罗哌卡因对大鼠离体主动脉收缩作用的钙离子调节机制

目的〓〖HTK〗研究Ca2+在罗哌卡因（ropivacaine）所致血管收缩反应中的调节作用。〖HTW〗方法〓〖HTK〗用等张肌力测定仪和Ca2+ 荧光分光光度计分别测定Wistar大鼠去内膜主动脉血管环和血管段对累积剂量罗哌卡因的收缩反应和细胞内Ca2+浓度（［Ca2+］i）的变化;并观察Ca2+通道阻滞剂尼卡地平(nicardipine)、肌质网三磷酸肌醇受体阻滞剂2-APB和细胞外液低浓度Ca2+对累积剂量罗哌卡因诱发的收缩反应和［Ca2+］i的影响。〖HTW〗结果〓〖HTK〗罗哌卡因诱发剂量关联性双相收缩反应：低浓度（0.03～0.3mmol/L）时肌张力逐渐增强,高浓度（1～3 mmol/L）时收缩张力依次回落。罗哌卡因所产生的这一收缩效应可分别被尼卡地平(1, 5, 10nmol/L)、2-APB (5, 10, 50μmol/L)和营养液中低浓度Ca2+（2, 1和0mmol/L）相关性抑制。罗哌卡因诱发与肌张力变化规律相同的双相［Ca2+］i升高;尼卡地平(10nmol/L)和2-APB(50μmol/L)预处理及营养液中去除Ca2+,明显降低罗哌卡因所诱发的［Ca2+］i的升高幅度。〖HTW〗结论〓〖HTK〗细胞外Ca2+内流和肌质网Ca2+释放所致的［Ca2+］i升高参与了罗哌卡因诱发的血管平滑肌收缩反应。     

大黄素对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

用钙敏感的荧光指示剂Fura－2／Am定量分析大黄素对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内（Ca2 ）i的影响。结果显示：在巨噬细胞悬液中相继加入不同剂量的CaCl2后，（Ca2 ）i明显增高（P＜0．01）。巨噬细胞用适当剂量大黄素予处理10min，使用上述不同剂量的CaCl2后，（Ca2 ）i水平明显增高，该实验进一步提示；大黄素可促进细胞内Ca2 释放，也可促进细胞外Ca2 内流。而且大黄素对［Ca2 ］i的作用呈剂量依赖性。     

钠泵α2亚基介导低浓度哇巴因影响大鼠心室肌细胞收缩力的作用研究

背景 强心苷类（CGs）药物临床治疗心力衰竭因其治疗窗窄使应用受到很大限制。心肌钠泵是CGs药物作用的靶点,然而CGs药物与钠泵相互作用的机制仍有待阐明。目前认为,钠泵的第一个膜外区H1-H2是哇巴因可能的结合位点。目的 利用作用在抗心肌钠泵α2亚基H1-H2膜外区结构域的多克隆WJS为工具,封闭该结合位点,有效拮抗哇巴因对钠泵的抑制作用,比较封闭前后哇巴因对心室肌细胞钠泵活性的影响及心室肌细胞收缩力、细胞内钙的变化,探讨钠泵与哇巴因的作用机制。方法 2013年1月-2015年1月急性分离大鼠心室肌细胞,将心室肌细胞分为4组,1 μmol/L哇巴因组、WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组、1 mmol/L哇巴因组、WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组。1 μmol/L哇巴因组给予哇巴因（1 μmol/L）进行灌流;WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组以WJS（稀释浓度1∶1 000）孵育心室肌细胞0.5 h后,再给予哇巴因（1 μmol/L）进行灌流;1 mmol/L哇巴因组给予哇巴因（1 mmol/L）进行灌流;WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组以WJS（稀释浓度1∶1 000）孵育心室肌细胞0.5 h后,再给予哇巴因（1 mmol/L）进行灌流。采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录钠泵电流（Ip）,观察WJS对哇巴因抑制Ip作用的影响;采用激光共聚焦显微镜测定心室肌细胞游离钙浓度（［Ca2+］i）;采用细胞动缘探测系统测定心室肌细胞收缩力的大小。结果 Western blotting法检测结果显示,纯化后的WJS在电泳时分别出现2条清晰的条带,其分子量均为 110 kD 左右。细胞免疫荧光法测定结果显示,WJS均结合在心室肌细胞钠泵的膜外区,而且这种结合并不被1 μmol/L哇巴因影响,但却被在H1-H2膜外区特异性抗原点具有相同成分的多肽阻断剂RE2取消。WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组高亲和力钠泵电流（Iph）低于1 μmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）;1 mmol/L哇巴因组、WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组Iph高于1 μmol/L哇巴因组和WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组,低亲和力钠泵电流（Ipl）低于1 μmol/L哇巴因组和WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）;WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组Iph高于1 mmol/L哇巴因组,Ipl低于1 mmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）。灌流5、15 min WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组心室肌细胞［Ca2+］i低于1 μmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）;灌流5、15 min 1 mmol/L哇巴因组、WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组心室肌细胞［Ca2+］i高于1 μmol/L哇巴因组和WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）;灌流5、15 min WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组心室肌细胞［Ca2+］i高于1 mmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）。灌流5、15 min WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组心室肌细胞收缩力低于1 μmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）;灌流5 min 1 mmol/L哇巴因组、WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组心室肌细胞收缩力高于1 μmol/L哇巴因组和WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组,灌流15 min心室肌细胞收缩力低于1 μmol/L哇巴因组和WJS+1 μmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）;灌流5、15 min WJS+1 mmol/L哇巴因组心室肌细胞收缩力低于1 mmol/L哇巴因组（P＜0.05）。结论 抗心肌钠泵α2亚基H1-H2膜外区结构域的多克隆抗体WJS取消Iph和低浓度哇巴因所致的心室肌细胞收缩力增强作用,表明钠泵α2亚基介导低浓度哇巴因治疗心力衰竭的作用。     

