01 ) and conscientiousness ( r =-0.198, P ＜ 0.01 ).The big five personality factors of neuroticism,extraversion and conscientiousness could explain the 14.0% variation of procrastination of university students.Conclusion Procrastination is a very common phenomenon in the university students.The students with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion and conscientiousness of big five personality have more procrastination behavior.     

大学生拖延行为与大五人格的关系研究

Objective To study the relationship of the university students' procrastination and big five personality factors.Methods 461 university students were assessed by the simple edition of tuckman procrastination scale(TPS) and the big five personality inventory short form(NEO-FFI).Results TPS score of the student was (48.51 ± 7.66).There were 89.4% students respectively had different level of procrastination behavior.There were no significant differences in university students by the gender(47.95 ±7.84 vs 48.95 ± 7.43 ) ,whether one-child students(48.64 ± 7.49 vs 48.45 ± 7.81 ) and grades.There were significant positive correlation between procrastination and the personality factor of neuroticism( r=0.235, P＜0.01 ) and significant negative correlation with extraversion ( r=-0.180, P ＜ 0.01 ) and conscientiousness ( r =-0.198, P ＜ 0.01 ).The big five personality factors of neuroticism,extraversion and conscientiousness could explain the 14.0% variation of procrastination of university students.Conclusion Procrastination is a very common phenomenon in the university students.The students with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion and conscientiousness of big five personality have more procrastination behavior.     

2406名农村初中生心理健康影响因素的分析

Objective To find out the factors that influence the mental health of the rural junior middle school students (JMSS).Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan province were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Scale of APGAR, Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health.Results There were no significant difference between JMSS with different gender(P = 0.509 ), family income (P = 0.267 ), occupation of their fathers (P = 0.473 ), occupation of their mothers (P=0.105 ), education background of their mothers (P = 0.266 ).There were statistically significant difference between JMSS of different age (P = 0.000 ), grade (P = 0.000 ), whether their parents going out to work (P = 0.000 ),whether their parents divorced(P = 0.001 ) and education background of their fathers (P = 0.000 ); whether their parents going out to work (r = 0.095 ), life events (r = 0.522 ), family care (r =-0.146 ), the perceived social support (r =-0.186 ), positive coping style (r =-0.020 ), negative coping style (r = 0.369 ) and psychoticism (r = 0.322 ),internal and external(r =-0.132), emotional stability (r = 0.555 ), lie (r =-0.293 ) and self-esteem (r =-0.329)were significantly corrected with psychological health( P ＜ 0.01 ).Except age, grade, whether their parents going out to work and the education background and occupation of their parents,the remaining variables entered the regression equation,which could explained 51.2% of changes of the psychological health(F=227.809, P=0.000).Conclusion In order to promote the development of J MSS mental health, we can give then more care to reduce negative life events in their life,guide them to culture health personality and use active coping styles when encounter difficulties and setbacks through a series of health education, promote the healthy development of their personality.     

2406名农村初中生心理健康影响因素的分析

Objective To find out the factors that influence the mental health of the rural junior middle school students (JMSS).Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan province were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Scale of APGAR, Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health.Results There were no significant difference between JMSS with different gender(P = 0.509 ), family income (P = 0.267 ), occupation of their fathers (P = 0.473 ), occupation of their mothers (P=0.105 ), education background of their mothers (P = 0.266 ).There were statistically significant difference between JMSS of different age (P = 0.000 ), grade (P = 0.000 ), whether their parents going out to work (P = 0.000 ),whether their parents divorced(P = 0.001 ) and education background of their fathers (P = 0.000 ); whether their parents going out to work (r = 0.095 ), life events (r = 0.522 ), family care (r =-0.146 ), the perceived social support (r =-0.186 ), positive coping style (r =-0.020 ), negative coping style (r = 0.369 ) and psychoticism (r = 0.322 ),internal and external(r =-0.132), emotional stability (r = 0.555 ), lie (r =-0.293 ) and self-esteem (r =-0.329)were significantly corrected with psychological health( P ＜ 0.01 ).Except age, grade, whether their parents going out to work and the education background and occupation of their parents,the remaining variables entered the regression equation,which could explained 51.2% of changes of the psychological health(F=227.809, P=0.000).Conclusion In order to promote the development of J MSS mental health, we can give then more care to reduce negative life events in their life,guide them to culture health personality and use active coping styles when encounter difficulties and setbacks through a series of health education, promote the healthy development of their personality.     

