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1.
Cuerda C Merchan-Naranjo J Velasco C Gutierrez A Leiva M de Castro MJ Parellada M Giráldez M Bretón I Camblor M García-Peris P Dulín E Sanz I Desco M Arango C 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2011,30(5):616-623
Background & aims
: Weight gain is an undesirable side effect of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). We performed this study to examine the influence of SGAs on resting energy expenditure (REE) and the relationship of REE to weight gain in adolescent patients.Methods
Antipsychotic-naïve or quasi-naïve (<72 h of exposure to antipsychotics) adolescent patients taking olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone in monotherapy were followed up for one year. We performed a prospective study (baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment) based on anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac™ II MBM-200) to measure REE. We also analyzed metabolic and hormonal data and adiponectin concentrations.Results
Forty-six out of the 54 patients that started treatment attended at least 2 visits, and 16 completed 1 year of follow-up. Patients gained 10.8 ± 6.2 kg (60% in the form of fat mass) and increased their waist circumference by 11.1 ± 5.0 cm after 1 year of treatment. The REE/kg body mass ratio decreased (p = 0.027), and the REE/percentage fat-free mass (FFM) ratio increased (p = 0.007) following the fall in the percentage of FFM during treatment. Weight increase was significantly correlated with the REE/percentage FFM ratio at all the visits (1–3–6–12 months) (r = 0.69, p = 0.004 at 12 months).Conclusions
SGAs seem to induce a hypometabolic state (reflected as decreased REE/kg body mass and increased REE/percentage FFM). This could explain, at least in part, the changes in weight and body composition observed in these patients. 相似文献2.
Martín-González C González-Reimers E Santolaria-Fernández F Fernández-Rodríguez C García-Valdecasas-Campelo E González Díaz A Alvisa-Negrín J Martínez Riera A 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2011,(6):822-830
Background & aims
The prognostic value of nutritional status and/or lean and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been widely analyzed, in both alcoholics and non-alcoholics. However, the prognostic value of changes in fat and lean mass over time in alcoholics has scarcely been studied, nor has the effect of alcohol abstinence on these changes.Methods
From an initial cohort of 113 alcoholic patients, 70 prospectively underwent two DEXA assessments six months apart. One hundred and five patients (including 66 of those who underwent two DEXA assessments) were followed up for 34.9 ± 36.4 months (median = 18 months, interquartile range = 7.25–53.75 months). During this follow-up period, 33 died (including 20 of those who had undergone a second DEXA assessment).Results
Forty-two of the 70 patients undergoing a second DEXA assessment had abstained from alcohol. Of these, 69.04% (29) gained left arm lean mass, compared with only 35.71% (10 of 28) of those who had continued drinking (χ2 = 7.46; p = 0.006). Similar results were observed regarding right arm lean mass (χ2 = 4.68; p = 0.03) and right leg lean mass (χ2 = 7.88; p = 0.005). However, no associations were found between alcohol abstinence and changes in fat parameters. Analysis by means of Kaplan–Meier curves showed that loss of total lean mass, right leg lean mass, left leg lean mass and total fat mass were all significantly associated with reduced survival. However, within 30 months of the second evaluation, significant associations were observed between changes of all parameters related to lean mass, and mortality, but no association between changes in fat parameters and mortality.Conclusions
Loss of lean mass over a period of six months after a first assessment is associated with worse prognosis in alcoholics, irrespective of whether they stop drinking during this period or not. Continued drinking is associated with greater loss of lean mass, but not with changes in fat mass. 相似文献3.
