The influence of acetylsalicylic acid on the transepithelial potential difference of gastric mucosa in children

Summary The gastric transepithelial potential difference seems to be a sensitive parameter of the integrity of gastric mucosa. The administration of acetylsalicylic acid in adults causes a rapid and significant decrease in gastric potential difference, whereas in children this characteristic reaction fails to occur.Abbreviations PD potential difference - ASA acetylsalicylic acid - DAB 7 Deutsches Arzneibuch 7 - SEM Standard error of means     

Effect of cimetidine and antacid on gastric microbial flora.

The effect of a standard regimen of cimetidine on the gastric flora of 20 male volunteers was studied in a double-blind manner and compared with the effects of a standard antacid regimen. Postprandial microbial titers in gastric aspirates were significantly higher at 4, 8, and 16 weeks of therapy in subjects taking antacids and at 4 weeks in subjects taking cimetidine when compared with their pretreatment titers. Although not significant, there was a tendency for fasting microbial titers to be higher in subjects receiving cimetidine as compared with pretreatment titers. The higher titers were primarily related to increases in survival of mouth flora (viridans streptococci and Neisseria spp.); Enterobacteriaceae and other nitrate-reducing organisms were unusual isolates. There was no significant difference in the total titers or types of organisms isolated when subjects taking cimetidine were compared with those taking antacid.     

环氧合酶-2抑制剂对盐酸诱导大鼠胃粘膜损伤后上皮细胞增殖和愈合的影响

目的:探讨特异性和非特异性环氧合酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂,对盐酸诱导胃粘膜损伤后上皮细胞增殖和损伤愈合的影响。方法:大鼠胃内给予06mol/LHCl1mL后,胃内给予NS-398或吲哚美辛,Westernblot和免疫组化法分析盐酸灌胃前、后胃粘膜COX-2表达,免疫组化检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)评价上皮细胞的增殖状态,小格图纸法计算胃损伤指数(LI)。结果:盐酸灌胃后,COX-2在胃粘膜表层上皮细胞和腺颈部成体干细胞高表达。盐酸灌胃后24h,NS-39840mg/kg组及吲哚美辛组PCNA标记指数(PCNA-LI)分别为(22.72±4.33)%和(21.98±5.18)%,明显低于对照组(34.46±3.61)%(P<0.05);NS-3984mg/kg组和40mg/kg组LI分别为(1.28±0.58)%和(1.16±0.56)%,显著高于对照组(0.58±0.24)%(P<0.05)。结论:COX-2抑制剂抑制胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖,延迟大鼠胃粘膜损伤的愈合,提示COX-2表达在胃粘膜再生过程中起重要作用。     

Effect of deprivation duration and prefeeding on gastric stress erosions in the rat

To assess the potentiating effects of food deprivation on gastric stress erosions, rats were food deprived for 9, 18, 48 or 144 hr and then subjected to cold-restraint. Comparison of each of these groups with a stressed, but nondeprived control group, revealed no significant differences in gastric erosions. It was suggested that many of the control animals, though not deprived, may not have had full stomachs during the stress and this may have masked the true potentiating effects of deprivation. In a second experiment, rats were divided into two groups and deprived, respectively, for 18 and 48 hr. These groups were subdivided and for 1 hr preceding stress, half were given food. This prefeeding significantly reduced glandular erosion scores, and there was a significant inverse relationship within the prefed groups between the amount of weight gained over the prefeeding hour and the subsequent erosion level. It was concluded that the potentiation of stress erosions by food deprivation occurs by virtue of the empty stomach associated with the deprivation rather than other concomitant changes. With respect to ruminal effects, nonstressed groups deprived for 48 and 144 hr allowed the conclusion that prolonged deprivation (144 hr) produces minor glandular effects but extensive damage to the rumen.     