水面舰艇军人心理弹性、自我意识、性格与应激水平、心理健康的相关研究

目的 探讨水面舰艇军人心理弹性、自我意识、性格与应激水平、心理健康的关系.方法 采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、自我接纳问卷(SAQ)、一般自我效能感量表((SES)、Wallance自我概念量表(WSCS)、心理应激自评问卷(PSET)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对1451名水面舰艇军人进行整群抽样调查.结果 ①水面舰艇军人有明显心理应激反应的占2.5%,心理健康状况较中国常模差,除强迫和人际敏感因子外,其他因子分数均显著高于中国军人常模(P＜0.01);②SCL-90总分及心理应激与心理弹性、内外向和自我意识显著负相关,与神经质显著正相关.SCL-90阳性军人(SCL-90总分＞160分)在神经质和PSET的得分显著高于阴性组,在RSA、内外向和自我意识的得分显著低于阴性组(P＜0.01);③回归分析结果显示:应激水平、情绪稳定性、自我意识和心理弹性能较好预测军人应激时的心理健康水平,而心理健康水平、情绪稳定性、内外向和心理弹性能较好预测个体的应激水平,解释率分别为35.1%和33.2%.结论 水面舰艇军人存在一定程度的心理应激和心理健康问题,心理弹性、性格、自我意识是影响心理应激和心理健康的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationships among resilience, self-awareness, personality, stress level and mental health in the warship soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults ( RSA), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ), Self Acceptance Questionnaire( SAQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale( GSES), Wallance Self Concept Scale (WSCS), Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test (PSET) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)were used to survey 1451 warship soldiers. Results ① 2.5％ of the warship soldiers reported obvious psychological stress. Mental health of warship soldiers was worse than the norm of China population, except for obsessivecompulsive and interpersonal sensitivity factor. While the scores of other factors were significantly higher than the norm of Chinese soldiers(P＜0.01). ②The total scores of SCL-90, psychological stress and resilience, internal/external had negative correlation with self-awareness, and positive correlation with neuroticism. Compared to the SCL-90-negative group,SCL-90-positive soldiers (SCL-90 total score ＞ 160) had higher scores of nervousness and PSET and lower scores of RSA, internal/external and self-awareness (P ＜ 0.01 ). ③Regression analysis showed that stress levels, emotional stability,self-awareness and resilience were able to predict 35.1％ of mental health in warship soldiers. Mental health, emotional stability, internal/external and resilience were able to predict 33.2％of individual's stress level. Conclusion To some extent, warship soldiers have psychological stress and mental health problems. Resilience, personality, self-awareness are important factors affecting psychological stress and mental health.     

高原集训新兵的心理应激与应对方式和自我效能感的关系

目的 探讨高原某部集训新兵的心理应激状况及其与应对方式和自我效能感的关系,并据此对高原新兵的心理健康教育提出建议.方法 采用问卷调查法,在驻青海某部新兵训练基地按照建制序列随机选取3个新训连队共256名新兵,施测军人心理应激自评问卷、简易应对方式问卷和一般自我效能感问卷.结果 新兵的心理应激反应主要表现为紧张、睡眠不好和身心疲惫;心理应激与消极应对有显著的正相关(r=0.349,P＜0.01),与积极应对和自我效能感有显著的负相关(r=-0.179,P＜0.01;r=-0.210,P＜0.01),而自我效能感则与积极应对有显著的正相关(r=0.532,P＜0.01);消极应对方式与自我效能感对心理应激反应有显著的预测作用.结论 可以通过增强高原新兵的自我效能感,并指导他们采用适当的应对方式来减轻集训期间的心理应激.