Champagne CM Broyles ST Moran LD Cash KC Levy EJ Lin PH Batch BC Lien LF Funk KL Dalcin A Loria C Myers VH 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2011,111(12):1826-1835
Background
Dietary components effective in weight maintenance efforts have not been adequately identified.Objective
To determine the effects of changes in dietary consumption on weight loss and maintenance during the Weight Loss Maintenance clinical trial.Design
Weight Loss Maintenance was a randomized controlled trial. Successful weight loss participants who completed Phase I of the trial and lost 4 kg were randomized to one of three maintenance intervention arms in Phase II and followed for an additional 30 months.Participants/setting
The multicenter trial was conducted from 2003 through 2007. This substudy included 828 successful weight loss participants.Methods
The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess nutrient intake levels and food group servings. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, dietary fiber, fruit/vegetable, and dairy servings were utilized as predictor variables. The FFQ was collected on all participants at study entry (beginning of Phase I). Those randomized to Phase II completed the FFQ at three additional time points: randomization (beginning of Phase II), 12 months, and 30 months.Intervention
The main intervention focused on long-term maintenance of weight loss using the Dietary Approaches to Hypertension diet. This substudy examined if changes to specific dietary variables were associated with weight loss and maintenance.Statistical analyses performed
Linear regression models that adjusted for change in total energy examined the relationship between changes in dietary intake and weight for each time period. Site, age, race, sex, and a race–sex interaction were included as covariates.Results
Participants who substituted protein for fat lost, on average, 0.33 kg per 6 months during Phase I (P<0.0001) and 0.07 kg per 6 months during Phase II (P<0.0001) per 1% increase in protein. Increased intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with weight loss in Phases I and II: 0.29 kg per 6 months (P<0.0001) and 0.04 kg per 6 months (P=0.0062), respectively, per 1-serving increase. Substitution of carbohydrates for fat and protein for carbohydrates were associated with weight loss during both phases. Increasing dairy intake was associated with significant weight loss during Phase II (−0.17 kg per 6 months per 1-serving increase, P=0.0002), but not during Phase I. Dietary fiber revealed no significant findings.Conclusions
Increasing fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy may help achieve weight loss and maintenance. 相似文献4.
《Obesity research & clinical practice》2023,17(3):175-183
Background and objectivesThe effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on anthropometrics remain obscure. This review quantitatively synthesizes the effects of MBIs on decreasing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight, and percent body fat (%BF).MethodsSeven databases, including CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and Sociological Abstracts were searched; studies with a comparison group were selected. Random-effects models were then applied to estimate the pooled effects (Hedge’s g), while exploratory moderation analyses with mixed-effects models were performed to explore potential moderators of MBIs on anthropometrics.ResultsThe pooled effect size was −0.36 (p < .001) on BMI, −0.52 (p < .001) on WC, −1.20 (p < .004) on weight loss, and −0.43 (p = .389) on %BF. The long-term effects from baseline to follow-up and from post-intervention to follow-up were sustained on BMI (−0.37, p = .027; −.24, p = .065) and weight loss (−1.91, p = .027; −0.74, p = .011) respectively. For weight loss, adding mindful movement had greater effects than those without (−2.65 vs −0.39, p < .001).ConclusionOur findings support the short-term MBI effects on BMI reduction, WC, weight, and %BF, and long-term effects on reducing BMI and weight. Future efforts should focus on sustaining effects on reducing WC and %BF. 相似文献
5.
Ikuyo Imayama Catherine M. Alfano Caitlin Mason Chiachi Wang Catherine Duggan Kristin L. Campbell Angela Kong Karen E. Foster-Schubert George L. Blackburn Ching-Yun Wang Anne McTiernan 《Preventive medicine》2013
Objective
Antidepressants may attenuate the effects of diet and exercise programs. We compared adherence and changes in body measures and biomarkers of glucose metabolism and inflammation between antidepressant users and non-users in a 12-month randomized controlled trial.Methods
Overweight or obese, postmenopausal women were assigned to: diet (10% weight loss goal, N = 118); moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise (225 min/week, N = 117); diet + exercise (N = 117); and control (N = 87) in Seattle, WA 2005–2009. Women using antidepressants at baseline were classified as users (N = 109). ANCOVA and generalized estimating equation approaches, respectively, were used to compare adherence (exercise amount, diet session attendance, and changes in percent calorie intake from fat, cardiopulmonary fitness, and pedometer steps) and changes in body measures (weight, waist and percent body fat) and serum biomarkers (glucose, insulin, homeostasis assessment-insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) between users and non-users. An interaction term (intervention × antidepressant use) tested effect modification.Results
There were no differences in adherence except that diet session attendance was lower among users in the diet + exercise group (P < 0.05 vs. non-users). Changes in body measures and serum biomarkers did not differ by antidepressant use (Pinteraction > 0.05).Conclusion
Dietary weight loss and exercise improved body measures and biomarkers of glucose metabolism and inflammation independent of antidepressant use. 相似文献6.
