颈椎前路内固定术后食管瘘

目的探讨颈椎前路内固定术后食管瘘的病因、治疗及预防措施。方法总结1999年以来5例患者,采用手术清创、钢板取出,瘘口修补或旷置,术后严格禁食水,加强支持治疗及抗感染等。结果经0.5-6个月全部病例均愈合恢复进食,随访3-24个月无复发。结论颈椎前路内固定术后食管瘘是一种严重的并发症,关键在于预防,发生后常需取出内固定钢板。     

颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的原因及处理

 目的 探讨颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的原因及处理对策。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2011年12月采用颈椎前路手术治疗2348例颈椎疾患患者资料,其中5例发生食管瘘,男3例,女2例;年龄14~48岁,平均34岁;颈椎外伤3例,颈椎病1例,颈椎结核1例。1例患者术中发现食管瘘,给予修补;另4例均为术后发现,行清创探查引流术,其中1例探查时发现食管瘘口遂给予修补,1例仅行清创探查术,1例清创探查术后二期行内固定取出术,1例清创探查术后二期行内固定取出及肌瓣填塞术。给予禁食、营养支持、伤口引流及抗生素治疗;定期吞服亚甲蓝,观察漏口情况。结果 经过9～61周治疗,所有患者食管瘘口愈合,恢复进食。随访6～48个月,无一例发生食管瘘复发、颈椎失稳及迟发感染;吞咽功能均良好;患者原有颈部疾患治疗效果均满意,颈椎外伤患者Frankel分级平均提高1级,颈椎病患者JOA评分由术前9分提高至术后15分。结论 采用食管瘘口修补、肌瓣填塞以及引流手术,并严格禁食禁水、营养支持,必要时取出内固定物,多数颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的患者能获得满意的疗效。术中仔细轻柔操作是预防食管瘘发生的关键。     

前路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的总结颈椎前路减压，自体髂骨植骨或加钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法对28例前路颈椎手术患者进行分析，19例患者常规颈椎前路减压植骨融合手术，9例加用钢板内固定，所有病例术后都行X线检查，21例进行3～12个月随访(平均6个月)。结果术后症状有明显缓减，脊髓功能明显恢复者占76．19％，术后6个月植骨融合率达到100％，无钢板断裂或螺钉松动、滑脱。结论前路减压植骨或钢板内固定是治疗脊髓型颈椎病满意而有效的治疗方法。     

前路减压Orion钢板内固定在颈椎外科的应用

目的：探讨前路减压 Orion钢板内固定手术在颈椎外科中的应用价值和作用。方法：16例颈椎疾病患者，其中颈椎病5例，颈椎骨折11例。行颈前路开槽减压、自体髂骨移植、并采用Orion钢板内固定。结果：14例中12例获随访≥6个月。所有病例移植骨均完全愈合，术后恢复椎间高度未发生再丢失现象，颈椎生理曲度维持良好。无钢板螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。结论：前路减压 Orion钢板内固定手术，在颈椎外伤及退行性变的治疗中有着良好的前景。     

颈前路钢板系统在颈椎肿瘤手术中的应用

目的：探讨颈椎前路带锁钢板系统在颈椎肿瘤手术治疗中的应用价值。方法：对8例颈椎肿瘤患者采取前路椎体切除术、自体髂骨植骨以及颈椎前路带锁钢ORLON内固定手术治疗。结果：8例患者得到8～21个月随访，平均12、5个月，2.9～4．3个月内所有植骨均骨性融合，平均融合时间3．4个月，瘫痪患者神经功能均有不同程度恢复，1例术后出现短暂声嘶，1例术后出现吞咽困难，无钢板螺钉断裂、松动或脱出及其他并发症。结论：颈椎前路带锁钢板系统在手术切除颈椎椎体和肿瘤后能提供即刻稳定性，有利于促进神经功能的恢复。     

颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的治疗

目的 :探讨颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的治疗措施及其效果。方法 :回顾性分析2006年9月~2016年7月颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的8例患者资料,其中男6例,女2例;年龄31~71岁(52.32±13.05岁)。外伤性颈椎骨折4例(其中强直性脊柱炎2例),颈椎病2例,颈椎结核1例,颈椎畸形1例。术中发现食管瘘1例,当即给予修补;术后早发性(1个月内)食管瘘6例,其中2例经呋喃西林纱布条换药处理,2例行清创探查引流术并在术中给予修补,1例清创探查术后给予胸锁乳突肌瓣填塞,1例因脓毒血症死亡;迟发性(1个月后)食管瘘1例,行内固定取出清创探查,并肌瓣填塞。同时所有患者行伤口细菌培养,应用敏感抗生素,鼻饲饮食加强营养等治疗。结果:1例强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎骨折脱位患者,于术后第4天出现食管瘘,术后第7天因脓毒血症死亡;其余7例食管瘘口均愈合,愈合时间为2周~2.5个月;随访1~5年(2.86±1.36年),7例均无复发,且吞咽功能良好。结论:依据食管瘘发生的时间,结合其大小和污染程度采取不同的治疗方案,可取得较好的疗效。     

颈前路钢板系统在颈椎肿瘤手术中的应用

目的：探讨颈椎前路带锁钢板系统在颈椎肿瘤手术治疗中的应用价值。方法：对8例颈椎肿瘤患者采取前路椎体切除术、自体髂骨植骨以及颈椎前路带锁钢ORION内固定手术治疗。结果：8例患者得到8-21个月随访，平均12．5个月，2．9～4．3个月内所有植骨均骨性融合，平均融合时间3．4个月，瘫痪患者神经功能均有不同程度恢复，1例术后出现短暂声嘶，1例术后出现吞咽困难，无钢板螺钉断裂、松动或脱出及其他并发症。结论：颈椎前路带锁钢板系统在手术切除颈椎椎体和肿瘤后能提供即刻稳定性，有利于促进神经功能的恢复。     

前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗颈椎结核

目的 探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗颈椎结核的临床疗效.方法 采用前路病灶清除自体髂骨植骨融合内固定治疗18例颈椎结核患者.记录并发症情况.比较手术前后疼痛VAS评分、JOA评分.采用ECK融合分级标准评价植骨融合情况并观察颈椎融合节段高度.结果 患者均获得随访,时间12～38个月.围手术期无食管损伤、深静脉血栓等...     

颈前路再手术后并发颈动脉窦强烈反应致难治性低血压1例报告

<正>颈椎前路术后食管瘘的发生率为0.06%,取出内置物是治疗的关键[1]。但由于周边重要血管神经的存在及组织的粘连,导致颈前路再手术出现并发症的风险大大增加。我科收治1例颈前路术后食管瘘患者,取出内置物后出现难治性低血压,考虑由颈动脉窦强烈反应(carotid sinus hyperactivity,CSR)所致,报道如下。患者男性,58岁,因"颈椎外伤术后近10年,右颈部     

颈前路椎体次全切植骨内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴不全瘫

目的 评价颈椎前路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位的临床疗效.方法 17例颈椎骨折脱位伴不全瘫的患者均在全麻下行颈前路椎体次全切减压、自体髂骨植骨钢板内固定术,手术历时平均110分钟,术后颈托保护,常规脱水、消炎、对症治疗.结果 所有病例术后不全瘫均有恢复,颈椎序列良好,无主要并发症,随访8-42月,椎间高度得以保持,椎体间骨性融合,Frankle分级E级15例D级2例.结论 采用颈前路椎体次全切加自体髂骨植骨内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴不全瘫可以恢复颈椎序列,重建颈椎的稳定性,达到骨性融合,让受损脊髓得到良好的恢复.     

Repair of cervical esophageal perforation using longus colli muscle flap: a case report of a patient with cervical spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Perforation of the esophagus after anterior cervical spine surgery is a rare, but well-recognized complication. The management of esophageal perforation is controversial, and either nonoperative or operative treatment can be selected. PURPOSE: Several reports have described the use of a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap for esophageal repair. In this case report, we describe a longus colli muscle flap as a substitute for a sternocleidomastoid flap in a patient with an esophageal perforation. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. PATIENT SAMPLE: A 20-year-old man sustained cervical spinal cord injury, on diving and hitting his head against the bottom of a pool. A C6 burst fracture was observed with posterior displacement of a bone fragment into the spinal canal. The patient exhibited complete paralysis below the C8 spinal segment level. METHODS: The patient underwent subtotal corpectomy of the sixth cervical vertebra with the iliac bone graft and augmented posterior spinal fixation (C5-7) with pedicle screws. After the primary operation, the patient showed signs of infection such as throat pain, a high fever, and osteolytic change of the grafted bone by cervical radiograph. A second operation was performed to replace the graft bone using fibula. On the day after the operation, food residue was confirmed in the suction drainage tube, suggesting esophagus perforation. A third operation was immediately performed to confirm and treat esophagus perforation, although apparent esophageal perforation could not be detected at the second operation. Because the erosion around the perforation of the esophageal posterior wall was extensive, a longus colli muscle flap transposition was accordingly performed into the interspace between the esophageal posterior wall and the grafted bone in addition to simple suturing of the perforation. RESULTS: Neither high fever nor pharyngeal pain has recurred at latest follow-up, 5 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the use of a longus colli muscle flap for esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery.     

