网络成瘾住院患者冲动、攻击性人格特点及治疗转归

目的 了解网络成瘾住院患者冲动、攻击性人格特点以及经过综合性网瘾戒治后转归情况.方法 采用Barratt冲动性量表(BIS)、Buss行为攻击问卷(BAS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)分别对58例网络成瘾住院患者在入院1周内和综合性网瘾戒治3月后进行评估,并与54例正常对照比较.结果 ①IAD组治疗前冲动、攻击量表各因子分以及总分均比正常对照组高[BIS评分(99.3±15.1)分,(75.0±15.4)分,t=8.47,P＜0.01;BAS评分(78.3±24.4)分,(54.8±17.7)分,t=5.87,P＜0.01];治疗后冲动、攻击量表除躯体攻击外,其余各因子分以及总分明显降低但仍比正常对照高[BIS评分(86.3±16.6)分,(75.0±15.4)分,t=4.98,P＜0.01;BAS评分(66.2±22.6)分,(54.8±17.7)分,t=3.65,P＜0.01];②IAD组SCL-90总分与BAS量表总分存在显著相关性(r=0.376,P＜0.01),治疗后SCL-90总分降低值与BAS降低值亦存在相关(r=0.508,P＜0.01).结论 网络成瘾组冲动、攻击性比正常对照组高,经治疗后其冲动、攻击性降低,但仍高于对照组.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the impulsivity and aggressivity,and its treatment outcomes of the inpatients with intemet addiction disorder (IAD) by intergration interview. Methods Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ( BIS), Buss Aggressive Scale (BAS) were used to assess the impulsiveness and aggressivity in 58 IAD patients, at the first week and after the point of intergration interview 3 months,54 normal subjects in the control group were conducted by BIS and BAS only when they were recruited. Results ①The intemet addiction group had significantly higher scores on the BIS and BAS total scores than the control group at the first week ( BIS score 99.3 ±15. 1vs 75.0 ± 15.4, t=8.47, P＜0. 01; BAS score 78.3 ±24.4 vs 54.8 ± 17.7, t=5.87 , P＜0. 01 ). IAD group had lower scores on the total scores of BIS-Ⅱ and BAS after intergration interview than before, but the subscales and total scores were higher than those in the control group ( BIS score 86.3 ± 16.6 vs 75.0 ± 15.4, t =4.98, P ＜ 0.01 ;BAS score 66.2 ± 22.6 vs 54.8 ± 17.7, t = 3.65, P ＜ 0. 01 ). ②Total score of SCL-90 in IAD group were significantly correlated with the BAS total score ( r=0. 376, P＜0. 01 ) ,and the decreased SCL-90 total score was also related with the decreased BAS score ( r= 0.508, P＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion This study suggests that IAD group exhibit more impulsivity and aggressivity than those in the control group. After interview, their impulsivity and aggressivity are significantly decreased, but are still higher than those in the normal control group.     

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P<0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P<0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.     

小学生冲动性人格与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究受虐待小学生冲动性人格的发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Barratt冲动性人格量表(BIS-11),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的冲动性人格和受虐待情况.结果 受虐待者的无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分均高于未受虐待者[冲动性总分(40.39±10.68)分vs(30.34±10.26)分,t =5.96,P ＜0.01],男生的动机冲动性明显高于女生[(28.98±14.42)分vs(24.46±11.52)分,t =2.28,P ＜0.05].躯体虐待、情感虐待和虐待总分与无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分呈正相关(r =0.337～0.514,P ＜0.01),忽视与冲动性人格所有因子和总分呈正相关(r =0.187～0.419,P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01),性虐待仅与动机冲动性呈正相关(r =0.192,P ＜0.05).情感虐待对无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.185～0.395,t =1.975～5.589, P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01),忽视对无计划冲动性、注意冲动性和冲动性总分具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.272～0.294,t =3.037～3.756,P ＜0.01),躯体虐待和性虐待对动机冲动性具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.213,t =3.025,P ＜0.01;Beta值=0.157,t =2.441,P ＜0.05).结论 小学生的冲动性人格与受虐待经历有关,儿童虐待对冲动性人格的形成具有预测作用.     