《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2014,30(1):49-54
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate body composition changes in fat mass (FM) to lean body mass (LBM) ratios following 15% body weight loss (WL) in both integrated medical treatment and bariatric surgery groups.MethodsObese patients (body mass index [BMI] 46.6 ± 6.5 kg/m2) who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery (BS), were matched with 24 patients undergoing integrated medical and behavioral treatment (MT). The BS and MT groups were evaluated for body weight, BMI, body composition, and waist circumference (WC) at baseline and after 15% WL.ResultsFollowing 15% body WL, there were significant decreases in %FM and increased %LBM (P < 0.0001). Additionally, both groups saw 76% of WL from FM, and 24% from LBM indicating a 3:1 ratio of FM to LBM loss during the first 15% reduction in body weight. Finally, no significant differences (P = 0.103) between groups for maintenance of WL at 1 y were found. For both groups, baseline FM was found to be negatively correlated with percentage of weight regained (%WR) at 1 y post-WL (r = −0.457; P = 0.007). Baseline WC and rate of WL to 15% were significant predictors of %WR only in the BS group (r = 0.713; P = 0.020).ConclusionIf followed closely by professionals during the first 15% body WL, patients losing 15% weight by either medical or surgical treatments can attain similar FM:LBM loss ratios and can maintain WL for 1 y. 相似文献
7.
Background & aims
Taste sensitivity to fatty acids influences food ingestion and may regulate fat intake and body weight status. Fatty acids are detected via homologous receptors within the mouth and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where attenuated sensitivity may be associated with greater fat intake and BMI. This study aimed to extend observations surrounding fatty acid taste, specifically the types of foods consumed and dietary behaviours that may be associated with fatty acid taste sensitivity.Methods
51 subjects (41 female; BMI, 21.4 ± 0.46 kg/m2, age, 20 ± 0.52 yrs, 10 male; BMI, 23.6 ± 1.4 kg/m2, age, 22 ± 1 yrs) were screened for oral sensitivity to oleic acid (3.8 mM) using triplicate sensory evaluations, and classified as hypersensitive; (3/3 correct identifications), or hyposensitive, (<3/3). Fat-taste perception (using sensory-matched custards made with 0, 2, 6, 10% oil), recent diet (4-day diet record) and food habits and behaviours (food habits and behaviours questionnaire) were also established.Results
75% (n = 38) of subjects were classified as hyposensitive to oleic acid and these subjects differed from those who were classified as hypersensitive. Hyposensitive subjects consumed significantly more energy, fat, saturated fat, fatty foods (butter, meat, dairy), had greater BMI and were less perceptive of small changes in the fat content of custard (all P < 0.05), compared to hypersensitive subjects.Conclusion
An inability to perceive low concentrations of fatty acids in foods was associated with greater consumption of fatty foods, specifically butter, meat, dairy, and increasing BMI. 相似文献8.
Purpose
We hypothesized that anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue (apVAT) accounts for more variance in blood-based biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the combination of BMI and WC (BMI + WC).Methods
This was a cross-sectional analysis of 10,624 males and females who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994). apVAT was predicted from a validated regression equation that included age, height, weight, waist, and thigh circumferences. Bootstrapped linear regression models were used to compare the proportion of variance (R 2) in biomarkers explained by apVAT, BMI, WC, and BMI + WC.Results
apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of glucose homeostasis than BMI (?R 2 = 8.4–11.8 %; P < 0.001), WC (?R 2 = 5.5–8.4 %; P < 0.001), and BMI + WC (?R 2 = 5.1–7.7 %; P < 0.001). apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of inflammation than BMI (ΔR 2 = 3.8 %; P < 0.001), WC (ΔR 2 = 3.1 %; P < 0.001), and BMI + WC (ΔR 2 = 2.9 %; P < 0.001). apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of lipid metabolism than BMI (ΔR 2 = 2.9–9.2 %; P < 0.001), WC (ΔR 2 = 2.9–5.2 %; P < 0.001), and BMI + WC (ΔR 2 = 2.4–4.1 %; P ≤ 0.01).Conclusions
apVAT, estimated with simple and widely used anthropometric measures, accounts for more variance in blood-based biomarkers than BMI, WC, and BMI + WC. Clinicians and researchers may consider utilizing apVAT to characterize cardio-metabolic health, particularly in settings with limited availability of imaging and laboratory data.9.
