消包片致药物性肝损害一例

临床资料患者,女性,40岁,于2004年2月体检发现肝包虫病在外地医院服消包片,2个月后出现黄疸伴皮肤瘙痒来院就诊。入院查体:皮肤巩膜重度黄染,无出血点、肝掌及蜘蛛痣,肝脾肋下未触及,肝区有轻度叩击痛,余无异常。查肝功能TBil (总胆红素)199．5μmol／L,DBil(直接胆红素) 150．4μmol/L,ALT(丙氨酸转氨酶)642U／L,AST(天     

梅毒并发严重肝损害1例

患者,女,40岁,因阴道流血1月,乏力、纳差、尿黄10d,于2001年11月6日入院。入院查体:皮肤、黏膜明显黄染,无肝掌及蜘蛛痣,心、肺未见异常,肝脾肋下未扪及,腹水征阴性。实验室检查:总胆红素277.5μmol/L、直接胆红素212.7μmol/L、白蛋白37g/L、球蛋白29g/L、丙氨酸氨基转移酶483U/L、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶421U/L、碱性     

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏致重度溶血性黄疸1例报告

1病例资料患者男性,65岁。因“皮肤巩膜黄染、尿黄2天”于2020年4月14日入本院。患者入院前2天不明原因出现全身皮肤及巩膜黄染,小便呈浓茶样改变,伴头晕、乏力、口干、食欲减退。院外查血常规:红细胞2.40×1012/L,血红蛋白浓度89 g/L,平均血红蛋含白含量37.2 pg,平均红细胞体积111.2 fl,红细胞比容26.7%;尿常规:深黄色,隐血(+++),蛋白质(+++),胆红素(+),尿胆原(+);肝功能:总胆红素522.4μmol/L,直接胆红素63.79 umol/L,间接胆红素458.61μmol/L;α-羟丁酸脱氢酶897 U/L,乳酸脱氢酶963 U/L;腹部彩超:肝胆胰脾肾未见明显异常。门诊以“溶血性贫血”收治入院。入院查体:生命体征平稳,全身皮肤、巩膜重度黄染,心肺查体未见异常,腹部平坦,无压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张,肝脾未触及,墨菲式征阴性,肾区无叩痛,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音约4次/min。     

干扰素致面神经麻痹一例

患者女,31岁。因肝功能反复异常2年余入院。入院查体:神志清楚,慢性病容,面色晦暗,皮肤无黄染,未见蜘蛛痣及肝掌,球结膜无黄染,舌苔白腻;心肺听诊无异常;肝肋下未及,肝区叩击痛( ) ,脾肋下1.5cm ,质中腹水征(- )。肝功能检查:总胆红素(TB) 15 .2 μmol/L ,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT) 118U/L ,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST) 15 3U/L ,白蛋白4 5 g/L ,总蛋白6 8g/L ;HBsAg( ) ,HBeAg( ) ,抗HBc( ) ,HBV DNA( )。诊断为慢性乙型肝炎入院后保肝2周。肝功能正常,增加α2b干扰素30 0万U隔日1次肌肉注射,半月后患者出现恶心感,复查肝功能:TB 2 0 .3μmo…     

Gilbert综合征1例

患者,男性,27岁。因反复乏力、纳差、尿黄14年于2000年2月16日入院。患者于1986年8月始无明显诱因出现乏力、纳差、尿黄。在当地医院多次查肝功能除总胆红素升高外,其余指标正常,总胆红素最高达126.5μmol/L。拟诊“肝炎”,予以治疗多次,病情缓解后均自动停止治疗。病前无明确“病毒性肝炎”病史,无肝病家族史。入院时查体皮肤巩膜中度黄染,无肝掌及蜘蛛痣。肝右锁骨中线肋下未及,脾于左肋下3.5cm,质中。实验室检查:血常规正常,肝功能:Alb 47g/L,G/L 28g/L,TBil 98.2μmol/L,IBil 92.6μmol/L,DBil 5.6μmol/L,ALT27U/L,HBVM示抗-HBs( )外,余全部阴性.抗-HCV,抗     

