营养状况对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺通气功能的影响

为了解营养状况对慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者通气功能的影响，对１５０例ＣＯＰＤ患者进行肺通气功能测定，其中９３例体重正常，５７例体重明显减轻（营养不良）。结果显示营养不良组与体重正常组比较，其中ＭＶＶ，ＦＶＣ，Ｖ７５，ＰＥＦ等反映呼吸肌力以及大气道功能的指标相差非常显著（Ｐ〈０．００１），而ＭＭＥＦ，Ｖ５０Ｖ２５等反映小气道功能的指标两组无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．２）。并且两组在ＣＯＰＤ病程同一阶段     

高压氧综合治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的肺通气功能影响

目的：探讨高压氧（HBO）＋超短波综合治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患的肺通气功能的影响，以寻找稳定期COPD康复的新技术。方法：采用自身对照的研究方法，对接爱HBO综合治疗的129例稳定期COPD患，治疗前后分别测定肺通气功能和血气分析指标，对测定结果进行前后对比分析。结果：经HBO综合治疗后，COPD患的肺通气功能各项指标均有不同程度的提高（P＜0．05），动脉血氧分压（PaO2)的提高和二氧化碳分压（PaCO2)的降低均有统计学意义。结论：HBO＋超短波综合治疗稳定期COPD，具有改善肺通气功能，解除其气流受限的生理功能损害的作用，是COPD康复的又一新方法。     

超短波治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者细胞因子变化的影响

目的：观察超短波疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(cgribuc ibstryctuve oyknibart dusease，COPD)患者气道炎症的影响，探讨超短波治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制。方法：随机选取74例急性发作期COPD患者，根据治疗方法不同随机分为超短波治疗组(常规治疗+超短波治疗)42例，对照组(常规治疗)32例。两组病程、病情及常规治疗同质，治疗前后分别检测2组患者血液中白介素8(interleukin—8，IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis faetor-α，TNF-α)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte，G-CSF)。结果：对照组治疗前后IL-8[(236．10&;#177;52．60)ng／L和(197．90&;#177;62．80)ng／L]，G—CSF[(120．75&;#177;21．32)ng／L和(109．92&;#177;22．96)ng／L]差异有显著性意义(t=1．93，1．95；P均&;lt;0．05)；TNF-α[(38．01&;#177;7．10)pmol／L和(36．85&;#177;4．08)pmol／L]差异无显著性意义(t=1．47；P&;gt;0．05)。超短波治疗组患者治疗前后IL-8[(232．36&;#177;76．34)ng／L和(108．48&;#177;40．50)ng／L]，TNF-α[(39．96&;#177;6．01)pmol／L和(27．50&;#177;3．88)pmol／L]，G-CSF[(125．40&;#177;21．93)ng／L和(96．52&;#177;19．01)ng／L]，差异均有显著性意义(t=1．92，1．97，1．89；P均&;lt;0．05)；与对照组比较上述3项指标差异亦有显著性意义(t=1．98，1．87，1．89；P&;lt;0．05)。结论：超短波通过降低气道炎症，改善COPD患者的肺功能，可用于急性期COPD症状的缓解。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺常规通气的改善分析

目的：探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺常规通气的改善情况。方法：选择119例符合人选标准的COPD患者，随机分为治疗组（60例）和对照组（59）例，治疗组在常规治疗基础上。加用NAC（200mg。每日13次。连用2月）；对照组仅给予常规治疗。观察两组2百常规肺通气功能的变化。结果：2月后，治疗组第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVE）、和最大自主通气（MVV）较治疗前有显著改善（P〈0．05）。对照组治疗前后无明显改善（P〉0．05）。结论：COPD稳定期患者，治疗加用抗氧化剂NAC可改善机体的通气功能。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的机械通气治疗

慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (ＣＯＰＤ)是具有气流阻塞特征的慢性支气管炎和 (或 )肺气肿。气流阻塞进行性发展 ,但部分有可逆性 ,可伴有气道高反应性。所有病理生理的异常均缘于气道阻力增加 ,从而导致流速受限、气体陷闭。严重ＣＯＰＤ患者过度通气使横膈平坦 ,横膈与胸壁接合区减少 ,     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的肺保护性通气研究

目的 研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者进行小潮气量机械通气的肺保护效果。方法 35例COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者分为小潮气量组(17例)和常规潮气量通气组(18例)，观察两组患者机械通气后支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF—α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的变化，机械通气期间发生呼吸机相关性肺损伤的情况，机械通气时间、平均住院时间及最终预后情况。结果 两组患者在存活率方面差异无显著性意义；小潮气量组机械通气后BALF中TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8的水平明显低于常规通气组；小潮气量组气压伤发生率、机械通气时间、住院时间也明显少于常规通气组。结论 对于COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者，选用小潮气量进行机械通气，可以减轻机械牵拉诱发的细胞因子释放，减轻机械通气相关性肺损伤，缩短机械通气时间和住院时间。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭患者的机械通气治疗分析

