正常胆囊、炎性胆囊和胆囊癌组织傅立叶变换红外光谱的初步研究

胆囊癌由于早期缺乏特异性症状 ,诊断困难 ,预后极差。探索一种能对早期可疑病变做出快速准确且基于分子水平的诊断方法 ,以提高对早期胆囊癌的诊断和手术切除率、改善患者的预后一直是外科医师努力的方向。近年来随着振动光谱实验技术的进步 ,应用光谱方法于临床疾病的研究已有报道〔1,2〕。本研究首次应用傅立叶变换红外光谱(Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ ,ＦＴ ＩＲ)对正常胆囊、炎性胆囊和胆囊癌组织进行了初步检测。1.标本取材和处理 :7例正常胆囊组织由西安交通大学医学院解剖教研室提…     

胆囊组织的显微傅立叶变换红外光谱与苏木素-伊红染色相关性研究

目的 研究不同生理病理状态胆囊组织的显微傅立叶变换红外光谱(Mic—FTIR)表现与苏木素-伊红(HE)染色组织切片特征的相关性。方法 应用FTIR和显微FTIR技术对8例正常胆囊组织、10例炎性胆囊组织和10例胆囊癌组织及冰冻切片进行检测，结合常规：HE染色病理结果分析总结胆囊组织的Mic—FTIR光谱与HE染色的相关性。结果 胆囊正常、炎性和癌组织具有不同的FTIR光谱表现，和正常组织相比较，癌组织具有较强的核酸吸收谱带，11080／11550在正常组织中为0.62，癌组织中为0．87；3种组织中炎性组织具有最强的水吸收峰。同一切片不同区域的FTIR光谱表现不尽相同，腺体内区域具有较强的脂肪和糖原的吸收峰，间质区具有较强的胶原吸收峰而脂肪和糖原的吸收峰相对较弱。结论不同胆囊组织具有不同的FTIR光谱特征，胆囊组织的Mic-FTIR光谱可以很好地反映出HE染色下的组织特征。     

胆囊癌细胞株的傅立叶变换红外光谱研究

目的 建立胆囊癌体外培养细胞株的傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR spectroscopy)检测的方法.对照胆囊癌组织光谱特征,研究胆囊癌细胞株的光谱表现;为红外光谱法诊断胆囊癌奠定细胞学基础.方法 应用美国Nicolet(尼高力)公司Magna750-Ⅱ型红外光谱仪.组织标本放置于欧米采样器表面进行检测,记录红外光谱;体外培养胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD)采取涂于BaF2窗片的方法,进行透射红外光谱检测,得到时间轴上体外培养细胞株的光谱图;选择特征性光谱与胆囊癌组织光谱进行比对.结果 成功地获得了体外培养胆囊癌细胞株的红外光谱图;胆囊癌细胞株红外光谱特征与相应癌组织光谱特征存在异同.结论 将体外培养肿瘤细胞株在BaF2窗片上涂片后.进行FT-IR测定是行之有效的细胞红外光谱检测手段,能得到体外培养细胞的红外谱图;胆囊癌组织所表现的红外光谱特征具有胆囊癌细胞本身的红外光谱特征,同时也具有组织自身的复杂特点;FT-IR应用于胆囊癌的定性诊断有充分的细胞学基础.     

消化道癌的傅立叶变换红外光谱研究

目的　研究消化道癌的傅立叶变换红外光谱 (fouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy ,FT -IR)表现。方法　应用FT -IR对 12 1例消化道癌及癌旁正常组织进行检测 ,结合常规病理结果指认、总结不同组织的光谱特征。结果　癌和癌旁正常组织具有不同的FT -IR光谱表现 ,15 5 0cm- 1 处的酰胺Ⅱ带在癌组织中显得较弱 ,峰形低平 ,而在正常组织中则较强 ,峰形高尖。 10 80cm- 1 处核酸的吸收谱带在癌组织中较强。正常组织中 14 5 0cm- 1 处的峰多强于 14 0 0cm- 1 处 ,而在癌组织中则相反。结论　消化道癌及癌旁正常组织的FT -IR谱图不同 ,主要表现为组织中蛋白质、核酸和磷脂等含量与结构的改变     