小鼠表皮角质形成细胞中Ca^2＋对组织型纤溶酶原激活剂表达的调节

目的：探讨小鼠表皮角质形成细胞（KC）中Ca^2 对组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA)表达的调节作用及其与分化的关系。方法：采用免疫组化及原位杂交技术定性，定量检测低Ca^2 (0.05mmol/L)及高Ca^2 （1．5mmol/L)浓度对tPA,tPA mRNA的表达及表皮KC分化的影响。结果：与未经Ca^2＋处理的对照相比，低Ca^2 浓度下培养的表皮KC中，tPA mRNA3及tPA量均增加（P＜0．05），KC分化标记物K10抗原表达为弱阳性，KC胞体较小，细胞形态趋于圆形；而高Ca^2 浓度下的培养表皮KC中，tPA mRNA及tPA量显著增加（P＜0．001），K10抗原呈强阳性表达，KC胞体增大，形态为典型的多角形。结论：Ca^2 浓度的增高促进了tPA mRNA及tPA的表达，并与KC分化有关。     

心衰患者心功能与血淋巴细胞内游离钙浓度的相关性及比索洛尔对二者的影响

目的探讨心力衰竭患者应用比索洛尔后心功能及血淋巴细胞内游离钙（［Ca2＋］i)含量的变化。方法应用超声心动图及荧光分光光度计分别测定40例心力衰竭患者和15例健康人的左室舒缩功能和血淋巴细胞内［Ca2+］i。其中20例心衰患者在强心、利尿、扩血管等治疗基础上加用比索洛尔5 mg/d,另20例仅常规治疗。3周后重复各项检查。结果心衰患者血淋巴细胞内［Ca2+］i显著高于正常对照组。比索洛尔治疗3周后,心功能改善;血淋巴细胞内［Ca2+］i明显降低（P＜0.01）;心功能改善的程度与［Ca2+］i降幅呈正相关(r=0.685)。结论比索洛尔能显著改善心力衰竭患者的心功能,其机制可能与抑制过亢的交感神经活性,逆转心肌细胞内Ca2+超负荷有关。     

盐酸小檗碱对心血管病患者血脂和血糖的影响

目的：研究盐酸小檗碱（Bet）对心血管病患者血脂和血糖的影响。方法：将血脂异常的心血管病患者118例分为治疗组（75例）和对照组（43例）；治疗组给予Ber，对照组给予辛伐他汀治疗；治疗前后测定2组血浆TC、TG、LDL—C、HDL—C、血糖（BG）、载脂蛋白B（αpo—B）、肝肾功能及肝脏B超。结果：治疗组（Ber）TC、TG、BG血浆浓度分别由治疗前后的（6．28±0．18）mmol／L、（3．36±0.24）mmol／L、（7．58±0．65）mmol／L，降至治疗后的（4．62±0．09）mmol／L、（1．75±0．12）mmol／L、（6．15±0．28）mmol／L，治疗前后比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗前后对肝肾功能无明显影响（P〉0．05），25例脂肪肝患者有18例经B超证实恢复正常。两组降TC的疗效比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而降TG的则差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：Ber不但有显著降低TC、TG作用，且对糖尿病和脂肪肝有确实疗效，是安全的调脂降糖药物。     