Delayed esophageal injury without instrumentation failure: complication of anterior cervical instrumentation

The authors describe a case of a 67-year-old man who presented with a delayed esophageal perforation 4 years after anterior cervical spine surgery for spondylotic myelopathy. Diagnosis was made with esophagoscopic visualization of the lesion and repair performed with hardware removal and esophageal closure utilizing a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the therapeutic implications discussed.     

Esophagocutaneous fistula after anterior cervical spine surgery and successful treatment using a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. A case report

An esophagocutaneous fistula following anterior cervical fusion is rare. A 61-year-old man had cervical myelopathy because of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. Anterior decompression of the cervical spine and anterior fusion with strut bone grafting were performed. A second anterior fusion was done because the graft was dislodged after the patient fell out of bed one month after surgery. An esophagocutaneous fistula occurred three months after the second anterior surgery. One of the causes of this esophagocutaneous fistula was considered to be a pressure necrosis of the esophagus because of to projection of the bone graft. Conservative treatment, which consisted of wound drainage and intravenous administration of antibiotics, was tried but was unsuccessful. A good result was achieved by cancellous bone grafting, closure of the esophageal fistula, and transposition of a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap to the interspace between the esophagus and the cervical spine.     

Repairing esophageal perforations with a transverse cervical musculofascial flap

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Although rare, perforations of the esophagus following spinal surgery via an anterior approach are serious life-threatening problems. Complications include abscess formation, mediastinitis, sepsis, and fistula that can carry a mortality rate of 20%-50%. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative. A common method of repair is isolation and primary repair of the defect in the esophagus, with interpositional muscle coverage. A transverse cervical myofascial artery flap is described here as a potential reconstructive option. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective review was performed on 3 patients who had repair of esophageal perforations following spinal surgery with an anterior approach. RESULTS: In all 3 cases, hardware was found to be eroding through the esophagus. The hardware was removed at the time of repair and flap coverage in 2 patients, and each went on to an oral diet within 10 days without complication, with follow-up exceeding 6 months. A third patient with recurrent erosions could not have the hardware removed and subsequently suffered with another erosion through the muscle flap. A secondary surgery with pectoralis flap coverage was successful but required revision surgeries for flap debulking. No patients had limitation of shoulder movement after flap reconstruction, and all went on to a normal diet without dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS: The transverse cervical artery musculofascial flap can be an ideal method for repair of small cervical esophageal perforations, although spinal hardware should be removed if felt to be the etiology of the perforation.     

Successful application of an omental pedicle flap in delayed repair of a perforated esophageal diverticulum: Report of a case

Mediastinitis resulting from a perforated esophageal diverticulum is a potentially fatal complication and the surgical treatment of persistent esophagomediastinal fistula may be difficult. In this report, we describe the successful application of an omental pedicle flap in the delayed repair of a perforated esophageal diverticulum. A 53-year-old man presented with chest and back pain and a diagnosis of perforated esophageal diverticulum was subsequently confirmed. After receiving conservative treatment, he was referred to our department and underwent surgical repair 6 months following the onset of the perforation. Through a right thoracotomy, the mucosal layer of the esophagus around the diverticulum was sutured, and an omental pedicle flap was used to cover the suture line and obliterate the fistulous tract. His postoperative course was uneventful and the suture line healed well. The successful treatment of this patient reinforces our belief that wider application of the omental pedicle flap can be expected in the field of thoracic surgery.     