Abstract：

Objective To explored the mental stress situations and the relationship between mental stress, coping style and self-efficacy beliefs of the highland training recruits, and suggestions about mental health education of the recruits to be proposed.Methods The solider mental stress self-reported questionnaire, simplied coping style questionnaire, and generalized self-efficacy beliefs scale were administrated to 256 recruits from 3 companies have been randomly selected in a military training base of Qinghai province.Results The mental stress of the recruits included tension, sleepless, physical and mental exhaustion.The mental stress was significant positive correlation with negative coping style( r=0.349, P＜0.01 ), and significant negative correlation with active coping style( r= -0.179, P＜0.01 ), and with self-efficacy beliefs( r= -0.210, P＜0.01 ).Meantime selfefficacy beliefs was significant positive correlation with active coping style( r = 0.532, P ＜ 0.01 ).Negative coping style and self-efficacy beliefs could significantly predict mental stress.Conclusion Through these ways which improving the self-efficacy beliefs and instructing them to use suitable coping style may help the recruits reduce the mental stress.     

基层民警职业压力、工作倦怠与心理健康的关系研究

目的 在基层民警群体中,探讨职业压力、工作倦怠及心理健康之间关系.方法 采用警察职业压力问卷、工作倦怠量表(MBI-GS)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)对300名基层民警进行问卷调查,对251份有效数据进行相关分析及回归分析.结果 职业压力与工作倦怠中的情绪衰竭和玩世不恭呈显著正相关(r=0.365～0.472),与低效能感不相关(r=-0.004);职业压力显著地负向预测心理健康(β=-0.189);工作倦怠及三个维度与心理健康呈显著负相关(r=-0.331～-0.662);职业压力和工作倦怠同时预测心理健康时,只有工作倦怠显著负向预测心理健康(β=-0.698).结论 职业压力和工作倦怠都会影响基层民警的心理健康.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between police' s occupational pressure and their job burnout and health. Methods 251 policemen completed the police occupational pressure questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and general heath questionnaire. Results Occupational pressure was positively related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism( r = 0.365 ～ 0.472 ), and not related to diminished personal accomplishment( r = - 0.004 ). Occupational pressure had negative effect on mental health (β = - 0. 1 89 ). Job burnout and its three dimensionalities were negatively related to mental health( r= -0.331 ～ -0.662). With both occupational pressure and job burnout as predictors of mental health, only did job burnout negatively predict mental health (β = - 0. 698). Conclusion Both occupational pressure and job burnout can predicted policemen' general health.     

应对方式与个性对Graves病发病的影响

目的 探索应对方式、个性特征对Graves病(GD)发病的影响,为预防Graves病提供流行病学依据.方法 采用特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)中文版对临床收集的581名Graves病患者及社区收集的800名健康对照收集资料,应用非条件logistic逐步回归分析进行整体分析,并按照年龄、性别、文化程度进行分层分析,探索应对方式与个性特征对Graves病发病的影响.结果 整体分发现消极应对方式(OR=1.068,P=0.ooo)、掩饰性(OR=1.121,P=0.000)和内外向(OR=1.089,P=0.005)均为Graves病发病危险因素;按照性别、年龄和文化程度分层分析,其结果与整体分析结果基本一致,同时发现积极应对方式为Graves病发病保护因素(各分层分析中OR<1.000,P<0.05),神经质(OR>1.000,P<0.05)为部分人群Graves病发病危险因素.结论 采取积极应对方式和针对性调整个性特征,可以有效预防Graves病发病.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the role of coping styles and personalities in the etiology of Graves' disease (GD). Methods All participants (581 patients and 800 normal controls) completed the general information questionnaires,trait coping style questionnaires(TCSQ) and eysenck personality questionnaires revised,short scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC). Basic characteristics of all subjects were documented, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the role of coping styles and personality in etiology of GD. Results The negative coping style(OR = 1.068,P=0.000) ,concealing character(OR = 1. 121, P=0.000) and internal and external personality (OR = 1.089, P = 0.005) neurotic personality (OR > 1.000, P< 0.05) were risk factors of GD( OR = 1. 162, P = 0.000) ,positive coping style was protective factor of GD( OR < 1.000, P<0.05). Conclusion Positive coping style and specific personality adjustment can prevent effectively onset of GD.     

