血脂康改善冠心病患者餐后高甘油三酯血症

目的 :观察冠心病患者高脂餐后血脂的变化以及 6周血脂康对餐后血脂水平的影响。　　方法 :5 0例病情稳定的冠心病患者随机分为两组 ,分别在常规治疗的基础上服用血脂康 (每日 12 0 0mg ,血脂康组 ,n =2 5 )和安慰剂 (常规组 ,n =2 5 )。所有患者在治疗前和治疗后各接受 1次高脂餐 (总热量 80 0千卡 ,脂肪 5 0克 ) ,采集空腹 12h、餐后 2、 4、 6h静脉血备测血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL C)浓度。　　结果 :5 0例患者治疗前餐后 2、 4、 6h与空腹状态比较 ,血清甘油三酯浓度显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。血脂康组治疗后较治疗前空腹血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、LDL C浓度显著降低 ,HDL C浓度显著升高 ,均有极显著差异 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ;血脂康组治疗后较治疗前的餐后 2、 4和 6h血清甘油三酯浓度和甘油三酯曲线下面积明显下降 (P <0 0 5 )。常规组的空腹和餐后血脂水平较治疗前无显著变化。　　结论 :血脂康能有效降低冠心病患者空腹血脂浓度和高脂餐后升高的血清甘油三酯浓度。     

冠心病患者不同剂量血脂康降脂疗效及其安全性的临床评估

目的　探讨不同剂量血脂康治疗合并有脂质代谢异常的冠心病患者的量效关系及其安全性。方法　将 2 5 5例冠心病患者随机分为 5个剂量组记录服药前及服药后第 1、3、6个月服药反应与化验指标 ,同时观察各剂量组中CHD患者TC、LDL—C和TC的达标率情况。结果　 ( 1 )血脂康可显著降低合并有脂质代谢异常的冠心病患者TC、LDL—C和TG水平并显著升高HDL—C水平。同一剂量血脂康治疗时随着时间的延长效应逐渐增大 ,并多在第 3个月达高峰。 ( 2 )除个别情况外 ,在第 1、3、6个月时不同剂量组间CHD患者TC、LDL—C和TG的达标率均有显著差异 ,且不同时间的达标率与对数剂量呈显著的正相关 ,TC、LDL—C的达标率随服药时间的延长而显著增高 ,而TG的达标率则在第 3个月时达到高峰后随服药时间的延长未再显著增高 ;( 3 )副反应发生率为 1 2 1 0 % ( 3 8/ 3 1 4)。结论　 ( 1 )血脂康胶囊治疗脂质代谢异常疗效显著、并呈现出明显的剂量—效应关系 ;( 2 )不同剂量血脂康治疗后的最大疗效出现在治疗后的第 3个月这一时段上 ,此时段可作为疗效判断及调整治疗的时间窗 ;( 3 )血脂康治疗有较好的安全性。     

血脂康与辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症调脂作用的比较

目的比较血脂康与辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症病人的调脂作用.方法将30例高胆固醇血症病人随机分为两组,服药前及服药后4周、8周测定血脂.结果①服药后4周两组TC分别下降低了19.8%和21.3%(P均＜0.005);血脂康降低血清低密度脂蛋血胆固醇(LDL-C)作用与辛伐他汀相似,LCL-C水平分别降低了28.2%和33.0%(P均＜0.05);②血脂康明显降低了18.4%的血清TG水平(P＜0.05);③两种药物治疗8周后的调脂作用与4周比较无明显差异.结论血脂康显著降低高胆固醇血症病人血清TC和LDL-C的作用与辛伐他汀相等,血脂康降低TG作用优于辛伐他汀.     