维持性血液透析述情障碍患者医学应对方式和生活质量的研究

Objective To discuss alexithymia in patients with maintenance hemodialysis and its impact on medical coping style and the ability of daily living. Methods The patients with end-stage renal disease treated by the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) were divided into 2 groups, namely, alexithymia group (total score>60) and non-alexithymia group (total score <50) ,according to the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The Medical response to the questionnaire (MCMQ) and the activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to evaluate the patients. Results The TAS-20 score was (72.31±12.28) in 67 cases of patients with MHD. Among these, 31 cases for TAS-20 total score>60 points ,with an average score (82.37±15.84) and 26 cases for TAS-20 total score <50 points, with an average score (50.17±10.24). There was significant difference (t=8.90, P<0.01). The face factor score of MCMQ was significantly lower in alexithymia groups than that in non-alexithymia group,while the avoidance and subordination factor score was significantly higher than that in non-alexithymia group(P<0.01 or 0.05). The ADL scores and factor scores of the alexithymia group were significantly higher than that of non-alexithymia group,and there was a significant difference (t=3.53, P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that TAS-20 score and the face factor score of MCMQ was significantly negatively correlated with MCMQ e-vasive and subordination factor,and factor scores and ADL score was significantly positively correlated (P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion MHD patients in the alexithymia group tend to use and yield response to avoid negative cop-ing style and less use of active coping style. The quality of life and activities of daily living of MHD patients in alex-ithymia group are worse than that of the non-alexithymia group.     

Effects of Quyu Xiaoban Capsule(祛瘀消斑胶囊) on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Atherosclerosis

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Quyu Xiaoban Capsule (祛瘀消斑胶囊 ,QYXBC) on endothelial dependent vascular relaxation (EDVR) function in patients with atherosclerosis (AS)with ultrasonic technique. Methods: Tested were the endothelial function and blood lipids of 42 patients with AS in the treated group and 30 healthy volunteers in the control group. And re-examination of these parameters was carried out on the AS patients after they had been treated with QYXBC for 10 months. Results: Before treatment, the reactive hyperemia induced changes in artery diameter in the treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01), while insignificant difference was found between the two groups in response to nitroglycerin. In the treated group after treatment, with D%-R improved significantly (P＜0.01), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)decreased by 16.3%, 5.6%, 10.2% respectively and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased by 7.5%. EDVR was correlated negatively with the serum TC, LDL-C concentrations and the baseline brachial diameter (D0) (r = -0.41, -0.66, -0.59, respectively, all P＜0.01), but correlated positively with HDL-C (r = 0.62, P＜0.05). The ameliorative extent of EDVR was correlated positively to the decreased magnitude of TC and LDL-C concentrations ( r = 0.67,0.59, both P＜0.01 ). Conclusion: QYXBC can lower the level of blood lipids and improve significantly EDVR function.     

USE OF PULSE TRANSIT TIME AS A MEASURE OF AUTONOMIC AROUSALS IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of pulse transit time (PTT) arousals as an index of sleep fragmentation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Individuals referred for evaluation of possible OSAHS underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG). Three conventional indices of sleep fragmentation [electroencephalography (EEG) arousals, apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI)], PTT arousals, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were compared. Results PTT arousals were positively correlated with EEG arousals (r= 0.746, P<0.001), AHI (r= 0.786, P<0.001), and ODI (r= 0.665, P<0.001), respectively. But, both PTT arousals and EEG arousals had no correlation with ESS (r= 0.432, P=0.201; r= 0.196, P=0.591, respectively). Conclusion PTT arousals are correlated well with other standard measures estimating severity of OSAHS and potentially a non-invasive marker with which to measure the sleep fragmentation in patients with OSAHS.     