Effect of oligofucose derivatives on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats

This study attempted to enhance the anti-ulcer activity of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus TOKIDA by chemical modification with a hydrophobic group. The suitable number of fucose residues in the effective compound was also clarified to obtain a compound of constant quality. Degraded fucoidans were coupled with several hydrophobic groups via Schiff bases, and their anti-ulcer activities were determined by acetic acid-induced ulcer models in rats. Size-fractionated oligofucose was also modified and assayed for anti-ulcer activity. Among the modified oligofucoses, only the oligofucose-dodecylaniline combination (OFDA) significantly promoted ulcer healing. The effective dose was 0.2 mg/kg/d. The most suitable number of fucose residues in the compound for the anti-ulcer activity was determined to be around 12. We succeeded in enhancing the anti-ulcer activity of Cladosiphon fucoidan by modification with dodecylaniline. The activity of this compound was comparable or greater than that of typical anti-ulcer agents. By determination of the optimal OF chain length for the anti-ulcer activity of OFDA, it became possible to obtain OFDA of constant quality.     

川芎嗪对不同状态大鼠胃粘膜血液动力学的影响

用反射光谱法探讨了川芎嗪对不同状态大鼠胃粘膜表层微循环血液量(AEr),Hb氧饱和度(F)的影响,用氢气清除法测定了川芎嗪对胃粘膜微循环障碍大鼠胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)的影响,同时也观察了川芎嗪对出血应激性溃疡形成的作用。结果表明①川芎嗪对正常麻醉大鼠胃粘膜△Er和F值无显著影响,较大剂量时呈一过性下降;②川芎嗪(4mg·100~(-1)g,j.v.)使失血性休克大鼠胃粘膜F值明显增加,注后10分钟时由注前13±10((?)±SD)增至22±5(P<001),△Er不变,表明胃粘膜表层血液灌注明显增加;③川芎嗪能提高LTC_4诱导的胃粘膜微循环障碍时的胃粘膜血流量,注后10分钟时由注前0.521±0.079增至0.979±0.174ml.min~(-1)·100~(-1)g。④川芎嗪对急性失血应激性胃粘膜损伤有保护作用。     

Effect of cimetidine on pentagastrin- and meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin before and after one month of daily cimetidine treatment

Conclusions Compared to the pretreatment studies, after 1 month of daily C: (1) 300 mg of oral C produced significantly less inhibition of peptone-stimulated gastric acid secretion (Table 1); (2) serum gastrin response to PM was significantly greater; and (3) the duration of the inhibitory effect of 300 mg of C i.v. on PG-stimulated gastric acid secretion was significantly shortened (Table 1).     

白桦酯酸对人CIK细胞杀伤胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的功能影响及机制研究

目的 观察白桦酯酸作用前后对人CIK细胞增殖及对胃癌SGC-7901细胞杀伤活性的影响,探讨其发生的机制.方法 分离健康者外周血单个核细胞( PBMC)在体外经多种细胞因子诱导为CIK细胞,收集培养第10天的CIK细胞,给予不同浓度白桦酯酸诱导48 h,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测人CIK细胞增殖率;流式细胞术(FCM)检测白桦酯酸作用前后CIK细胞穿孔素(PFP)、颗粒酶B(GrB)、CD107a的表达变化;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法测定白桦酯酸对CIK细胞杀伤胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的活性影响;Western blot检测药物诱导前后CIK细胞胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)和接头蛋白76KD含有SH2结构域的白细胞特异性磷酸蛋白(SLP-76)、T细胞活化连接分子(LAT)的表达变化.结果 白桦酯酸浓度在0.08 ～ 10μg/ml时能促进CIK细胞生长;经白桦酯酸诱导后的CIK细胞PFP、GrB、CD107a的表达显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的杀伤活性亦显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);经白桦酯酸作用的CIK细胞,其SLP-76、LAT、ERK1/2的表达不同程度增加,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 白桦酯酸在一定浓度范围内能够促进CIK细胞增殖,并增强其对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的杀伤活性,其机制可能与活化SLP-76、LAT、ERK1/2,上调CIK细胞表面PFP、GrB、CD107a的表达有关.     