Ling CH de Craen AJ Slagboom PE Gunn DA Stokkel MP Westendorp RG Maier AB 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2011,30(5):610-615
Background & aims
Body composition measurement is a valuable tool for assessing nutritional status and physical fitness in a variety of clinical settings. Although bioimpedance analysis (BIA) can easily assess body composition, its accuracy remains unclear. We examined the accuracy of direct segmental multi-frequency BIA technique (DSM-BIA) in assessing different body composition parameters, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as a reference standard.Methods
A total of 484 middle-aged participants from the Leiden Longevity Study were recruited. Agreements between DSM-BIA and DEXA for total and segmental body composition quantification were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots.Results
Excellent agreements were observed between both techniques in whole body lean mass (ICC female = 0.95, ICC men = 0.96), fat mass (ICC female = 0.97, ICC male = 0.93) and percentage body fat (ICC female = 0.93, ICC male = 0.88) measurements. Similarly, Bland–Altman plots revealed narrow limits of agreements with small biases noted for the whole body lean mass quantification but relatively wider limits for fat mass and percentage body fat quantifications. In segmental lean muscle mass quantification, excellent agreements between methods were demonstrated for the upper limbs (ICC female≥0.91, ICC men≥0.87) and lower limbs (ICC female≥0.83, ICC male≥0.85), with good agreements shown for the trunk measurements (ICC female = 0.73, ICC male = 0.70).Conclusions
DSM-BIA is a valid tool for the assessments of total body and segmental body composition in the general middle-aged population, particularly for the quantification of body lean mass. 相似文献10.
Morgan PJ Collins CE Plotnikoff RC Cook AT Berthon B Mitchell S Callister R 《Preventive medicine》2011,52(5):317-325
Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a workplace-based weight loss program (Workplace POWER-WP) for male shift workers.Method
A prospective, two-armed randomized controlled trial of 110 overweight/obese (BMI 25-40) (mean [SD] age = 44.4 [8.6] years; BMI = 30.5 [3.6]) male employees at Tomago Aluminium aged 18-65. In October (2009) men were randomized to either (i) WP program (n = 65) or (ii) a 14-week wait-list control group (n = 45). The 3-month program involved one information session, program booklets, group-based financial incentives and an online component. Men were assessed at baseline and at 14-week follow-up for weight (primary outcome), waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, resting heart rate, self-reported physical activity and dietary variables, and physical activity and dietary cognitions.Results
Intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models revealed significant between group differences for weight loss after 14 weeks (P < .001, Cohen's d = 0.34). Significant intervention effects were also found for waist circumference (P < .001, d = 0.63), BMI (P < .001, d = 0.41), systolic blood pressure (P = .02, d = 0.48), resting heart rate (P < .001, d = 0.81), physical activity (P = .03, d = 0.77), sweetened beverages (P < .02, d = 0.5-0.6) and physical activity-related cognitions (P < .02, d = 0.6).Conclusion
The WP program was feasible and efficacious and resulted in significant weight loss and improved health-related outcomes and behaviours in overweight male shift workers. 相似文献11.