Serum resistin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with overweight and obesity

Objective： To explore the serum levels of resistin and adiponectin in patients with overweight and obesity. Methods： Fifty-eight cases with normal weight and 24 patients with overweight and obesity have taken fasting blood samples for measurements of plasma glucose, plasma lipids, insulin, C-peptide, thyroid hormones, C-response protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Results： The concentrations of resistin in cases with overweight and obesity were significant higher than those in the normal weight cases （16. 01 ± 8. 60 vs 11. 63 ± 9. 05 ng/ml, P = 0. 047）. Pearson relation analysis showed that serum resistin concentrations were positively correlated with age （r= 0. 476, P = 0.019）, but negatively correlated with C-peptide （r=-0.45, P=0. 024）, and adiponectin concentrations were positively correlated with HDL-c （r=0. 463, P=0. 023） and systolic blood pressure （r=0. 409, P=0. 047） in overweight and obesity cases. Conclusion： The concentrations of resistin in cases with over-weight and obesity are higher, and there is no correlation between resistin and blood glucose, blood lipids and insulin, while the serum adiponectin concentrations positively correlated with HDL-c and systolic blood pressure.     

Dynamic changes in myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity in mice with viral myocarditis

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major regulators of collagen degradation involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases of the heart. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in myocardial MMP activity in mice with viral myocarditis (VM), the relationship between MMP activity and both cardiac function and the quantity of myocardial collagen, and the role MMPs playing in the pathological lesions of VM.Methods Sixty-five six-week-old male DBA/2 mice were divided into two groups. Mice in the infected group (n=50) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.14 ml of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3, Nancy strain). Control mice (n=15) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.14 ml of Eagle’s medium. Eight infected mice and three control mice were sacrificed on each of days 3, 7, 10, 21 and 30 after inoculation. MMP activity was measured on an SDS-PAGE substrate gel embedded with type Ⅰ gelatin (zymography). Echocardiographic studies were performed under anesthesia with 3% chloralhydrate administered intraperitoneally (0.01 ml/g-0.015 ml/g). Cardiac systolic function indices, such as peak velocity of the aorta (Vp), flow velocity integral of the aorta (Vi), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS) were determined by echocardiography. Histological cross sections of the hearts were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and myocardial histopathological scores were determined under an optical microscope. The amount of myocardial collagen was measured by means of hydroxyproline quantification. Results In virus-infected mice, both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were significantly higher than in control mice, reaching a peak on day 10 (P&lt;0.01). On day 10, cardiac systolic function indices (EF, FS, Vp, and Vi) were all significantly lower compared both to other stages following viral inoculation and to the control group (P&lt;0.05). In the acute stage, the amount of myocardial collagen in mice with VM was not significantly different from normal control mice (P&gt;0.05). However, the amount of myocardial collagen in infected mice at the recovery stage (on days 21 and 30) was significantly greater than those of the control mice. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities positively correlated with myocardial histopathological scores (r=0.801,0.821, P&lt;0.01) and negatively correlated with Vp (r=-0.649, -0.683, P&lt;0.01) and Vi (r=-0.711, -0.755, P&lt;0.01). However, Vp negatively correlated with myocardial histopathological scores (r=-0.756, P&lt;0.01).Conclusions In mice with VM, the activities of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 increase significantly during the acute stage, and the total quantity of myocardial collagen increases by the time of recovery. These changes are associated with myocardial interstition remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. MMP activity is an important reference marker for myocardial pathological lesions and can be used to evaluate the severity of myocardial interstitial damage and cardiac dysfunction.     

Relationship between serum copper and protein thiols in hyperlipidemic patients

Objective:To measure serum copper and protein thiols along with lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients and to establish the relationship between serum copper,protein thiols and lipid profile parameters.Methods: The study group consisted of 26 newly diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients not associated with any other systemic diseases and 26 age and sex matched healthy controls.Fasting lipid profile was done by enzymatic method using automated analyzer.Serum copper and protein thiols were measured spectrophotometrically.Results: Serum copper and protein-SH levels were significantly decreased in cases(P<0.01,P<0.01) compared to controls.Serum copper correlated positively with protein thiols(r=0.800,P<0.01) and negatively with LDL cholesterol(r=-0.351 P<0.05).Conclusion: Serum copper and protein thiols were decreased in hyperlipidemia and they correlated positively indicating protective role of copper in preventing homocysteinylation of protein and hence in preventing atherosclerosis.     