The effect of military training on anxiety symptoms in Chinese recruits

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in army recruits and the effect of military training on anxiety.Methods A cluster sampling of 1431 new army recruits was conducted.The anxiety level of recruits was determined by Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Adult EPQ questionnaires prior to,one month after,and two months after entering basic military training.Self compiled biographic variables of the recruits were collected before the training.Results The highest BAI score(32.71±7.87) was observed 2 days before training,followed by 1 month after training(31.49±7.75) and 2 months after training(29.87±6.95).BAI score before training correlated with neuroticism and extraversion of recruits,the psychological trauma,suicide feeling and frequency of exercise before recruiting.A significant decrease in the percentage of severe symptom of wobbliness in legs,instability to relax,racing heart,dizziness,fear of the worst happening and trembling hands was observed after 1 month and/or 2 months of military training.Conclusion A higher BAI score and percentage of severe anxiety symptoms were observed before the training which correlated with psychological characteristics of recruits as well as the psychological experience before entering training.A combination of early psychological interference and physical exercise could reduce the anxiety.     

救援军人心理弹性状况及影响因素的研究

目的 研究救援军人心理弹性状况及影响因素.方法 采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和应对方式问卷对1401名救援军人进行整群抽样调查.结果 ①救援军人心理弹性均分为(2.49±0.57)分,显著低于大学生(t=16.619,P=0.000);军龄≥3年的救援军人在社会能力(t=2.581,P=0.01)、社会资源(t=2.158,P=0.031)、计划风格(t=3.254,P=0.001)和RSA总均分(t=2.455,P=0.014)得分显著高于军龄≤2年的救援人员;不同文化程度的救援军人在自我认知(t=3.732,P=0.024)、未来计划(t=9.324,P=0.000)、社会能力(t=8.838,P=0.000)、社会资源(t=13.660,P=0.000)和RSA总均分(t=9.805,P=0.000)上有显著差异,且大学≥高中≥初中.②RSA高分组在内外向(t=16.204,P=0.000)和积极应对(t=18.171,P=0.000)得分均显著高于低分组,而在SCL-90均分(t=8.461,P=0.000)和神经质得分(t=8.833,P=0.000)均显著低于低分组;③救援军人的心理弹性与文化程度(r=0.116)、内外向(r=0.463)和积极应对(r=0.500)有显著的正相关,与SCL-90(r=-0.260)及神经质(r=-0.251)有显著的负相关;进一步进行同归分析发现,积极应对、内外向及神经质对心理弹性有35.9%的预测.结论 救援军人心理弹性水平显著低于大学生,积极应对、内外向及神经质是影响救援军人心理弹性的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To research the resilience and related factors of the rescue soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults( RSA ), Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Coping Style Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 1401 rescue soldiers. Results ①The soldiers' resilience score was (2.49±0.57) ,significantly lower than college students( t= 16.619, P=0. 000).The rescue soldiers with the year in army above 3 were significantly higher than that below 2 years in social competence( t=2.581, P=0.01 ) ,social resources( t=2. 158, P=0.031 ) ,structured style( t=3.254, P=0.001 ) and RSA scores(t=2.455, P=0.014). There exist significantly differences in various education level of the rescue soldiers in perception of self(t=3.732, P=0.024), planned of future ( t = 9.324, P = 0.000 ) , social competence ( t = 8. 838, P = 0.000 ), social resources ( t = 13. 660, P = 0. 000 ) and RSA scores (t=9.805, P=0.000) , and college ≥ senior high school ≥ junior high school. ②Compared to the lower group in the RSA, the higher group scored significantly higher in extraversion (t=16. 204, P=0.000) and positive coping( t = - 18. 171, P=0.000), while lower in SCL-90 (t=8.461, P=0.000) and neuroticism (t=8.833, P=0.000 ).③Resilience have the obvious positive correlation with the education ( r= 0. 116 ), extraversion ( r= 0. 463 ) and positive coping(r=0.500) ,and negative correlation with the neuroticism(r=-0.251 ) and SCL-90( r= -0.260). It can be assumed that positive coping,extraversion and neuroticism had good predictive ability(35.9％) to resilience. Conclusion The rescue soldiers have low resilience than college students, positive coping, extraversion, and neuroticism are important psychological factors for rescue soldiers.     