孜然总黄酮抗实验性胃溃疡作用及机制研究

目的:研究孜然总黄酮对大鼠实验性胃溃疡的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:选择幽门结扎型、乙醇损伤型及利血平诱导型溃疡模型,以胃液量、胃液pH值、溃疡指数和溃疡抑制率为指标观察孜然总黄酮对实验性胃溃疡的影响,并选用胃泌素(GAS)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和表皮生长因子(EGF)的含量为指标探讨其作用机制。结果:孜然总黄酮对3种实验模型溃疡有极显著抑制作用(P0.01),且3个模型中低剂量组抑制率均高于高剂量组,但效果不如西咪替丁组。与模型组相比,孜然总黄酮高、低剂量组可明显降低胃液量、游离酸度、总酸度以及总酸排出量(P0.01),且能显著剂量依赖性地提高大鼠血清中PGE2和EGF的含量,降低GAS的含量。结论:孜然总黄酮可能通过调节胃黏液分泌以及PGE2、EGF和GAS的含量对实验性胃溃疡起抑制作用。     

隔核ghrelin对糖尿病胃动力障碍大鼠胃运动影响及下丘脑弓状核的潜在调控机制

 目的：研究隔核ghrelin对糖尿病(DM)大鼠胃运动的调控, 并探讨下丘脑弓状核与隔核间ghrelin通路对胃运动的调控机制。方法：链脲佐霉素腹腔注射制备DM大鼠模型;荧光免疫组化和real-time PCR方法检测DM大鼠隔核内ghrelin受体GHS-R1a表达变化;大鼠胃表面固定感应片在体记录胃运动并计算胃运动变化率;荧光金逆行示踪方法显示下丘脑弓状核和隔核间纤维联系,并采用中枢注射药物、核团损毁或电刺激等方法观察核团纤维联系对DM大鼠胃运动的调控作用。结果：（1） DM大鼠隔核GHS-R1a表达低于正常大鼠（P<0.05）,胃运动明显减弱,胃收缩幅度和频率显著降低（P<0.05）。（2）隔核注射ghrelin增强正常和DM大鼠胃运动（P<0.05）,且呈量效关系。（3） 荧光金在注射入隔核7 d后逆行至弓状核内神经元,其中部分神经元为ghrelin免疫阳性神经元;（4）正常大鼠体内,损毁隔核对胃运动和电刺激弓状核引起的胃运动变化无显著影响（P>0.05）;而对DM大鼠,损毁隔核减弱胃运动和电刺激弓状核后胃运动（P<0.05）。（5）隔核微量注射ghrelin受体阻断剂［D-Lys-3］-GHRP-6未显著改变正常大鼠电刺激弓状核后胃运动变化（P>0.05）,但可减弱DM大鼠电刺激弓状核引起的胃运动变化（P<0.05）。结论:隔核ghrelin和下丘脑弓状核-隔核间ghrelin通路在糖尿病大鼠胃运动调控中发挥重要作用。     

Effect of atropine and cimetidine combinations on pentagastrin stimulated maximal gastric acid secretion in man

Recently it has been reported that anticholinergics were able to increase the inhibitory effect on gastric secretion of specific histamine H2-receptor antagonists. The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of increased inhibition of gastric acid secretion and also to introduce an exact method for measuring the gastric acid output. Maximal gastric acid secretion provoked by continuous pentagastrin infusion 3.4-4.0 micrograms X kg-1 h-1) was dose-dependently inhibited by intravenous (i.v.) atropine (0.002; 0.003; 0.004 mg X kg-1) and cimetidine (1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mg X kg-1). A potentiated synergism was observed on the simultaneous administration of atropine and cimetidine, suggesting the good effect of a low dose combination of atropine and cimetidine in the therapy of peptic ulcer.     