氟伐他汀治疗冠心病的可能机制探讨

目的 观察氟伐他汀的降脂效果并探讨其治疗冠心病的可能机制。方法 对30例合并高胆固醇血症的冠心病患者给予氟伐他汀40mg/每晚治疗,分别于服药前4周、服药后0、6、12周取血测定一氧化氮(NO)、6-酮-前列腺素Flα(6-K-PGFlα)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果 服药12周末血TC、LDL-C和HDL-C变化分别为:-20.9%、-25.6%和+8.3%;血中NO和6-K-PGFlα较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),CRP明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 氟伐他汀在调节血脂的同时,尚有保护血管内皮、抑制炎症反应和减少血小板聚集作用。     

血脂康对冠心病纤维蛋白原、血粘度和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的;观察国产血脂康在调脂治疗的同时对冠心病患者纤维蛋白原、血粘度和胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:54例冠心病伴血清总胆固醇(TC)>5.2mmol/L或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)>3.12mmol/L患者口服血脂康(0,6,2次/d),治疗8周,观察治疗前、后TC、LDL\IC、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)及纤维蛋白原、血粘度和胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)变化,另选择20例正常健康者作为对照组。结果:血脂康治疗8周后,TC、LDL-C和TG水平分别下降24.6％、34.1％和17.5％,HDL-C水平升高13.4％(P均<0.05或<0.01);纤维蛋白原和不同切变率的血粘度均显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。血脂康治疗前胰岛素敏感指数显著低于正常对照组,而治疗后则明显升高(P<0.05)。结论;血脂康对于冠心病患者不仅能够有效调整血脂,而且还具有降低纤维蛋白原和血粘度及改善胰岛素抵抗的有益作用。     

血脂康对冠心病并发高脂血症病人血管内皮功能及C反应蛋白的影响

目的观察血脂康对冠心病并发高脂血症病人血管内皮功能、C反应蛋白（CRP）的影响,以探讨其降脂外作用.方法 57例病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组采用常规治疗;治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予血脂康治疗8周,观察两组治疗前后内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）、NO合酶（NOS）、CRP和血脂总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）等水平变化.另设健康对照组20名.结果经过血脂康8周治疗后,与对照组比较,NO、NOS明显升高（P〈0.01）,ET-1、CRP、TC、TG明显下降（P〈0.01）.结论血脂康具有降脂、抗炎、改善血管内皮功能等调脂外作用.     

血脂康对高脂血症患者低密度脂蛋白颗粒和氧化型低密度脂蛋白的影响

目的探讨血脂康对高脂血症患者低密度脂蛋白(LDL)颗粒和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)的影响。方法连续入选未服用降脂药物治疗的受试人群40例(其中高脂血症患者20例,健康受试者20例),分为血脂康组(n=20例)和对照组(n=20例)。Lipoprint脂蛋白分类检测仪对LDL颗粒进行分类。治疗8周后比较两组治疗前后LDL颗粒和ox-LDL的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后血脂康组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和载脂蛋白B的浓度显著降低(P0. 05),小颗粒LDLC的浓度和小颗粒LDL的百分比均降低(P0. 05)。经血脂康治疗后,ox-LDL的浓度显著降低(P0. 05)。结论血脂康治疗8周可显著改善高脂血症患者的血脂谱,并降低致动脉粥样硬化性小颗粒LDLC浓度和百分比,同时减少氧化应激反应。     

不同剂量辛伐他汀调脂治疗冠心病的疗效及安全性研究

目的　观察冠心病 (CHD)患者中 ,辛伐他汀不同剂量调脂的有效性和安全性。方法　选择确诊为CHD的 114例患者 ,随机 (计算机数字表 )、开放分为辛伐他汀 2 0mg组 (n =5 8)和 10mg组 (n =5 6 ) ,年龄 40～ 86岁 ,平均年龄(6 0 .7± 9.7)岁。均为每晚服药 1次。分别于用药前、用药后第 6、12、2 4周空腹采静脉血清 ,以酶法测定总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、甘油三酯 (TG)以及肝、肾功能等。结果　 (1)用药第 6周始 ,两组TC和LDL C均比用药前明显下降 ,且一直保持到用药 2 4周末 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )第 6、12、2 4周的TC、LDL C水平 ,在 2 0mg组比 10mg组明显低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (3) 2 4周TC达标率 ,2 0mg组明显高于 10mg组(78.2 %比 5 2 .9% ,P <0 .0 5 )。 (4 )两组间谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)升高等副作用未见明显差异。结论　 2 0mg辛伐他汀能够安全而且更有效地降低TC和LDL C水平 ,使更多的CHD患者的血清胆固醇达到理想标准水平     