消化道癌的傅立叶变换红外光谱研究

目的 研究消化道癌的傅立叶变换红外光谱（fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)表现。方法 应用FT－IR对121例消化道癌及癌旁正常组织进行检测，结合常规病理结果指认，总结不同组织的光谱特征。结果 癌和癌旁正常组织具有不同的FT－IR光谱表现，1550cm^-1处的酰胺Ⅱ带在癌组织中显得较弱，峰形低平，而在正常组织中则较强，峰形高尖。1080cm^-1处核酸的吸收谱带在癌组织中较强。正常组织中1450cm^-1处的峰多强于1400cm^-1处，而在癌组织中则相反。结论 消化道癌及癌旁正常组织的FT－IR谱图不同，主要表现为组织中蛋白质，核酸和磷脂等含量与结构的改变。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT—IR）用于血糖无损检测的研究

目的血糖无损检测的可行性研究.方法傅立叶变换红外光谱测受试者中指的红外光谱,将1123cm-1附近的葡萄糖特征峰的相对强度与快速血糖仪所测血糖值进行比较.结果1123cm-1附近的特征峰相对强度的变化与血糖值的变化基本同步,该峰的相对强度与血糖值明显相关(R=0.83485,SD=0.13566,P＜0.0001),峰的相对强度可以反映人体血糖值的变化,的确能作为人血糖值的一个数量指标.结论FT-IRATR法进行人体血糖的无创性测定和监测是可行的.     

用傅立叶变换红外光谱研究有机溶剂对脂肪酶构象的影响

利用衰减全反射（ＡｔｅｎｕａｔｅｄＴｏｔａｌＲｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ＡＴＲ）傅立叶变换红外光谱研究了脂肪酶在不同非水有机溶剂中的构象变化。结果表明，各种溶剂均能使酶的二级结构发生一定程度的变化，极性愈强效果愈明显。这种构象变化是一动态过程，且具有一定的可逆性。另外，两亲分子也能导致酶构象的改变。     

恶性肿瘤的傅立叶变换拉曼光谱研究国内外进展

拉曼光谱是由分子对入射光产生的频率发生较大变化的非弹性散射现象所形成的发射光谱 ,192 8年由印度物理学家拉曼 (Ｒａｍａｎ)发现。每一种物质 (分子 )有自己特征的拉曼光谱 ,因此可以用拉曼光谱表征这一物质 ,因而拉曼光谱是研究物质结构的重要手段之一。 1939年拉曼光谱成     

恶性肿瘤早期诊断的傅立叶变换红外光谱研究

为寻找恶性肿瘤的早期诊断方法，人们一直进行着不懈的努力。组织和细胞的恶变总是从构成它们的分子开始的。在组织和细胞恶变的过程中，蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物和核酸等构成组织和细胞的主要物质在结构、构象和数量上都发生了明显的变化，这些变化并不出现临床症状和医学影像学改变。所以研究这些变化是更早期诊断的研究方向。红外     

胃癌新鲜离体组织的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

目的 通过对胃癌新鲜离体组织进行傅里叶变换红外光谱测定,探讨其区分胃癌组织和正常胃组织的可行性及机制.方法 联合应用衰减全反射探头及中红外光纤、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,检测胃癌手术中切除的新鲜离体胃癌组织50例.比较胃癌组织和正常胃组织红外光谱各谱带的相对峰位、相对峰强.结果 与蛋白、脂质、糖类和核酸相关的谱带在胃癌组织和正常胃组织之间差异明显具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 傅里叶红外光谱技术可区别新鲜离体状态下胃癌组织和正常胃组织,联合应用衰减全反射探头及中红外光纤、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪有望成为胃癌诊断及术中导航的新方法.     