研究选择的慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,在常规治疗的基础上,对照组采取有创人工气道机械通气(ETMV)治疗,观察组采用无创面罩机械通气(FMMV)治疗,回顾相关临床资料。观察组总有效率显著优于对照组(P<0.05);呼吸频率、PaCO2水平、PaO2水平、SpO2水平改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。把握临床指征,采用无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭,可显著改善临床症状,促进疾病康复。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期细胞因子检测的意义

目的：探讨白细胞介素－８（ＩＬ－８）和α－肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）气道炎症中的作用。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测１０例ＣＯＰＤ急性发作期和１０例正常对照组痰及血清的ＩＬ－８和ＴＮＦ－α水平。结果ＬＣＯＰＤ患者痰ＩＬ－８水平（１９８２．２４±９０１．０７）ｎｇ／Ｌ均显著高于正常人痰ＩＬ－８（７６８．６０±５７０．１４）ｎｇ／Ｌ和ＴＮＦ－α水平（２３．９０     

炎症因子与慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种具有气流受限特征的疾病,呈进行性发展,与肺部对有害气体或有害颗粒的慢性异常炎症反应有关,其发病率及病死率近年来呈增加趋势。其发病机制复杂,炎性细胞释放的多种细胞因子和炎症介质在COPD气道炎症中起重要作用,并越来越受到人们关注。现就几种炎症因子和介质与COPD的发病关系作一综述,以提高对COPD炎症状态的认识,为其治疗开创新的思路。1炎症细胞和病理COPD是以气道、肺实质和肺血管的慢性炎症为特征,在肺的不同部位有肺泡巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞(尤其是CD8 细胞)和中性粒细胞增加。激活的炎症细胞…     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者BODE指数与炎性因子的相关性分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者全身炎症反应与BODE指数的关系及意义.方法 采集60例稳定期COPD患者BODE评分,并检测其血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)及C反应蛋白(CRP).对BODE指数与炎性因子的相关性进行分析.结果 BODE评分与TNF-α存在明显正相关(r=0.455,P＜0.01),与IL-8也存在正相关(r=0.303,P＜0.05),与CRP无明显相关性(r=0.111,P=0.398);IL-8与体质量指数(r=-0.417,P＜0.01)、第一秒用力呼气容积(r=-0.538,P＜0.01)、6 min步行距离(r=-0.419,P＜0.01)均呈明显负相关;TNF-α与体质量指数(r=-0.262,P＜0.05)、第一秒用力呼气容积(r=-0.348,P＜0.01)、6 min步行距离(r=-0.334,P＜0.01)均呈明显负相关.结论 BODE指数作为COPD的多维评价系统,与体内炎症反应状态有相关性,提示COPD患者的全身炎症反应可能参与了全身效应的发生发展.     

多位点联合抗感染治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中的应用

目的探讨多种作用位点的抗炎药物联合应用在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期中的』临床疗效。方法将40例COPD稳定期患者随机分为2组,对照组吸入沙美特罗氟替卡松,治疗组在对照组基础上加用孟鲁司特钠、低剂量茶碱,治疗3个月后评价2组患者的肺功能、COPD评估测试（CAT）评分结果,并记录治疗期间2组患者急性加重例数和药物不良反应。结果治疗组的肺功能、CAT评分均较治疗前改善,且显著优于对照组。对照组急性加重例数虽大于治疗组,但差异无统计学意义,对照组未出现药物不良反应,治疗组药物不良反应轻微。结论在沙美特罗／氟替卡松吸入治疗基础上口服孟鲁司特、低剂量茶碱能进一步改善COPD稳定期患者的肺功能,提高生活质量。     

Effects of ventilation strategy on distribution of lung inflammatory cell activity

Introduction

Leukocyte infiltration is central to the development of acute lung injury, but it is not known how mechanical ventilation strategy alters the distribution or activation of inflammatory cells. We explored how protective (vs. injurious) ventilation alters the magnitude and distribution of lung leukocyte activation following systemic endotoxin administration.

Methods

Anesthetized sheep received intravenous endotoxin (10 ng/kg/min) followed by 2 h of either injurious or protective mechanical ventilation (n = 6 per group). We used positron emission tomography to obtain images of regional perfusion and shunting with infused ¹³N[nitrogen]-saline and images of neutrophilic inflammation with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG). The Sokoloff model was used to quantify ¹⁸F-FDG uptake (K_i), as well as its components: the phosphorylation rate (k₃, a surrogate of hexokinase activity) and the distribution volume of ¹⁸F-FDG (F_e) as a fraction of lung volume (K_i = F_e × k₃). Regional gas fractions (f_gas) were assessed by examining transmission scans.