Cytokines expression and ventricular remodeling and intervention with different doses of carvedilol following rat coronary microembolization

Objectives To explore changes of myocardial pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines after coronary microembolization (CME) in rats. To observe effects of carvedilol at different doses on myocardial cytokines expression and ventricular remodeling. Methods A rat model of CME was created by injecting a suspension of microthrombotic particles generated from rat clots into left ventricle when clamping the ascending aorta. Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 per group): sham-operation group(SO), CME group(ME), low-dose carvedilol intervention group (LCAR,1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1) and high-dose carvedilol intervention group (HCAR, 10.0 mg·kg-1·d-1). A microscopy incorporated with an image analysis software was employed to calculate the number of micro-myocardial infarction (Nmmi) and the area of micro-myocardial infarction (Ammi) in sections with HE-staining, to measure the collagen volume fraction(CVF) in sections with Sirius-Red-staining, to detect the density of expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in sections with immunohistchemical staining, to calculate the myocyte apoptosis rate (Rapo) in sections with TUNEL-staining. Two-dimensional Echocardiography was performed to monitor left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) and ejection fraction (LVEF); and electrophysiolography was utilized to measure left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), maximal positive dp/dt ( LVdp/dtmax), and end diastolic pressure(LVEDP). Four weeks after operation, comparing measurements in ME with those in SO, both Nmmi and Ammi were increased(P<0.01, each); all of the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 were increased (P<0.01,each), both CVF and Rapo were increased (P<0.01,each), both LVEDD and LVESD were increased but LVFS and LVEF were reduced(P<0.01,each), both LVSP and LVdp/dtmax were increased (P<0.01,each), but LVEDP was increased (P<0.01). Comparing with measurements in ME, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 were decreased(P<0.01,each), both CVF and Rapo were decreased(P<0.01,each), LVEDD and LVESD were smaller(P<0.01,each), LVEF and LVFS was higher(P<0.01,each), LVdp/ dtmax were increased and LVEDP was decreased(P<0.01,each), heart rate were slower (P<0.01,each) both in LCAR and HCAR. Except for LVSP, the above-mentioned changes were more remarkable in HCAR than in LCAR(P<0.05). Myocyte interstitial CVF was positively correlated with the expression of IL-ip and TGF-β1(r=0.81 and 0.93, P<0.01), the activity of MMP-9 was obviously positively correlated with the expression of TNF-αand IL-β1(r=0.90 and 0.91, P <0.01), and Rapo was positively correlated with the expression of TNF-α(r=0.88, P<0.01). Conclusions Left ventricle is undergoing progressive remodeling after CME due to abnormal expressions of pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines leading to myocyte apoptosis and interstitial collagen proliferation. Via down-regulating the expressions of these cytokines, Carvedilol intervention decreases myocyte apoptosis, interstitial collagen proliferation and improve ventricular function.     

9～16岁中小学生自我意识与父母养育方式的关系

目的 研究中小学生自我意识与父母养育方式的发展状况和相互关系.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样,对小学四年级至高一319名9～16岁学生进行儿童自我意识量表和父母养育方式评价量表的施测和数据分析.结果 自我意识总分及其除合群以外的分量表,在各年级间差异有显著性(F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),以及除父亲过分干涉,父亲过度保护,母亲过分干涉、过度保护和母亲惩罚、严厉四个因子以外的父母养育方式大部分因子,在各年级间均有差异(F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05).自我意识的最高值[自我意识总分(61.05±9.00)分,行为(13.85±1.94)分,智力与学校情况(11.48±3.10)分,躯体外貌与属性(8.33±2.50)分,焦虑(10.13±2.39)分,幸福与满足(8.38±1.23)分]以及父亲惩罚、严厉,拒绝、否认和母亲拒绝、否认的最低值[分别为(15.08±2.80)分,(7.33±2.23)分和(10.43±3.26)分]均在小学六年级(P＜0.05).父母情感温暖、理解与自我意识总分及其分量表呈正相关(r=0.188～0.389);父母惩罚、严厉,母亲拒绝、否认分别与自我意识总分及其分量表呈负相关(r=-0.112～-0.540);除躯体外貌与属性一个分量表,父亲拒绝、否认与自我意识总分和其余各分量表呈负相关(r=-0.160～-0.420);以上均为显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 中小学生自我意识与父母养育方式相互影响,且均随儿童年龄的增长而呈曲线发展.     

