连梅饮中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量测定

目的探讨连梅饮中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量测定方法。方法采用RP—HPLC／UV法测定连梅饮中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量;色谱柱：Agilent HC C18柱（250×4．6mm,5μm）;乙腈：0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长275nm;流速1ml／min。结果黄芩苷在0．448—112μg／ml的浓度范围,小檗碱在0．424～106μg／ml的浓度范围内线性良好：低和高浓度的黄芩苷和小檗碱的精密度（RSD）分别为3．88％、4．84％、4．63％、2．29％;加样回收率分别为（104．3±1.3）％、（97．7±6．9）％;连梅饮中黄芩苷的含量为（2．67±0．012）mg／ml,RSD为0．45％（n=3）;小檗碱的含量为（2．47±0．014）mg／ml,RSD为2．98％（n=3）。结论本方法快速、简便、准确,可用于测定制剂中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量。     

炎可宁片中黄芩苷的含量测定

目的采用高效液相色谱法测定炎可宁片中黄芩苷的含量。方法以ODS柱（4．6mm×200mm,5μm）分离黄芩苷,以甲醇-水-醋酸（40：60：1）为流动相,检测波长274nm进行测定。结果黄芩苷峰与其他组分的分离度为5．0,理论塔板数以黄芩苷峰计算为25870;平均加样回收率为99．0％（n=6）;RSD为0．89％。黄芩苷在0．25～2．5μg范围内,进样量与吸收面积值呈良好的线性关系。结论该法测定炎可宁片中黄芩苷的含量,结果准确,重复性好。     

HPLC测定软肝升白颗粒中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立测定软肝升白颗粒中黄芩苷含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用Diamonsil C18（150mm×4．6mm,5μm）柱分离,以甲醇-水-三乙胺（50：50：0．25,用磷酸调节pH2．2）进行洗脱,在277nm处检测。结果黄芩苷在12．04～96．32μg·mL^-1范围内浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;黄芩苷的平均回收率为101．1％,RSD为1．41％,n=9。结论本法操作简便,准确度高,重复性好,可作为软肝升白颗粒质量控制方法之一。     

HPLC测定参茸白凤丸中黄芩苷含量

目的建立参茸白凤丸中黄芩苷的测定方法。方法采用HPLC法测定黄芩苷的含量。KromasilC18柱（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）,以甲醇-磷酸-水（47：0．2：53）为流动相,柱温为室温,流速为1mL／min,检测波长为276nm。结果黄芩苷在0．054464—0．490176μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r^2=0．9999,n=9）,平均回收率为99．97％（RSD=0．91％）。结论该测定方法精密度高,重复性好,可用于参茸白凤丸的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定清咽颗粒中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定清咽颗粒中黄芩苷含量的方法。方法色谱柱为ZORBAX SB-C18（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）;流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸（47：53：0．2）;流速0．8ml／min;检测波长280nm;柱温为40℃。结果黄芩苷进样量在0．1818-0．9696μg范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好（r=0．9995）,平均回收率为98．53％,RSD为1．81％（n=6）。结论本方法操作简单、准确、重现性好,可用于清咽颗粒的质量控制．     

HPLC法测定复方竹叶石膏颗粒中野黄芩苷的含量

目的建立测定复方竹叶石膏颗粒中野黄芩苷含量的方法。方法用HPLC法定量分析处方中的野黄芩苷。色谱柱：VP-ODS（5μm,150 mm×4.6 mm）;流动相：甲醇-10%乙腈的0.1%磷酸溶液（20∶80）;检测波长：335 nm;流速：1.0 ml.min-1。结果野黄芩苷在67.20～448.00μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,该线性回归方程为：Y=1507 X-1545,r=1.0000（n=5）。平均回收率为99.58%,RSD为1.15%（n=6）。结论该方法准确、灵敏度高,重复性好。     

蒲地蓝消炎片的质量标准研究

目的完善蒲地蓝消炎片的质量控制方法。方法采用薄层色谱法对方中黄芩、蒲公英与苦地丁进行鉴别；用高效液相色谱法测定方中黄芩苷的含量。结果TLC鉴别方法专属性强；黄芩苷线性范围为0．12-3．0μg（r=0．9997），平均回收率为98．8％，RSD为0．7％（n=6）。结论本方法操作简便，结果准确，灵敏度高，重复性好。该质量标准可有效地控制蒲地蓝消炎片的质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定党参中党参炔苷的含量

目的分析不同产地党参中党参炔苷的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱，Diamonsil C18（250．0mm×4．6mm，5μm）色谱柱，以乙腈-水（20：80）为流动相，检测波长267nm，柱温30℃。结果党参炔苷在2—500Mg·ml^-1（r=0．9996）范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系；平均回收率98．3％，RSD1．37％（n=5）。测定了9个产地党参中党参炔苷的含量，含量范围为0．044-0．982mg·g^-1。结论此方法准确、简便，适合于党参中党参炔苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定双黄连口服液中绿原酸和黄芩苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定双黄连口服液中绿原酸和黄芩苷含量的方法。方法色谱柱用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂（AgilentZORBAXEclipseXDB-C18,4.6mm×150mm,5Micron）。流动相A：甲醇-水-磷酸（50∶950∶5）,流动相B：甲醇。梯度洗脱程序：0～30,A：95%～35%,B：5%～65%;流速：1ml/min,检测波长327nm。结果绿原酸和黄芩苷的保留时间分别约为10.6、24min,与各自相邻峰的分离度均〉1.5。以峰面积（X）对进样浓度（Y）线性回归,绿原酸回归方程：Y=0.03298X-0.09386,r=0.9999,线性范围5.040～45.36μg·ml^-1。黄芩苷回归方程：Y=0.05155X-1.2864,r=0.9999线性范围：44.88～403.9μg·ml^-1。绿原酸、黄芩苷回收率（n=6）分别为99.6%和100.0%、RSD分别为0.32%和1.0%。结论本方法与2005版中国药典法含量测定结果一致,准确度好且操作简便。     

柱前衍生化HPLC法同时测定复方甘草酸苷胶囊中甘氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量

目的建立同时测定复方甘草酸苷胶囊中甘氨酸和蛋氨酸含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用C18色谱柱（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0．01mol·L^-1磷酸溶液（49：51）,流速：1．0mL／min,检测波长：262nm。结果甘氨酸、蛋氨酸浓度分别在10．6～106．0、10．4～104．0μg·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为100．53％和100．66％,RSD分别为1．08％和1．13％（n=9）。结论本法可用于同时测定复方甘草酸苷胶囊中甘氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量,方法简便,结果准确。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.