集训期新兵心理应激及影响因素研究

目的：探讨集训期新兵心理应激及相关影响因素,为新兵心理素质训练和心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查法,整群抽取2013年某部集训期新兵共720名,应用应激反应问卷（SRQ）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、症状自评量表（SCL‐90）进行团体心理测试和分析。结果集训期新兵SCL‐90总分和各因子分均显著低于2000年新兵常模（P＜0．01）;与2004年中国军人SCL‐90常模比较,躯体化、焦虑、恐怖因子分显著高于国内军人,敌对性、偏执因子分显著低于国内军人（P＜0．05）,独生子女及兵源所在地为城镇户口的新兵心理应激反应较重,不同文化程度新兵心理应激总分和各因子分比差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。相关分析结果显示,SCL‐90总分、SRQ总分与情绪稳定性、消极应对方式呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）,与内外倾、掩饰性呈显著负相关（P＜0．01）,SCL‐90总分与SRQ总分呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）。回归分析结果显示,对集训期新兵心理应激有显著预测作用的因子依次为：消极应对、稳定性、内外倾、精神质、是否独生子女。5个变量的决定系数R2＝0．558,F＝163．65,P＜0．01。结论2013年集训期新兵整体心理健康状况良好,个体心理健康状况、个性特征和应对方式对集训期新兵心理应激有显著预测作用。     

中国新兵心理弹性特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解中国部队新兵的心理弹性特点及其影响因素,为部队新兵的心理健康教育和训练提供科学依据.方法 新兵到达部队两周内,采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EpQ)、情绪调节方式问卷(ERS)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对中国大陆范围内来自不同地区的2459名新兵进行调查.结果 ①中国新兵心理弹性状况较好[RSA总均分为(2.94±0.47)分];女新兵RSA总分[(101.76±14.06)分]显著高于男新兵[(96.65±15.62)分,(t=4.13,P＜0.01)];大专及以上文化程度的新兵在RSA总分上显著高于初中及高中文化程度的新兵(P＜0.01);独生子女与非独生子女新兵在RSA总分上无显著差异,仅在RSA组成因子的社会能力(t=2.23,P=0.026)、社会资源(t=2.44,P=0.015)和计划风格(t=2.34,P=0.020)上存在差异.②RSA高分组在性格的内外向(Z=19.13,P=0.000)和情绪的宣泄调节(Z=8.67,P=0.000)及自我效能(Z=19.48,P=0.000)的得分上均显著高于RSA低分组,而在SCL-90(Z=16.28,P=0.000)、神经质(Z=18.14,P=0.000)和情绪的抑制调节因子(Z=3.68,P=0.000)的得分均显著低于RSA低分组.③中国新兵的心理弹性与内外向、宣泄调节和自我效能有显著的正相关,与抑制调节及神经质有显著的负相关.进一步回归分析发现,内外向、神经质、宣泄调节、抑制调节及自我效能对心理弹性有显著的预测力,能解释其变异的41%.结论 中国新兵心理弹性状况较好.情绪调节方式(宣泄调节/抑制调节)、内外向、神经质及自我效能感是中国新兵心理弹性重要的影响因素.     

精神科护士人格特征与心理困扰的关系:心理弹性的中介作用

目的 探讨精神科护士人格特征与心理困扰的关系及心理弹性的中介作用。方法 采用大五人格问卷(BFI)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC 10)和凯斯勒10量表(K10)对192名精神科护士进行问卷调查。 结果 精神科护士K10得分为20.66±5.91,80.7%的精神科护士存在不同程度的心理困扰(K10得分≥16)。K10总分与人格特征中的N维度呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与E维度、C维度、心理弹性呈显著负相关(均P<0.01),心理弹性与E维度、C维度呈显著正相关(均P<0.01),与N维度呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。心理弹性部分中介了神经质与心理困扰的关系,中介效应占总效应的25.4%。 结论 神经质人格与心理弹性是影响精神科护士心理困扰发生的重要因素,心理弹性部分中介了神经质人格对心理困扰的影响。     