The carbonate environment in bone mineral: A resolution-enhanced fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study

Summary The environment of carbonate ions in bones of different species (rat, rabbit, chicken, cow, human) was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) associated with a self-deconvolution technique. The carbonate bands in thev ₂ CO ₃ ²⁻ domain show three components which were identified by using synthetic standards and different properties of the apatitic structure (ionic affinity for crystallographic locations, ionic exchange). The major component at 871 cm⁻¹ is due to carbonate ions located in PO ₄ ³⁻ sites (type B carbonate). A band at 878 cm⁻¹ was exclusively assigned to carbonate ions substituting for OH⁻ ions in the apatitic structure (type A carbonate). A band at 866 cm⁻¹ not previously observed was shown to correspond to a labile carbonate environment. The intensity ratio of type A to type B carbonate appears remarkably constant in all bone samples. The 866 cm⁻¹ carbonate band varies in its relative intensity in different species.     

Effects of sciatic neurectomy on the femur in growing rats: Application of peripheral quantitative computed tomography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The effects of unilateral sciatic neurectomy (USN) on the development of the femur were studied in 15 growing Wistar-derived rats (age, 5 weeks). The rats were divided into four groups: USN-operated group (right femur), USN-nonoperated group (left femur), sham-operated group (right femur), and sham-nonoperated group (left femur). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, periosteal circumference, and endosteal circumference were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the mineral/matrix ratio was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The USN-operated group showed a significant decrease in cortical BMC, bone area, and periosteal circumference compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The cortical BMD did not vary significantly between the groups. In the cancellous bone, the USN-operated group showed a significant decrease in BMD and BMC at the metaphysis compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The mineral/matrix ratio of the cortical bone did not differ significantly between the USN-operated and USN-nonoperated groups. These results suggest that in cortical bone, USN inhibits periosteal bone formation but has no significant effect on the mineral/matrix ratio of cortical bone in femurs. In cancellous bone, USN induces bone loss at the metaphysis. Received: Nov. 19, 1998 / Accepted: Feb. 12, 1999     

A novel method for determination of collagen orientation in cartilage by Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS)

OBJECTIVE: The orientation of collagen molecules is an important determinant of their functionality in connective tissues. The objective of the current study is to establish a method to determine the alignment of collagen molecules in histological sections of cartilage by polarized Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS), a method based on molecular vibrations. METHODS: Polarized FT-IRIS data obtained from highly oriented tendon collagen were utilized to calibrate the derived spectral parameters. The ratio of the integrated areas of the collagen amide I/II absorbances was used as an indicator of collagen orientation. These data were then applied to FT-IRIS analysis of the orientation of collagen molecules in equine articular cartilage, in equine repair cartilage after microfracture treatment, and in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Polarized light microscopy (PLM), the most frequently utilized technique to evaluate collagen fibril orientation in histological sections, was performed on picrosirius red-stained sections for comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Thicknesses of each zone of normal equine cartilage (calculated based on differences in collagen orientation) were equivalent as determined by PLM and FT-IRIS. Comparable outcomes were obtained from the PLM and FT-IRIS analyses of repair and osteoarthritis tissues, whereby similar zonal variations in collagen orientation were apparent for the two methods. However, the PLM images of human osteoarthritic cartilage showed less obvious zonal discrimination and orientation compared to the FT-IRIS images, possibly attributable to the FT-IRIS method detecting molecular orientation changes prior to their manifestation at the microscopic level.     

Fourier transform raman spectroscopy of synthetic and biological calcium phosphates