不同类型高脂血症小而密低密度脂蛋白的水平及调血脂治疗对其影响

目的 :研究不同类型高脂血症患者血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平的变化 ,观察血脂康调血脂治疗对高脂血症患者小而密LDL C的影响。方法 :采用非变型梯度凝胶电泳法分别测定 37例冠状动脉 (冠脉 )正常的高脂血症患者 (A组 ) ,131例冠脉造影证实有冠心病的高脂血症患者 (B组 )及 40例冠脉及血脂均正常的受检者 (对照组 )和 80例血脂正常的冠心病患者 (C组 )血清小而密LDL C的水平 ,比较A、B和C组间小而密LDL C水平的差异 ;将B组分为 3个亚组即 40例高胆固醇血症患者 (B1组 )、49例混合型高脂血症患者 (B2组 )、42例高甘油三酯血症患者 (B3组 ) ,给予调血脂治疗 8周 ,分别测定治疗前后该 3个亚组血清小而密LDL C的水平 ,并与对照组对比。结果 :与对照组相比 ,A组患者血清小而密LDL C占总LDL C含量的百分比仅有轻度升高 [(45 5± 5 5 ) %比(40 6± 6 3) % ,P >0 0 5 ] ,B组和C组患者血清小而密LDL C的含量明显升高 [(65 8± 8 2 ) %和 (68 3± 13 8) % ,P <0 0 1]。B组中以B 2组 [(65 7± 7 8) % ,P <0 0 1]和B3组 [(69 3± 7 8) % ,P <0 0 1]患者升高最为明显。调血脂治疗后血清小而密LDL C实际含量均较治疗前显著下降。结论 :合并有冠心病的高脂血症患者小而密LDL C的升高更为明显 ,     

高三酰甘油血症血流变化特点与一氧化氮活性及血管扩张效应改变的相关研究

目的 :探讨高三酰甘油 (TG)血症时血流动力学变化特点及其对血管内皮功能的影响机制。方法 :以 2 0例正常人、6 0例高TG血症患者 (其中 30例予以饮食治疗、30例予吉非罗齐治疗 )为观察对象 ,以肱动脉B超测量血管结构、血流和内皮依赖的舒张功能改变 ,并检测血浆一氧化氮 (NO)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)、血脂、血糖的变化。结果 :与正常对照组比较 ,除了常规血脂生化指标异常升高外 ,TG血症患者还有血oxLDL浓度升高、NO活性下降 ,且NO水平与TG、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和oxLDL浓度呈负相关。血管超声中心肌内温度、收缩期内径和舒张期内径差异无统计学意义 ,而平均血流速度 (Vm)、平均剪切率 (MSR)以及血流介导的扩张效应 (FMD)均显著减小 ,与NO水平呈正相关。 8周的低脂饮食治疗可使总胆固醇TC、TG水平下降 ,但NO、oxLDL和血管超声差异无统计学意义 ;吉非罗齐治疗组血TG、TC、LDL C和oxLDL浓度下降、NO浓度增高 ,血管超声FMD、Vm、MSR显著升高 ,而结构尚未见明显改变。结论 :高TG血症时TC、TG、LDL C水平和oxLDL共同参与了内皮的损伤机制 ,血流减缓、血流剪切率下降与NO活性的下降密切相关 ,临床表现为血管舒张功能的下降 ,调脂治疗有利于内皮舒张功能的改善。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.