Rosado JL Garcia OP Ronquillo D Hervert-Hernández D Caamaño Mdel C Martínez G Gutiérrez J García S 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2011,111(10):1507-1516
Background
Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with an increase in fat deposition and body weight; thus, adding them to low-fat milk may facilitate weight loss when accompanied by an energy-restricted diet.Objective
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the intake of low-fat milk and low-fat milk with added micronutrients on anthropometrics, body composition, blood glucose levels, lipids profile, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure of women following an energy-restricted diet.Design
A 16-week randomized, controlled intervention study.Participants/settings
One hundred thirty-nine obese women (aged 34±6 years) from five rural communities in Querétaro, Mexico.Intervention
Women followed an energy-restricted diet (−500 kcal) and received in addition one of the following treatments: 250 mL of low-fat milk (LFM) three times/day, 250 mL of low-fat milk with micronutrients (LFM+M) three times/day, or a no milk control group (CON). Weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks. Body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood analysis were done at baseline and at the end of the 16 weeks.Main outcome measures
Changes in weight and body composition.Statistical analysis
One-factor analysis of variance, adjusted by age, baseline values, and community random effects.Results
After the 16-week intervention, participants in the LFM+M group lost significantly more weight (−5.1 kg; 95% CI: −6.2 to −4.1) compared with LFM (−3.6 kg; 95% CI: −4.7 to −2.6) and CON (−3.2 kg; 95% CI: −4.3 to −2.2) group members (P=0.035). Body mass index change in the LFM+M group (−2.3; 95% CI: −2.7 to −1.8) was significantly greater than LFM group members (−1.5; 95% CI: −2.0 to −1.1) and CON group members (−1.4; 95% CI: −1.9 to −0.9) (P=0.022). Change in percent body fat among LFM+M group members (−2.7%; 95% CI: −3.2 to −2.1) was significantly higher than LFM group members (−1.8%; 95% CI: −2.3 to −1.3) and CON group members (−1.6%; 95% CI: −2.2 to −1.0) (P=0.019). Change in bone mineral content was significantly higher in LFM group members (29 mg; 95% CI: 15 to 44) and LFM+M group members (27 mg; 95% CI: 13 to 41) compared with CON group members (−2 mg; 95% CI: −17 to −14) (P=0.007). No differences were found between groups in glucose level, blood lipid profile, C-reactive protein level, or blood pressure.Conclusions
Intake of LFM+M increases the effectiveness of an energy-restricted diet to treat obesity, but had no effect on blood lipid levels, glucose levels, C-reactive protein, or blood pressure. 相似文献12.
13.
Objective
We examined associations between body weight and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25OHD) in prediabetes and sought to estimate the impact of adiposity on these associations.Methods
The study was conducted in the placebo (n = 1082) and intensive lifestyle (n = 1079) groups of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter trial to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. Weight and 25OHD were measured at baseline, month 6, years 1 and 2. In a subset (n = 584), visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adiposity were assessed by computed tomography at baseline and year 1.Results
In cross-sectional analyses, baseline body weight, total fat, VAT, and SAT were inversely associated with plasma 25OHD concentration after multivariable adjustment. VAT accounted for 40 % [95 % CI 11, 69] of the association of body weight with plasma 25OHD concentration. There was no significant contribution by total fat or SAT. Two-year changes in plasma 25OHD concentration varied inversely with changes in body weight (p < 0.0001). One-year changes in total fat, VAT, or SAT were not significant mediators of the association between change in plasma 25OHD concentration and body weight.Conclusion
Our study found an inverse association between body weight and plasma 25OHD concentration at baseline and over a 2-year period in adults with prediabetes. These findings in the DPP, a weight loss intervention study, raise the possibility that weight loss increases plasma 25OHD concentration. Whether adiposity mediates this association remains inconclusive.14.
Kim JY Wie GA Cho YA Kim SY Kim SM Son KH Park SJ Nam BH Joung H 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2011,30(6):724-729
Background & aims
Although various nutrition screening tools are used, they are not specific for the screening of malnourished cancer patients. The objective of this study was to develop a nutrition screening tool that could be used to identify cancer patients at risk for malnutrition.Methods
Of 3010 cancer patients admitted to the National Cancer Center of Korea between April 1 and June 2, 2008, the nutritional status of 1057 patients was assessed by the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Variables used in current nutrition screening tools were analyzed to select indices for a developing malnutrition screening tool for cancer patients (MSTC). The equation for the MSTC was established using receiver operating characteristics curves. Sensitivities and specificities of the MSTC were calculated using the PG-SGA as gold standard.Results
The MSTC was calculated as follows: [MSTC = −0.116 + (1.777 × intake change) + (1.304 × Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status) + (1.568 × weight loss) + (−0.187 × body mass index)]. The MSTC had a sensitivity of 94.0%, a specificity of 84.2%, and high agreement (κ = 0.70, P < 0.0001) with the PG-SGA.Conclusions
The MSTC appears to be a valid nutrition screening tool for determining nutritional risk in hospitalized cancer patients. 相似文献15.