拉米夫定治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化出现过敏反应一例

患者,女性,65岁。发现乙型肝炎肝硬化1个月。于入院前3天无明显诱因出现腹胀,恶心、呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物,无呕血、黑便,伴尿黄,乏力明显。入院查体:皮肤、巩膜黄染,心肺(-),腹部饱满,移动性浊音( ),无压痛与反跳痛,双下肢水肿。试验室检查:HBsAg( ),HBeAg( ),抗HBC( ),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)192U/L,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)432U/l,血清总胆红素(TBIL)126μmol/L,血清直接胆红素(DBIL)72μmol/L。诊断为肝炎后肝硬化、失代偿、乙型,腹水。给以保肝、利尿,间断输人血白蛋白及血浆治疗。1个半月后腹水消失,复查ALT198U/l,AST…     

胆道闭锁的家系报道

一、患者资料 先征者女,2月龄,因“皮肤黄染2月”于2010年12月20日收住江苏省淮安市妇女儿童医院小儿外科.患儿出生后解正常胎便,短期解黄色大便后一直解白陶土样便.入院后查体:全身皮肤、巩膜中度黄染,心前区闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,肝肋下2 cm,质地Ⅰ °.实验室检查:甲型肝炎、丙型肝炎、乙型肝炎均为阴性.肝功能检查结果显示:总胆红素(TBil)136.2 μ mol/L,直接胆红素(DBil) 88.8μmol/L,γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT) 147U/L.彩色多普勒超声显示:房间隔缺损0.24 cm,动脉导管未闭,胆囊约1.2cm×0.2cm,胆总管未显示.腹部CT:胆囊显示欠佳.入院诊断:(1)黄疸原因待查,胆道闭锁?(2)先天性心脏病.     

华法林致严重黄疸一例

患者女,44岁,因皮肤巩膜黄染、尿色加深于2005年1月收入我院.患者1个月前开始出现皮肤巩膜黄染,尿如浓茶,粪色变浅,伴乏力、纳差及皮肤瘙痒,无发热、腹痛及呕吐.曾在当地医院行逆行胰胆管造影检查无异常发现,诊断为"梗阻性黄疸",治疗无效转至杭州某医院诊断为"淤胆型病毒性肝炎",予以护肝、退黄等治疗未见好转,反渐加重,肝功能检查示:总胆红素466.7 μmol/L,直接胆红素281.7 μmol/L,ALT 23 U/L,AST 3U/L,GGT 54 U/L,碱性磷酸酶106 U/L,白蛋白31.4 g/L,为进一步诊治转入我院.     

戊型病毒性肝炎致可逆性肝硬化1例

正患者,男,60岁,农民,因乏力、食欲差、皮肤及尿黄1月余于2016年2月3日入住我院感染科,入院查体:基本生命体征尚平稳,全身皮肤粘膜及巩膜重度黄染,心肺腹未见明显异常。辅助检查:02月03日肝功能:ALT130 U/L,AST71 U/L,GGT51 U/L,TBil 306μmol/L,DBil 163μmol/L,Alb34 g/L,     

重组人干扰素α-1b治疗慢性乙型肝炎导致白癜风1例

1.病历资料:患者男,12岁,汉族,因体检时发现HBsAg阳性,肝功能异常1个月,于2008年12月1日入院.患者有慢性乙型肝炎家族史.体温36.4℃,脉搏82次/min,呼吸19次/min,血压100/75 mm Hg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),皮肤、巩膜无黄染,未见肝掌、蜘蛛痣,皮肤黏膜未见异常,双肺及心脏正常,腹部平软,无压痛,肝脾未触及,肝区有叩击痛,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无水肿,生理反射正常.入院时肝功能检查ALT 74.0 U/L,AST 60.0 U/L,总胆红素8.3 μmol/L,白蛋白44.1 g/L,球蛋白30.1 g/L.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.