亲脂性修饰对小檗碱体内调脂活性的影响

目的：观察亲脂性修饰后小檗碱体内调脂活性的变化．方法：以8-烷基小檗碱同系物（Ber—n）为模型化合物,以实验性高脂血症大鼠为实验动物模型,实验分为正常对照组（NC组）,高脂对照组（FC组）和小檗碱组（Ber-0组）,8-丁基小檗碱组（Ber-4组）,8-辛基小檗碱组（Ber-8组）,8-月桂基小檗碱组（Ber-12组）,8-十六烷基小檗碱组（Ber-16组）5个药物组．实验期间NC组给予普通饲料,FC组和5个药物组均给予高脂饲料．用7g/L羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液作为药物溶剂,5个药物组大鼠每日按125mg／kg分别给予灌胃相应药物,NC组和FC组给予同体积药物溶剂．于给药后10d和25d时测定各组实验大鼠血清总胆同醇（TC）、总三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）含量;实验结束时记录计算各组大鼠肝脏指数,肾脏指数,脾脏指数和胸腺指数．结果：在给药10d后与FC组相比较,各药物组血清TC,TG,HDL—C均有一定程度的修复．HDL—CBer-16组（1．22±0．19）mmol／L与FC组（0．95±0．19）mmol／L相比较差异显著（P〈0．05）,但各Ber—n组间的差异不明显．当给药25d后,TC值FC组（11．38±3．41）mmol／L与Ber-8组（6．77±3．26）mmol／L相比较差异显著（P〈0．05）,与Ber-12组（5．24±2．45）mmol／L,Ber-16组（4．78±2．67）mmol／L相比较差异更为显著（P〈0．01）．TG值FC组（1．05±0．37）mmol／L与Ber-12组（0．64±0．25）mmol／L,Ber-16组（0．66±0．23）mmol／L相比较差异显著（P〈0．05）．HDL—C值FC组（1．11±0．21）mmol／L与Bet-8组（1．34±0．20）mmol／L差异显著（P〈0．05）;与Ber-12组（1．49±0．21）mmol／L,Ber-16组（1．48±0．28）mmol／L相比较差异更为显著（P〈0．01）．各药物组的肝脏指数与FC组相比较明显降低且均有显著差异（P〈0．05）．结论：随着烷基链长度的增加,Ber—n     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因敲除对跨膜钙内流的作用

目的　观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体亚型 (AT1a)基因敲除对跨膜钙内流的影响。方法　培养AT1a基因敲除及其野生型对照小鼠的主动脉血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMC)和应用荧光倒置显微镜及钙荧光指示剂Fura 2 /AM动态观测VSMC的钙离子 [Ca2 ]i变化。结果　在血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )刺激下钙内流显著增加 ,AT1a 敲除组VSMC钙净增值为 ( 2 0 4± 2 2 )nmol/L、基础 [Ca2 ]i为 ( 10 8± 9)nmol/L野生型对照VSMC钙净增值为 [( 194± 19)nmol/L ,基础 [Ca2 ]i为 ( 110± 7)nmol/L](P <0 0 1) ,应用钙通道阻滞剂硝苯啶和三磷酸鸟苷 γs能明显抑制AngⅡ介导的细胞钙增加 ,但G抑制蛋白的阻断剂百日咳毒素却能明显增强AngⅡ介导的细胞钙增加。结论　AT1a基因敲除后 ,AngⅡ介导的钙内流主要通过L 型钙通道 ,并受百日咳毒素的调节。     

兰索拉唑对2型糖尿病患者血糖及胃泌素的影响

目的 观察兰索拉唑能否缓解2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者口服二甲双胍引起的胃肠道不适,并探讨其对血糖、血清胃泌素(Gastrin)的影响及其可能的机制。方法 将51例患者分为兰索拉唑组（n=26）和对照组（n=25）,观察治疗前后空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、Gastrin、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血脂、肝肾功及尿酸（UA）的变化。结果 兰索拉唑组治疗后胃部不适症状明显减轻,有效缓解率95.0%,症状缓解时间（3.05±1.07）d;空腹胃泌素水平较治疗前升高［(158.26±11.85) vs (95.61±4.48)ng/L,P＜0.05］,治疗后FBG［(7.22±0.45) vs (7.70±0.29)mmol/L,P＜0.05］和HbA1C［(7.28±0.76)% vs (7.85±0.05)%,P＜0.05］均显著低于对照组;治疗前后,兰索拉唑组FBG的变化［(1.16±0.62）vs (0.51±0.45)mmol/L,P＜0.05］及HbA1C的变化［(0.64±0.50) vs (0.33±0.43) mmol/L,P＜0.05］均较对照组具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。相关回归分析显示,兰索拉唑组治疗后Gastrin升高与其HbA1C下降相关（r=-0.605,P＜0.05）。结论 兰索拉唑可以改善二甲双胍引起的胃部不适并能降低T2DM患者血糖水平,其作用可能与Gastrin的升高有关。     

消炎痛在胆色素结石形成中作用的实验研究

观察了消炎痛在豚鼠胆色素结石形成过程中的作用。实验动物随机分为三组：对照组C，胆总管狭窄组［s］和胆总管狭窄＋消炎痛组［s＋I。实验结果与［c］和［s＋I］组相比，［s］组胆汁中的Ca2、Na、总蛋白和胆红素显著增高，K浓度减低（P＜0．05～P＜0·01）。胆固醇浓度元差异。［s］组的胆囊成石率显著高于［c］和［S＋I］组（P＜0．01）。胆汁SDS-PAGE显示［S］组蛋白电泳谱带多于［C］和［S＋I］组。这两组无统计学差异。提示消炎痛可以延缓胆囊胆色素结石的形成并有可能用于治疗胆囊结石。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.