Results

Before endotoxin administration, protective (vs. injurious) ventilation was associated with a higher ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂) (351 ± 117 vs. 255 ± 74 mmHg; P < 0.01) and higher whole-lung f_gas (0.71 ± 0.12 vs. 0.48 ± 0.08; P = 0.004), as well as, in dependent regions, lower shunt fractions. Following 2 h of endotoxemia, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratios decreased in both groups, but more so with injurious ventilation, which also increased the shunt fraction in dependent lung. Protective ventilation resulted in less nonaerated lung (20-fold; P < 0.01) and more normally aerated lung (14-fold; P < 0.01). K_i was lower during protective (vs. injurious) ventilation, especially in dependent lung regions (0.0075 ± 0.0043/min vs. 0.0157 ± 0.0072/min; P < 0.01). ¹⁸F-FDG phosphorylation rate (k₃) was twofold higher with injurious ventilation and accounted for most of the between-group difference in K_i. Dependent regions of the protective ventilation group exhibited lower k₃ values per neutrophil than those in the injurious ventilation group (P = 0.01). In contrast, F_e was not affected by ventilation strategy (P = 0.52). Lung neutrophil counts were not different between groups, even when regional inflation was accounted for.

Conclusions

During systemic endotoxemia, protective ventilation may reduce the magnitude and heterogeneity of pulmonary inflammatory cell metabolic activity in early lung injury and may improve gas exchange through its effects predominantly in dependent lung regions. Such effects are likely related to a reduction in the metabolic activity, but not in the number, of lung-infiltrating neutrophils.     

Continuous positive airway pressure and high-frequency independent lung ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases

The original hypoxemia, hypercapnia, high pulmonary hypertension, high resistance of microcirculation vessels, right volumetric ventricular overload, persistent sub-edema of pulmonary intersticium as well as disparity of ventilation and perfusion between both lungs are the main problems in patients with chronic obstructive disease of the lungs (CODL). Such patients are, as a rule, intolerant to the independent lung collaboration or artificial single-stage ventilation (ASV). Patients with respiratory insufficiency, stages 2 and 3, and with a pronounced impaired type of ventilation have originally a deranged blood gas composition, like hypoxemia or hypercapnia. The application of volume-controllable bi-pulmonary ASV in such patients maintains an adequate gas exchange hemodynamics. However, ASV is accompanied by a significantly reduced gas-exchange function of the single ventilated lung and by essentially worsened intrapulmonary hemodynamics. Therefore, what is needed is to use alternative methods of independent lung ventilation in order to eliminate the gas-exchange impairments and to enable surgical interventions at thoracic organs in such patients (who are intolerant to ASV). A choice of a method and means of oxygen supply to the independent lung is of great importance. The possibility to avoid a high pressure in the airways, while maintaining, simultaneously, an adequate gas exchange, makes the method related with maintaining a constant positive pressure in the airways (CPPA) a priority one in case of CODL patients. The use of constant high-frequency ventilation in the independent lung in patients with obstructive pulmonary lesions does not improve the gas exchange or hemodynamics. Simultaneously, a growing total pulmonary resistance and an increasing pressure in the pulmonary artery are observed. Consequently, the discussed method must not be used for the ventilation support of the independent lung in patients with the obstructive type of the impaired external breathing function.     

肺癌放疗患者病感症状群与炎性细胞因子的相关性研究

目的调查分析肺癌患者放疗期间病感症状群与炎性细胞因子的关系,从免疫学机制上明确病感症状群的内部症状。方法 2014年2月-2016年2月选择在我院接受放射治疗的肺癌患者作为研究对象。于放疗前、放疗后2周、放疗后4周及放疗结束时分别填写调查问卷,包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、疼痛及疲乏视觉模拟评分(VAS);于相同时期分别采集患者静脉血,检测细胞因子(IL-6、IL-1β)水平。结果随着放疗的进展,肺癌患者睡眠障碍、疼痛、疲乏程度呈逐渐上升的趋势,焦虑、抑郁程度呈先下降后上升的趋势(P0.05)。放疗结束时,肺癌患者睡眠障碍、焦虑、抑郁、疲乏均与IL-6水平呈正相关(P0.05)。结论肺癌患者放疗结束时病感症状群由睡眠障碍、焦虑、抑郁、疲乏组成。临床护理人员在放疗前、放疗中期有效评估肺癌患者病感症状群的阳性症状,及时发现、及早干预,可避免后期症状加重或叠加作用。