冠心病患者血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变程度相关性分析

目的：观察肾功能正常的冠心病患者血清胱抑素C水平（Cys C）变化,探讨Cys C对冠状动脉病变严重程度的预测价值。方法检测316例肾功能正常的冠心病者及102例无冠心病者Cys C水平,从冠状动脉病变支数、冠状动脉狭窄程度、冠状动脉病变Gensini总评分三方面分析Cys C水平与冠心病之间的关系。结果冠心病组Cys C水平较对照组升高[（1．24±0．32）mg／L vs ．（1．12±0．27）mg／L , P＜0．01）];多支病变组Cys C水平较单支病变组显著升高[（1．31 ± 0．31）mg／L vs ．（1．20 ± 0．32）mg／L ,P＜0．01];冠状动脉严重狭窄组Cys C水平较轻度狭窄组显著升高[（1．29 ± 0．36）mg／L vs ．（1．16 ± 0．23）mg／L ,P＜0．01],且冠心病患者Cys C与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分呈正相关（r＝0．195,P＜0．01）。结论冠心病患者Cys C水平增高,且与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关。血清Cys C水平对冠状动脉病变程度具有一定的预测价值。     

色氨酸羟化酶2基因多态性与反社会人格障碍及其冲动行为的关联研究

目的 探讨色氨酸羟化酶2(Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2,TPH2)基因多态性与反社会人格障碍(Antisocial Personality Disorder,ASPD)及其冲动行为的关系.方法 选取TPH2基因启动子上游多态-703G/T(rs4570625),采用PCR-RFLP基因分型技术测定117例反社会人格障碍患者和142名健康人的TPH2基因启动子上游多态-703G/T分布,运用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)评估其冲动行为.结果 ASPD组TPH2-703G/T基因型和等位基因频率分布和对照组间相比差异均有显著性(分别为x2=7.73,P＜0.05;x2=5.12,P＜0.05).基因型GG和等位基因G与ASPD间存在显著正关联[分别为比数比(OR)=1.458,95%可信区间(95%CI)=1.080～1.968;OR=1.479,95% CI=1.045～2.094].ASPD患者GG、GT、TT三组基因型间BIS总分、注意因子、运动因子差异有显著性(P＜0.05),而无计划因子差异无显著性.两两分析显示GG基因型组BIS-11总分及各因子分[分别为(71.28±7.50)分,(19.60±3.41)分,(25.73±4.92)分,(25.95±4.77)分]均高于GT基因型组[分别为(66.23±8.06)分,(17.79±3.02)分,(23.06±3.84)分,(25.38±4.97)分]和TT基因型组[分别为(66.55±8.49)分,(18.50±3.35)分,(23.45±4.08)分,(24.97±4.90)分],其中BIS-11总分、注意因子、运动因子差异有显著性(P＜0.05).G等位基因组BIS-11总分及各因子分[分别为(69.38±8.04)分,(18.92±3.36)分,(24.73±4.69)分,(25.73±4.82)分]均高于T等位基因组[分别为(66.41±8.22)分,(17.98±3.26)分,(23.27±3.94)分,(25.15±4.89)分],其中BIS-11总分、注意因子、运动因子差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 在中国汉族人群中TPH2-703G/T多态性可能与ASPD存在遗传关联,GG基因型和等位基因G可能与ASPD正关联,并且和冲动行为相关.     

245名男性罪犯冲动行为特征分析

目的 探讨男性罪犯冲动行为的特征,为心理矫治提供理论依据.方法 以南京地区某监狱因暴力、强奸、抢劫等入狱服刑的男性罪犯245名为研究组,某医院健康体检男性187名为对照组,运用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)评估其冲动行为.结果 男性罪犯BIS总分及各因子分[分别为(64.63±9.34)分,(18.16±3.36)分,(25.79±4.18)分.(20.69±3.93)分]均高于对照组[分别为(57.07±7.48)分,(16.67±2.60)分,(22.20±3.75)分,(18.20±3.17)分],差异有显著性(P＜0.01);多重犯BIS总分及各因子分均高于其他组,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05);累犯组BIS总分及各因子得分[分别为(68.59±14.54)分,(19.68±4.92)分,(27.54±6.61)分,(21.37±4.50)分]均高于初犯组[分别为(64.81±10.35)分,(18.01±3.69)分,(25.86±4.60)分.(20.83±4.25)分],其中BIS总分及注意因子得分差异有显著性(P＜0.05);各年龄组间BIS总分及各因子分差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 男性罪犯冲动水平较高,不同案由、犯罪次数、年龄罪犯冲动行为表现不同,评估罪犯的冲动行为有利于了解罪犯的人格特征及心理活动状态.     