Fourier-transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the organic and mineral components of biological and synthetic calcium phosphate minerals. Raman spectroscopy provides information on biological minerals that is complimentary to more widely used infrared methodologies as some infrared-inactive vibrational modes are Raman-active. The application of FT-Raman technology has, for the first time, enabled the problems of high sample fluorescence and low signal-to-noise that are inherent in calcified tissues to be overcome. Raman spectra of calcium phosphates are dominated by a very strong band near 960 cm^–1 that arises from the symmetric stretching mode of the phosphate group. Other Raman-active phosphate vibrational bands are seen at approximately 1075 , 590 , and 435 cm^–1 . Minerals containing acidic phosphate groups show additional vibrational modes. The different calcium phosphate mineral phases can be distinguished from one another by the relative positions and shapes of these bands in the Raman spectra. FT-Raman spectra of nascent, nonmineralized matrix vesicles (MV) show a distinct absence of the phosphate band even though these structures are rich in calcium and phosphate. Similar results were seen with milk casein and synthetic Ca-phosphatidyl-serine-PO₄ complexes. Hence, the phosphate and/or acidic phosphate ions in these noncrystalline biological calcium phosphates is in a molecular environment that differs from that in synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate. In MV, the first distinct mineral phase to form contained acidic phosphate bands similar to those seen in octacalcium phosphate. The mineral phase present in fully mineralized MV was much more apatitic, resembling that found in bones and teeth. These findings are consistent with formation of an OCP-like precursor during MV mineral formation that subsequently hydrolyzes to form hydroxyapatite.     

Resolution-enhanced fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of the environment of phosphate ions in the early deposits of a solid phase of calcium-phosphate in bone and enamel,and their evolution with age. I: Investigations in thev 4 PO4 domain

Summary In order to investigate the possible existence in biological and poorly crystalline synthetic apatites of local atomic organizations different from that of apatite, resolution-enhanced, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies were carried out on chicken bone, pig enamel, and poorly crystalline synthetic apatites containing carbonate and HPO₄ ²⁻ groups. The spectra obtained were compared to those of synthetic well crystallized apatites (stoichiometric hydroxyapatite, HPO₄ ²⁻-containing apatite, type B carbonate apatite) and nonapatitic calcium phosphates which have been suggested as precursors of the apatitic phase [octacalcium phosphate (OCP), brushite, and β tricalcium phosphate and whitlockite]. The spectra of bone and enamel, as well as poorly crystalline, synthetic apatite in thev ₄ PO₄ domain, exhibit, in addition to the three apatitic bands, three absorption bands that were shown to be independent of the organic matrix. Two low-wave number bands at 520–530 and 540–550 cm⁻¹ are assigned to HPO₄ ²⁻. Reference to known calcium phosphates shows that bands in this domain also exist in HPO₄ ²⁻-containing apatite, brushite, and OCP. However, the lack of specific absorption bands prevents a clear identification of these HPO₄ ²⁻ environments. The third absorption band (610–615 cm⁻¹) is not related to HPO₄ ²⁻ or OH⁻ ions. It appears to be due to a labile PO₄ ³⁻ environment which could not be identified with any phosphate environment existing in our reference samples, and thus seems specific of poorly crystalline apatites. Correlation of the variations in band intensities show that 610–615 cm⁻¹ band is related to an absorption band at 560 cm⁻¹ superimposed on an apatite band. All the nonapatitic phosphate environments were shown to decrease during aging of enamel, bone, and synthetic apatites. Moreover, EDTA etching show that the labile PO₄ ³⁻ environment exhibited a heterogeneous distribution in the insoluble precipitate.     

FT-IR photoacoustic depth profiling spectroscopy of enamel

Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FT-IR) depth profiling spectra of the enamel of an intact human tooth are obtained in a completely nondestructive fashion. The compositional and structural changes in the tissue are probed from the enamel surface to a depth of about 200 m. These changes reflect the state of tissue development. The subsurface carbonate gradient in the enamel could be observed over the range of about 10–100 m. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio increases in the depth profile. The depth profile also reveals changes in the substitutional distribution of carbonate ions. Type A carbonates (hydroxyl substituted) increase relative to type B carbonates (phosphate substituted) with increasing thermal diffusion length. In addition to the changes in the carbonate ion distribution and content, the PA-FT-IR depth profile clearly indicates a dramatic increase in the protein content relative to the phosphate content with increased depth. The changes in the carbonate content and distribution, along with the changes in the protein content, may be responsible for the changes observed in the apatitic structure in the depth profile of the enamel.