伴牙周炎正畸患者的心理学特征:人格对焦虑的调节 作用

目的:调查伴牙周炎正畸患者的人格与焦虑情况,分析人格因素对成人正畸患者焦虑的影响。方法:在天津市口腔医院 正畸科2021年4—9月的成人复诊患者中,依据牙周炎诊断标准分组,收集牙周组（试验组）57例及牙周健康组（对照组）63 例, 共计120例患者。用艾森克人格简式量表（EPQ-RSC）和状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）进行封闭式自我评定,对两组人格及焦虑得 分进行比较,采用相关分析及层次回归分析对全部人格及焦虑得分进行分析。结果:（1）与对照组相比,试验组掩饰性人格得分 较高（Z=-3.317,P<0.01）,其余人格及焦虑得分无显著差异（P>0.05）。（2）神经质人格（r=0.499,P<0.001）、状态焦虑（r=0.805, P<0.001）与特质焦虑呈正相关,内外向人格（r=-0.316,P<0.01）、掩饰性人格（r=-0.219,P<0.05）、文化程度（r=-0.188,P<0.05）与 特质焦虑呈负相关。（3）伴牙周炎正畸患者中神经质人格高分组对焦虑有预测作用（β=0.415,P<0.01）,使牙周炎正畸患者导致特质 焦虑的神经质人格得分临界值为48.70。结论:伴牙周炎正畸患者掩饰性人格显著,神经质人格对特质焦虑起部分调节作用。     

反常失眠症人格特征的病例对照研究

目的：比较反常失眠症患者与原发性失眠症患者及睡眠正常者的人格特征。方法：采用1:1:1配对病例对 照研究,收集2013年3月至12月于四川大学华西医院睡眠医学中心就诊的63位反常失眠症患者为病例组,为每1例病 例组患者配1例原发性失眠症患者和1例睡眠正常的健康对照。所有受试者完成艾森克人格问卷。结果：病例组艾森 克人格问卷精神质维度、内外向维度、神经质维度得分分别为52.1±10.2,49.6±9.8,56.0±12.0。病例组有精神质或精 神质倾向者的比例(31.7%)高于原发性失眠对照组(7.9%)(χ2=11.228,P<0.0125)和健康对照组(0)(χ2=23.774,P<0.0125); 性格外向和外倾者的比例(19.0%)高于原发性失眠对照组(3.2%)(Z=–4.047,P<0.0125),但低于健康对照组(60.3%) (Z=–4.754,P<0.0125);情绪不稳或倾向不稳者的比例(46.0%)高于健康对照组(0)(χ2=37.670,P<0.0125),与原发性失 眠对照组(52.4%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.508,P>0.0125)。结论：反常失眠症患者整体上人格特征未达到明显病态的 水平,有明显高于正常人和原发性失眠患者的精神质倾向,性格较原发性失眠患者更倾向于外向,在神经质特征上 与原发性失眠患者相当,均异于正常人。     

临床痊愈的抑郁症患者生命质量及影响因素的研究

目的 探讨临床痊愈的抑郁症患者的生命质量,并分析其影响因素.方法 筛选150例中国汉族抑郁症患者为研究对象,收集一般人口学资料,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定临床症状严重程度,采用简明健康状况调查问卷(sF-36)和社会支持量表(SSS)评定生命质量及社会支持度.经治疗后定期随访,124例抑郁症患者HAMA、HAMD分值均小于7分,并达到临床痊愈,再次评定SF-36,采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测量其神经质(N)、内外倾性(E)、精神质(P)3个维度.对照组为中国普通人群的生命质量常模.结果 ①临床痊愈的患者生命质量中除生理功能维度(PF)外[(89.23±14.09)分,(87.23±16.81)分,t=1.044,P>0.05],其余7个维度生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、一般健康状况(GH)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)均比治疗前明显改善,差异具有显著性(P<0.01).与对照组生命质量比较,除PF外[(89.23±14.09)分,(89.01±15.73)分.t=1.266.P>0.05],其他7个维度均低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05).②生命质量影响因素采用多元逐步回归分析:神经质型、内外倾性人格、病期焦虑症状严重程度、经济状况、抑郁反复发作以及对支持的利用度对生命质量中的PF、RP、BP、GH、VT、SF、RE、MH7个维度均有影响(P<0.05).结论 ①抑郁症患者经治疗后,生命质量明显改善,但仍低于一般人群.②临床痊愈后抑郁症患者的人格特征、病期焦虑症状严重程度、经济状况、抑郁反复发作、社会支持均影响其生理心理及社会功能.     