医学生社交焦虑与父母教养方式自尊的相关研究

目的 探讨医学生社交焦虑和父母教养方式、自尊的相互关系,为大学生心理健康辅导提供理论依据.方法 采用交往焦虑量表(IAS)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、自尊量表(SES)对医学生346名进行调查.结果 医学生的社交焦虑与父母教养方式的父母情感温暖和理解、自尊水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.162,-0.150,-0.355,P<0.01),与母亲的过度干涉、过度保护、母亲的拒绝否认、母亲的偏爱被试呈正相关(r=0.137,0.127,0.116,P<0.05);且父亲的情感温暖与理解、父亲的过度保护及SES进入回归方程,决定系数分别为0.047和0.123.结论 父母教养方式和自尊水平对医学生的社交焦虑有一定的影响,但影响程度较低.     

新兵大五人格、心理韧性与一般健康的相关研究

目的 探讨新兵大五人格、心理韧性与一般健康之间的关系.方法 采用人格五因素问卷简版(NEO-FFI)、Connor-Davidso心理韧性量表(中文版)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)对某部205名新兵进行问卷凋杳.结果 新兵大五人格中的神经质因子与一般健康呈显著正相关(r=0.50,P<0.001),并对一般健康有显著预测作用(β=0.4,P<0.01);心理韧性中的自强维度与一般健康呈显著负相关(r=-0.51,P<0.001),并部分中介了神经质对一般健康的影响(Sobel Z=2.92,P<0.01).结论 人格特质中的神经质因子是新兵心理健康的危险因子,而自强则是心理健康的保护因子.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the relationship among Big Five-Personality, Resilience and General Health of the new recruits in a certain troop. Methods 205 new recruits completed the questionnaires, which include NEO Five-Factor Inventory ( NEO-FFI) , Connor-Davidso Resilience Meter (Chinese version) , and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results The neuroticism trait of personality positively correlated to General Health( r = 0.50, P<0.001) and significantly predicted mental disease (β =0.4, P<0.01). The self-strengthening dimension of resilience was negatively related to general health ( r = - 0. 51 , P<0. 01 ). Furthermore, self-strengthening played partial mediating role between neuroticism and general health ( Sobel Z =2. 92, P<0. 01). Conclusion The neuroticism trait of personality is a risk factor for new recruits'mental health, while self-strengthening is a protective factor for it.     