山莨菪碱对利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤的影响

目的:研究山食若碱对利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法:利用利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤模型,观察腹注山食若碱对利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤、胃酸分泌、胃粘液分泌、胃运动、胃粘膜血流量及胃粘膜一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合成酶活性变化的影响结果:山蓑若碱能抑制利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤灶的形成;山食若碱能抑制利血平大鼠胃酸分泌,但对胃液分泌的量无影响;山食若碱能促进利血平大鼠胃粘液分泌和胃粘膜血流量,抑制胃的运动;山莫若碱能抑制利血平导致的大鼠胃粘膜一氧化氮含量的降低和一氧化氮合成酶活性的降低。结论:山食若碱抑制利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤的形成与其抑制胃酸分泌、胃的运动,促进胃粘液分泌、增加胃粘膜血流量有关;NO可能在介导山莫若碱抑制利血平大鼠胃粘膜损伤形成中有重要作用。     

Effect of sodium fluoride on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in mice

Fluoride, a well-recognised harmful substance, is easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is therefore conceivable that any alteration of the gastrointestinal motility can affect the rate of absorption of fluoride and leads to aggravation of its toxic effects. The effects of fluoride on gastric emptying and intestinal transit were studied in the mouse using a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution as a non-nutrient meal. The participation of the cholinergic and nitrergic systems in these effects was also evaluated. Oral gavage of 5 mM NaF had no significant effect on gastric emptying and intestinal transit of the CMC meal, whereas a decrease of gastric emptying (-33%, P<0.05) and an increase in intestinal transit (+20.7%, P<0.05) were observed with 20 mM NaF. Atropine injection induced a significant decrease of gastric emptying. Combined treatment of atropine with 20 mM NaF brought about a further, but not significant decrease in gastric emptying. N-G-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment with or without oral administration of NaF decreased gastric emptying. Atropine treatment significantly depressed intestinal transit from 56.5% to 37.7% in the absence of NaF and from 70.1% to 42.8% in its presence. In contrast, L-NAME administration either alone or with fluoride increased intestinal transit (P<0.05). The present results suggest that fluoride alter gastrointestinal motility, an effect that may partly involve the cholinergic pathway.     

丹参提取物F对大鼠乙醇性胃粘膜损伤的影响及其机制的研究

在大鼠乙醇性胃粘膜损伤模型上，丹参提取物Ｆ ０．１ｍｌ／２００ｇ／ｍｉｎ ｉｖ５分钟可明显降低胃粘膜伊文斯兰含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）和被单星蓝染色的面积（Ｐ＜０．０１）及胃粘膜损伤程度（Ｐ＜０．０１）。用ＴＳ－２００组织光谱分析仪测定大鼠胃粘膜表层血液量和Ｈｂ氧饱和度，表明丹参提取物Ｆ可维持大鼠胃粘膜在６０％乙醇（容积比）后血液量和Ｈｂ氧饱和度基本不变。结果提示：丹参提取物Ｆ有抗大鼠乙醇性胃粘膜损伤作     

Effect of age, food deprivation and stress on gastric erosions in the rat

Two experiments were conducted in which rats were subjected to food deprivation and/or cold-restraint stress. In Experiment 1, 40- and 570-day old rats exhibited a significant degree of glandular gastric erosion due to the stress and to the deprivation. Both of these were attributable to the single condition wherein deprivation and stress were combined. No effect involving age was significant. In Experiment 2, 22-day old weanlings exposed to the same conditions evinced a significant glandular erosion effect of the deprivation, but neither the stress nor the interaction effects were significant. It was concluded that 3 hr of cold restraint in the sated mature rat has a relatively minor effect on the stomach. Forty-eight hours of food deprivation, also ineffective by itself in such animals, renders the stomach vulnerable to the effects of stress. In the weanling, in contrast, deprivation alone can cause glandular erosion but its potentiating effect is lacking. With respect to ruminal lesions, it was hypothesized that time without food rather than initial body weight or nutritional deficit is the critical variable.