高原军人心理弹性状况及影响因素的研究

目的 研究高原军人心理弹性状况及影响因素.方法 采用成人心理弹性量表( RSA)、症状自评量表( SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES),随机选取拉萨和林芝的高原军人756名进行测查.结果 ①高原军人心理弹性状况良好(2.78±0.47)分;不同文化程度的高原军人在未来计划(F=3.261,P=0.039)、家庭凝聚(F=6.428,P=0.002)、计划风格(F=4.135,P=0.016)和RSA总均分(F=4.162,P=0.016)上有显著差异,且大专及以上＞高中＞初中及以下;②RSA低分组在SCL-90( t=10.308,P=0.000)和神经质(t=11.297,p=0.000)的得分显著高于RSA高分组,在自我效能感( t=12.956,P=0.000)和内外向(t=13.004,P=0.000)的得分显著低于RSA高分组;③高原军人的心理弹性与自我效能感和内外向存在显著正相关(r自我效能感=0.48,r内外向=0.46),与神经质和SCL-90存在显著的负相关(r神经质=-0.42,r scL-90=-0.41),进行回归分析结果表明,自我效能感、内外向和神经质对心理弹性具有42％的预测作用.结论 高原军人心理弹性状况良好,自我效能感、内外向和神经质是影响心理弹性的重要因素.     

出生顺序对大学生人格及心理健康的影响研究

目的：了解出生顺序对大学生人格及心理健康的影响状况。方法：调查广州某高校11183名大学生的出生顺序,分析其对人格特征和心理健康的影响。结果：在人格特征方面,独生子女最为外向;长子最为内向（=9.215,〈0.01）,次子次之;在神经质因子上,长子最易焦虑与紧张,次子次之,独生子女情绪最稳定（=3.194,〈0.05）;次子的掩饰性最高,即最容易受社会赞许性的影响,而独生子女掩饰性最低（=7.545,〈0.01）;在心理健康方面,独生子女的心理健康水平最高,长子、次子和幼子的心理健康3者之间没有显著性差异（=7.575,〈0.05）。     

大学生心理弹性及其影响因素分析

目的研究大学生心理弹性及其影响因素。方法采用成人心理弹性量表(resilience scale for adults,RSA)、青少年生活事件量表、症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Ques-tionnaire,EPQ)以及社会支持量表对某大学2085名学生进行整群抽样调查。结果大学生的心理弹性水平较高(M=2.76,SD=0.41);男女生在自我认知(t=2.466,P=0.014)和未来计划(t=3.977,P=0.000)两个因子上存在显著性差异;贫困和非贫困的学生在社会支持因子上存在显著性差异(t=-2.073,P=0.038)。②大学生的心理弹性与社会支持、外向性存在显著的正相关(r=0.394,0.459),与神经质、生活事件、SCL-90总分存在显著的负相关(r=-0.270,-0.170,-0.153)。③外向性、社会支持、神经质及生活事件能显著地预测心理弹性,解释率达29.9%。结论大学生心理弹性状况良好,心理弹性与社会支持、人格特点、生活事件密切相关,能较好地预测大学生的心理健康状况。     

结直肠癌术后患者人格特质与抑郁、焦虑症状的关联性

目的 探讨结直肠癌术后患者人格特质特征与抑郁、焦虑症状的关联性。 方法 选取2018年2月至12月在山东大学齐鲁医院普外科住院的结直肠癌术后患者162例,采用一般情况调查表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、艾森克人格测验成人版、生活方式自评量表于出院前1日分别测量患者的一般情况,抑郁、焦虑症状,外向性、神经质或情绪、精神病性、人格稳定性,生活方式健康状况,使用多元线性回归进行统计分析。 结果 结直肠癌术后患者中,有37.0%存在抑郁症状,40.2%存在焦虑症状。多元线性回归分析结果显示,外向性得分与抑郁(β=-0.492,P<0.001)、焦虑症状(β=-0.336,P<0.001)得分呈负向关联,神经质/情绪得分与抑郁(β=0.166,P=0.016)、焦虑症状(β=0.345,P<0.001)得分呈正向关联。 结论 结直肠癌术后患者的抑郁、焦虑症状、阳性率较高。患者越外向,其抑郁、焦虑症状越轻;越神经质,其抑郁、焦虑症状越严重。