自杀未遂者及其一级亲属冲动特质与认知功能的比较分析

背景　自杀是一种自主的、以死亡为目的的复杂行为障碍。近年来认知功能被逐渐作为评估与识别自杀风险的关键靶点,介于基因型和表现型之间的内表型为探究自杀的发生机制提供了新的视角。冲动特质和特定的认知功能与自杀未遂密切相关,但是否可作为内表型有待进一步验证。目的　探讨自杀未遂者及其一级亲属冲动特质及认知功能的特点,为自杀行为的内表型研究提供理论依据。方法　选取2015—2017年因自杀就诊于广东医科大学附属医院心理科或开滦精神卫生中心且符合纳入标准的自杀未遂者47例为自杀未遂组,同期选取自杀未遂组一级亲属47例为亲属组,选取广东医科大学附属医院和开滦精神卫生中心健康体检者55例为对照组。收集研究对象一般资料,采用中文版Barratt冲动量表第二版（BIS-Ⅱ）评估其冲动特质,韦氏记忆测验中的逻辑记忆测验评估其即时记忆与延迟记忆（记忆功能）,记录研究对象Stroop实验错误数、完成各项任务所需时间（注意抑制功能）。结果　亲属组注意力冲动、运动冲动维度得分和中文版BIS-Ⅱ总分高于对照组,即时记忆、延迟记忆得分和错误数低于对照组,黑色念字、矛盾念字、字义干扰唱色、无关词唱色、纯色唱色、矛盾唱色所需时间长于对照组（P<0.05）;自杀未遂组注意力冲动、运动冲动、无计划冲动维度得分和中文版BIS-Ⅱ总分及错误数高于对照组,即时记忆、延迟记忆得分低于对照组,黑色念字、矛盾念字、字义干扰唱色、无关词唱色、纯色唱色、矛盾唱色所需时间长于对照组（P<0.05）。自杀未遂组运动冲动维度得分、中文版BIS-Ⅱ总分与即时记忆、延迟记忆得分呈负相关,与纯色唱色、矛盾唱色所需时间呈正相关（P<0.05）;自杀未遂组无计划冲动维度得分与即时记忆、延迟记忆得分呈负相关,与矛盾念字、矛盾唱色所需时间呈正相关（P<0.05）。一元线性回归分析结果显示,即时记忆、延时记忆得分和纯色唱色、矛盾唱色所需时间均与中文版BIS-Ⅱ总分存在线性回归关系（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,运动冲动维度、无计划冲动维度、即时记忆和矛盾唱色所需时间为自杀的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　自杀未遂者及其一级亲属具有高冲动特质,且存在记忆功能和注意抑制功能受损;冲动水平与记忆功能和注意抑制功能有关;冲动特质、即时记忆、注意抑制功能可作为自杀未遂者的候选内表型。     

精神分裂症患者共情能力及其与执行功能的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者共情能力及其与执行功能的关系.方法 采用人际指针量表(IRI-C)对74例精神分裂症患者进行测试,与69名正常对照者比较,同时作威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、Stroop色词干扰测验和空间n-back测验评估.结果 与对照组相比,患者组IRI-C总分[(46.8±10.0)分,(51.5±9.7)分,(P<0.01)]及观点采择[(9.5±4.2)分,(12.2±3.9)分,(P<0.01]、想象力[(12.5±4.2)分,(15.5±3.8)分,(P<0.01]、共情性关心[(15.9±4.2)分,(17.3±3.4)分,(P<0.05]均显著较低,而个人痛苦[(8.8±5.1)分,(6.5±3.7)分,(P<0.01]则显著较高.WCST、Stroop测验和空间n-back测验各项评分,2组间差异具有显著性意义(均P<0.01).Pearson相关分析显示,IRI-C总分与WCST卡片分类测验的总应答数(r=-0.293)、错误应答数(r=-0.253)和非持续性错误数(r=-0.272)呈负相关(均P<0.05),共情关心分与WCST总应答数(r=-0.326,P<0.01)、错误应答数(r=-0.300,P<0.01)、持续性应答数(r=-0.294,P<0.01)和持续性错误数(r=-0.287,P<0.05)呈负相关,而与概念化水平数呈正相关(r=0.279,P<0.05);IRI-C的幻想力分与Stroop测验的B项(r=-0.299)和C项(r=-0.322)反应时存在负相关(均P<0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者存在广泛共情和执行功能障碍,情感共情水平与执行功能存在某种关联,提示执行功能障碍可能构成患者共情缺陷的病理机制之一.     

分裂型人格倾向与智力的关系研究

目的 探讨分裂型人格倾向与智力的关系.方法 采用中国士兵人格问卷对1905名适龄青年进行检测,根据测量结果将被试分为分裂型人格倾向高危组和正常组.采用语词推理测验、数学推理测验、拼图测验进行智力检测,比较2组被试的智力差异,并计算分裂型人格倾向和智力的相关性.结果 分裂型人格倾向高危组被试在语词推理测验、数学推理测验、拼图测验上的分数[分别为(87.83±18.42)分,(91.74±14.26)分,(87.70±18.82)分],均低于正常组被试[分别为(101.37±13.68)分,(101.65±14.62)分,(101.73±14.26)分],差异具有显著性(P<0.01).分裂型人格倾向与智力间存在相关性,相关系数为-0.39,具有统计学显著性(P<0.01).结论 具有分裂型人格倾向的个体智力水平相对较低,分裂型人格倾向与智力水平存在密切的关系.