Successful surgical management of a delayed pharyngo-esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine plating

A case report of a 41-year-old man who had a delayed pharyngo-esophageal perforation without instrumentation failure 7 years after anterior cervical spine plating is presented and the literature on this issue is reviewed. This injury resulted from repetitive friction/traction between the retropharyngo-esophageal wall and the cervical plate construct leading to a pseudodiverticulum and perforation. Successful treatment of the perforation was obtained after surgical repair using a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. This case stresses the necessity of careful long-term follow-up in patients with anterior cervical spine plating for early detection of possible perforation and the use of muscle flap as the treatment of choice during surgical repair.

     

食管破裂诊断及外科手术方式的选择——附36例临床分析

目的探讨食管破裂的诊断与手术方式。方法 1980-01—2012-06间共收治36例食管破裂与穿孔患者。保守治疗2例,手术治疗34例。单纯食管破裂修补术、食管破裂修补加肋间肌瓣、膈肌瓣、带蒂大网膜覆盖破裂口8例;破裂食管切除、Ⅰ期食管胃胸内或颈部吻合术3例;纵膈引流、胸腔引流或食管"T"管引流加空肠造瘘6例;食管旷置或颈部食管造瘘,加纵膈、胸腔引流及空肠造瘘,Ⅱ期消化道重建2例,其中1例为经胸骨后管状胃与颈部食管吻合;颈部食管旁切开引流术及食管支架置入术各1例。贲门失弛缓症、食管癌、食管癌术后吻合口狭窄扩张或支架置入时破裂5例:姑息性食管癌切除、吻合口狭窄部切除再游离胃行颈部吻合术4例,食管破裂修补术加破裂食管对侧Heller手术1例。合并多发性肋骨骨折肺深部裂伤、脾破裂胃破裂、车祸胸部贯通伤伴胸壁皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤各1例:行肺裂伤修补,胸腹联合切口行脾切除胃破裂修补术加胃空肠造瘘,1例伤后6d,确诊食管破裂,行食管破裂修补及肋间肌瓣加固。1例食管异物40 d,致食管-主动脉瘘(AEF),左心转流下阻断主动脉,修补主动脉破口,切除胸段食管行颈部食管胃吻合,获成功。食管胸中段化学性烧伤致穿孔1例,I期行胸段食管切除食管胃颈部吻合术。食管破裂修补术后再瘘3例:行胸腔廓清、上下胸腔引流及空肠造瘘。结果治愈27例,其中3例并吻合口狭窄,经扩张后好转。死亡9例。结论选择合理方式治疗食管破裂至关重要。要综合考虑食管破裂的原因、部位、时间、大小、原发疾病、并发症、纵隔及胸腔感染情况。     

Pharyngocutaneous fistula after anterior cervical spine surgery

Pharyngocutaneous fistulae are rare complications of anterior spine surgery occurring in less than 0.1% of all anterior surgery cases. We report a case of a 19 year old female who sustained a C6 burst fracture with complete quadriplegia. She was treated urgently with a C6 corpectomy with anterior cage and plating followed by posterior cervical stabilization at another institution. Post operatively she developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula that failed to heal despite several attempts of closure and esophageal exclusion with a Jpeg tube. The patient was eventually successfully treated with a three-stage procedure consisting of firstly a posterior approach to reinforce the posterior stabilization of the cervical spine that was felt to be inadequate, secondly an anterior approach with removal of all the anterior instrumentation followed by iliac crest bone graft and thirdly a superior based sternocleidomastoid flap that was interposed between the esophagus and the anterior cervical spine. The patient's fistula healed successfully. However, yet asymptomatic, the anterior iliac crest bone graft resorbed almost completely at 16 months follow up. In light of this complication, we discuss the surgical options for the treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistulae and the closure of this fistula using a superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap.     

Esophageal erosion 9 years after anterior cervical plate implantation

BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is 1 of the most common spinal procedures performed. Most complications are observed during the intraoperative or immediate postoperative period. Long-term complications are not often described. A review of literature revealed 5 years as the longest complication interval. We present a case of esophageal erosion 9 years after initial surgery that was successfully treated. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with recurrent pneumonia secondary to esophageal erosion almost 1 decade after anterior cervical spine surgery. This is the longest documented delay in presentation of esophageal erosion published to date. The diagnosis was made during EGD and the treatment consisted of plate removal and esophagus repair. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the therapeutic implications are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe an uncommon case of esophageal erosion 9 years after anterior cervical plating. In cases of hardware migration even many years after surgery or in patients with intrinsic esophageal disease, potential esophageal damage should be considered.