Christian JG Byers TE Christian KK Goldstein MG Bock BC Prioreschi B Bessesen DH 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2011,111(1):75-83
Background
Physician counseling can help patients make substantial changes in diet and physical activity behaviors that can result in weight loss and a reduction in metabolic risk factors. Unfortunately, time constraints and a lack of training often make it difficult for physicians to provide effective counseling. The objective in this study was to test the effect of a computerized support tool to enhance brief physician-delivered health lifestyle counseling to patients with increased metabolic risk factors during two usual care visits.Design/setting/participants
This is a prospective controlled trial of a 12-month intervention conducted at two large community health centers serving mostly Hispanic patients. Participants (n=279) had a body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) ≥25 and at least two components of the metabolic syndrome.Intervention
In the intervention group, a computer program was used to help patients set tailored self-management goals for weight loss, nutrition, and physical activity. Goals were then reviewed and reinforced at clinic visits with participants' physicians at baseline and again at 6 months. The control group received care as usual. Data were collected between July 2007 and August 2008.Main outcome measures
Change in body weight was the primary outcome. Secondary measures included changes in blood glucose, blood cholesterol, blood pressure, physical activity, and energy intake.Results
Significantly more patients in the intervention group lost ≥5% of their body weight at 12 months than controls (26.3% vs 8.5%; odds ratio=3.86; P<0.01). Loss of >5% of total body weight was associated with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−14.0 vs −4.1 mg/dL; P=0.04).Conclusions
A brief computer-based intervention designed to increase the dialogue between patients and clinicians about behavioral goals can lead to increased 12-month weight loss. 相似文献16.
Taku Hamada Kazuhiko Kotani Narumi Nagai Kokoro Tsuzaki Yoshiko SanoYukiyo Matsuoka Mami Fujibayashi Natsuki Kiyohara Seitaro Tanaka Makiko YoshimuraKahori Egawa M.Sc. Yoshinori Kitagawa Yoshinobu Kiso Toshio Moritani Naoki Sakane 《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2011,27(1):34-39
Objective
Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system have been implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and 3123C/A polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) gene affect blood pressure and other obesity-related metabolic changes in response to low-energy diets using meal replacement shakes for weight loss.Methods
Clinical, metabolic, and biochemical profiles were measured before and after a 2-mo intervention in 32 obese women (age 49.9 ± 8.4 [SD] y; BMI 28.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) restricted to 1200 kcal/d (5021 kJ/d). The polymorphisms were determined with an intercalater-mediated FRET probe assay system.Results
Although weight loss and nutrient intake levels did not differ among the genotypes, the reduction in body fat after weight loss was significantly less in the ACE deletion/deletion (D/D) genotype than insertion/insertion (I/I) plus I/D genotype (−2.25 ± 1.40% versus −0.80 ± 1.57%, P < 0.05). The AT2R A/A group had significantly less improved levels of systolic blood pressure (−7.23 ± 8.50 versus 2.50 ± 12.6 mmHg, P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (−0.36 ± 0.29 versus −0.09 ± 0.25 mmol/L, P < 0.05), carbohydrate (−54.4 ± 27.2 versus −31.8 ± 16.3 mg/min, P < 0.05) and fat oxidation (8.31 ± 11.86 versus 0.05 ± 9.99 mg/min, P < 0.05) than the C/C plus C/A genotypes.Conclusion
The present findings suggest that the homozygous form of the ACE gene may hinder the improvement of body fat and that the homozygous form of the AT2R gene may make improving systolic blood pressure and some obesity-related metabolic parameters through a dietary intervention difficult among obese women. 相似文献17.
Ann Marie Tan-TingLuisito Llido M.D. 《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2011,27(1):50-54
Background
Childhood obesity is becoming a problem for Filipino children with an increasing national prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity. A multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral therapy with diet and exercise is often advocated as having the greatest impact in pediatric weight management.Objective
To determine the effects of a weight loss program, which is a staged 3-mo, multidisciplinary intervention consisting of combined dietary, exercise, and behavioral methods in obese children.Research methods and procedures
Prospective study done in a hospital-based weight management center; duration of study: 15 mo (November 2005 to January 2008); participants: 44 obese children (aged 5-17 y; body mass index [BMI] 85th-99th percentile); outcome measures: change in weight, BMI, BMI z-score (SD score); secondary measures included changes in waist circumference, blood pressure, and body fat. Statistical tests: paired t tests, χ2 test, Wilcoxon ranked sum test, regression analysis, and ANOVA.Results
At the end of the program, the patients demonstrated a decrease in weight, BMI, BMI z-score, body fat, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Mean weight loss is 4.2 kg (P < 0.01) with an average of 5.3% weight loss; BMI decreased by 1.5 units (P < 0.01), BMI z-score by 0.15 (P < 0.004), body fat by 14% (P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure by 7.25 mm Hg (P < 0.05), and waist circumference by 5.4 cm (P < 0.05). Decrease in weight, BMI, and body fat were significantly correlated with number of sessions attended.Conclusion
The use of a multidisciplinary 3-mo staged program resulted in an effective weight loss in obese Filipino children, which was directly related to the frequency of sessions attended. 相似文献18.
Gropper SS Newton A Harrington P Simmons KP Connell LJ Ulrich P 《Preventive medicine》2011,52(1):20-22
Objective
Changes in body weight, composition, and shape were investigated in male and female college students between the freshman and sophomore years.Methods
Changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), percent and absolute body fat and fat-free mass (via bioelectrical impedance), and waist circumference (via body scans) were assessed over the freshman and sophomore years (2007-2009) among 120 students attending a Southern public university.Results
Weight (2.5 and 1.7 lbs) and BMI gains (0.3 and 0.3 kg/m2) did not significantly differ between the freshman and sophomore years, respectively. Significantly more percent body fat and fat mass were gained during the freshman (1.9% and 3.3 lbs, respectively) than the sophomore year (0.0% and 0.6 lbs, respectively). Females lost significantly more fat-free mass during the freshman (−0.8 lb) than during the sophomore year (1.0 lb). Changes in waist circumference and weight were significantly correlated. Increases in the percentages of females classified as overweight and with unhealthy body fat amounts and waist circumferences were observed.Conclusion
While the sophomore year was characterized by slightly healthier body composition changes than the freshman year, the gains in weight, fat mass, and waist circumference measurements suggest increased health risks for many college females. 相似文献19.
Carey S Storey D Biankin AV Martin D Young J Allman-Farinelli M 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2011,30(6):774-779
Background & aims
Major upper gastrointestinal surgery results in permanent alterations to the gastrointestinal tract, and previously been shown to impair nutritional status. The aim of this study was to assess long term nutritional status and quality of life in people having had major upper gastrointestinal surgery, and the relationship between the two measures.Methods
People having had major upper gastrointestinal surgery greater than 6 months ago were recruited. Nutrition assessment included weight, anthropometry, Subjective Global Assessment, dietary intake and assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms; quality of life was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Associations between nutritional status, type of surgery and quality of life were analysed.Results
Thirty people were recruited with fourteen people showing a degree of malnutrition according to subjective global assessment. Total gastrectomy and oesophagectomy surgery resulted in significantly higher percent weight loss than those having undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (p = 0.01). Subjective global assessment correlated with quality of life (p = 0.003). Subjective global assessment and gastrointestinal symptoms were both significant variables in explaining quality of life (p < 0.001).Conclusions
Nutritional status in this group was significantly compromised, and impacted on quality of life. Individualised nutrition intervention to address malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms should be integrated into post surgery management. 相似文献20.